Department of BES-II
Fundamentals of IOT & Sensors (24EC1101)
Topic:
Arduino: Introduction, Types
Session No: 07
AIM OF THE SESSION
To familiarize students with the basic concept of Arduino Introduction and Types
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
This Session is designed to:
1. Demonstrate what is Arduino
2. Describe the utilization of Arduino in IOT
3. List out the types of Arduino Boards
4. Describe the comparison between different Arduino Boards
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this session, you should be able to:
1. Define what is Arduino
2. Describe types of Arduino Boards
3. Summarize the comparison between different Arduino Boards
INTRODUCTION
arduino ( arrr-dween-oh )
(n.) It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a
development environment for writing software for the board.
• The Arduino was originally developed for artists and designers to prototype interactive displays
• Developed for non-scientists
• Minimal programming
• “Forgiving” circuitry that can handle a wide variety of wiring errors
• Arduino is the go-to gear for artists, hobbyists, students, and anyone with a gadgetry dream.
INTRODUCTION (Cont…)
Arduino boards can read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into an output—
activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something
online.
KEY COMPONENETS OF ARDUINO
• Arduino Board:
The physical microcontroller board that connects to sensors and actuators. Common models include
Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, and Arduino Nano.
• IDE (Integrated Development Environment):
The software where you write and upload code to the board. It supports C/C++.
• Shields:
Modular boards that add functionality to your Arduino (e.g., Wi-Fi connectivity, motor control).
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Overall, Arduino's flexibility, affordability, and extensive community support make it a powerful tool for developing
IoT applications, ranging from simple home automation projects to complex industrial monitoring systems.
BASIC FUNCTIONALITIES OF THE ARDUINO
Sensing and Data Acquisition Communication and Connectivity
IoT Protocols and Standards
Data Processing and Decision Making IoT Gateway IoT Education and Learning
ARDUINO TYPES
• Arduino Uno (R3) • Arduino Mega (R3) Board
• Arduino Nano • Arduino Leonardo Board
• Arduino Micro • Arduino Robot
• Arduino Due • Arduino Esplora
• Arduino Pro Mic
• LilyPad Arduino Board
• Arduino Ethernet
• Arduino Bluetooth
• Arduino Zero
• Arduino Diecimila
• Fastest Arduino Board
• RedBoard Arduino Board
Types of Arduino Boards
Arduino Nano
Arduino Mega
Arduino LilyPad
Arduino Uno Arduino Mini Arduino Leonardo
Types of Arduino Boards
FEATURES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ARDUINO BOARDS
The features of different types of Arduino boards are listed in the tabular form.
Arduino Board Processor Memory Digital I/O Analogue I/O
Arduino Uno 16Mhz ATmega328 2KB SRAM, 32KB flash 14 6 input, 0 output
Arduino Due 84MHz AT91SAM3X8E 96KB SRAM, 512KB flash 54 12 input, 2 output
Arduino Mega 16MHz ATmega2560 8KB SRAM, 256KB flash 54 16 input, 0 output
Arduino Leonardo 16MHz ATmega32u4 2.5KB SRAM, 32KB flash 20 12 input, 0 output
Arduino Uno Board Pin Description
ADVANTAGES
Using Arduino for electronics prototyping and DIY projects offers several key advantages:
1. Accessibility
2. Cost-effective
3. Extensive community and resources
4. Versatility
5. Expandability
6. Rapid prototyping
7. Cross-platform compatibility
8. Open-source nature
While Arduino is a powerful and versatile platform for prototyping and building interactive
electronics projects, it does have several limitations that users should be aware of:
Hardware Limitations Power Limitations
• Processing Power • Power Consumption
• Memory Constraints • Voltage Levels
• No Multitasking
• Limited I/O Pins Real-Time Performance
• Lack of Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
Software Limitations
• Simplified Programming Environment Project Scalability
• Library Limitations • Scalability
Connectivity and Communication Limitations Advanced Functionalities
• Limited Built-In Connectivity • Limited Advanced Features:
• Slow Communication Speed
ARDUINO APPLICATIONS
ACTIVITIES/ CASE STUDIES/ IMPORTANT FACTS RELATED TO THE
SESSION
• Identification of ARDUINO UNO pins : https://youtu.be/bniUECtJkeU
• Comparison of Arduino boards : https://youtu.be/j2reiw1ptgk
• Arduino applications : https://youtu.be/JvmIutmQd9U?si=lvefghs2zu1Hs5eq
SUMMARY
• Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform in electronics based on easy-to-use hardware and
software.
• Subtly speaking, Arduino is a microcontroller based prototyping board which can be used in
developing digital devices that can read inputs like finger on a button, touch on a screen, light on a
sensor etc. and turning it in to output like switching on an LED, rotating a motor, playing songs
through a speaker etc.
• The Arduino software is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users.
• It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux. Teachers and students use it to build low cost scientific
instruments, to prove chemistry and physics principles, or to get started with programming and
robotics.
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. What is Arduino?
(a) Programming language
(b) Image editing software
(c) Open-source electronics platform
(d) Text editor
2. How many types of Arduino do we have?
(a) 4
(b) 8
(c) 12
(d) 16
TERMINAL QUESTIONS
Short answer questions:
1. What is the role of a microcontroller in Arduino board?
2. List four types of Arduino boards.
3. Mention the primary features of an Arduino board.
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE SESSION
Reference Books:
1. The Internet of Things: Connecting Objects By Hakima Chaouchi Wiley publication
2. The Internet of Things – Key applications and Protocols By Olivier Hersent, David Boswarthick,
Omar Elloumi,, Wiley, 2012
Sites and Web links:
1. www.arduino.cc :info on hardware, some libraries for sensors, the integrated development
environment (IDE) and reference material on commands and structures
2. www.instructables.com : info on DIY projects prepared by others
3. www.makezine.com : Home of Make Magazine, which has lots of Arduino projects
THANK YOU
Team – Fundamentals of IoT & Sensors
