Human Development – focuses on human Early adulthood (19-30)
growth and changes across the lifespan, 1. Selecting a mate
including physical, cognitive, social, 2. Learning to live with a partner
intellectual, perceptional, personality and 3. Staring a family
emotional growth 4. Rearing children
Robert James Havighurst 1900-1991 5. Managing a home
He was an American psychologist, 6. Starting an occupation
educator, and expert on human 7. Assuming civic responsibility
development and aging. Middle adulthood (30-60)
1. Helping children to become happy
Infancy and early childhood (0-6) and responsible adults
1. Learning to walk 2. Achieving adult social civic
2. Learning to take solid foods responsibility
3. Learning to talk 3. Satisfactory career achievement
4. Learning to control the elimination 4. Developing adult leisure time
of body waste activities
5. Learning sex difference and sexual 5. Relating to one’s spouse as a
modesty person
6. Readiness for reading 6. Accepting the physiological
7. Learning to distinguish right from changes of middle age
wrong and developing a 7. Adjusting to aging parent
conscience Later maturity (60+)
Middle childhood (6-13) 1. Adjusting to decreasing strength
1. Learning physical skills necessary 2. Adjusting to retirement and
for ordinary skills reduced income
2. Building wholesome attitude 3. Adjusting to death of spouse
towards oneself 4. Establishing relations with one’s
3. Learning to get along with age- own age group
mates 5. Meeting social and civic obligations
4. Learning an appropriate sex role 6. Establishing satisfactory living
5. Developing concepts necessary for quarters
everyday living
6. Developing conscience, morality,
and scale of values
7. Achieving personal independence
8. Developing acceptable attitudes
towards society
Adolescence (13-16)
1. Achieving mature relations with
both sexes
2. To adopt approves masculine or
feminine rules
3. Accepting one’s physique
4. Achieving emotional independence
5. Preparing for marriage and family
life
6. Preparing for an economic career
7. Acquiring values and an ethical
system to guide behavior
8. Desiring and achieving socially
responsibility behavior
Havighurst’s eight developmental tasks in Acquiring a set of value and an
adolescence ethical system as a guide to
Achieving mature relations with both behavior developing an ideology
sexes and tailord our values and ethnical
Adolescents need to learn to have compass.
a smooth interpersonal relationship This developmental task involves
with others regardless of their identifying principles in life to live
sex/gender. Behavioral maturity is by or selecting models (e.g.
thus a necessary in dealing with parents and teachers) to imitate.
others. Behavioral maturity entails Desiring and achieving socially
on how you socialized and responsibility behavior
cooperate with others. In a civilized society, there are
To adopt socially approved masculine or socially acceptable and
feminine rules unacceptable behaviors. The
As an adolescent, you must decide unacceptable ones are the so-
for yourselves the roles you wish to called taboos.
exhibit and carry out.
Accepting one’s physique
To onset of adolescence is marked
by physical and physiological
changes. These may cause
changes in your attitudes,
emotions and outlook.
Achieving emotional independence
Emotional independence entails
carefully by analyzing options and
consequences before exhibiting
and emotion coming up with the
decision.
Preparing for marriage and family life
In the future, you shall establish
your own family and raise children.
Hence, you have to acquire
knowledge about entering married
life, building a family, and child-
bearing.
Preparing for an economic career
Throughout one’s adolescence, a
person is supposedly studying,
preparing for the future and
improving his abilities, skills and
expertise.
Acquiring values and ethical system to
guide behavior
