Physical Project education on Badminton

Academic Year: 2024-2025

SUBMITTED BY:

Name: Kanishk Vikram

Grade: XII

Hall Ticket No./Board Roll No:

 NARAYANA E-TECHNO SCHOOL

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Kanishk Vikram of standard XII has

completed the Physical Education project in partial fulfilment
of the curriculum of ALL INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY
CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (AISSCE).

EXTERNAL EXAMINER INTERNAL EXAMINER

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SCHOOL STAMP PRINCIPAL’S SIGNATURE

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest regards to the principal,

Mr. Ravi Swarnkar, for providing us with the
infrastructure and facilities for the project.

I would further like to extend my thanks to my Physical

Education teacher (Mr. Deepak Yadav) under whose
guidance this project was performed. His constant
support and invaluable guidance helped me to achieve
completion of this project.

Furthermore, I extend my appreciation to my friends and

family for their encouragement and assistance during
the course of this project.

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 Index

Sr. Topic Page

no No.
1. Introduction 5
2. History of badminton 6
3. Field and equipment 7
4. Rules and Regulations of Badminton 19
5. Fundamental skills 20
6. Important Tournaments and Awards 26
7. Badminton Players 33
8. Bibliography 46

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 Introduction

Badminton is one of the most popular sports in the

world, with a passionate fan following around the
globe.
It is also one of the biggest draws at multi-sport
spectacles like the Olympics.
A regular fixture since the Barcelona 1992 Olympics,
badminton now has five disciplines at the Games
after mixed doubles was introduced at Atlanta
1996.
China has since emerged as the sports dominant
force with a total of 20 golds, 12 silvers and 15
bronze medals at the Olympics. Indonesia are
second with eight golds, six silvers and seven
bronze medals.
While badminton is most popular in Asia, it also
attracts great interest in Europe with players from
Denmark among those regularly challenging for top
honours.

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 History of badminton

Badminton is derived directly from the game “poona,”

which was played by British army officers stationed in India
in the 1860s. The Bath Badminton Club was established in
Bath, England, in 1877 and introduced new rules to the
game. The formation of the Badminton Association of
England (BAE) in 1893 marked a significant step in
standardizing the rules and regulations of the sport. The
first All England Open Badminton Championships,
considered the world’s first badminton tournament, were
held in 1899. These developments laid the foundation for
badminton’s global expansion.
The International Badminton Federation (now

the Badminton World Federation [BWF]) was formed on

July 5, 1934, as the sport’s world governing body, and its
first world championships were held in 1977. A number of
regional, national, and zonal badminton tournaments are
held in several countries. The best known of these is the
All-England Championships. The BWF classifies its
tournaments into four grades to organize competitions
based on prestige, ranking points, and prize money.
Grade 1 tournaments represent the highest level of
competition in the BWF tournament structure. These
prestigious events attract top-ranking players from around
the globe. The tournaments under this grade are the
Olympic Games, BWF World Championships, and BWF
World Tour Finals. Other well-known international
tournaments include the Thomas Cup (donated 1939) for

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 men’s team competition and the Uber Cup (donated 1956)
for women’s team competition.

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 Field and Equipment

As outlined by the Badminton World Federation (BWF),

here is a simplified rundown of the rules of badminton.
Badminton can be played either as singles or
doubles. In singles, there are two players competing
against each other. In doubles, two pairs of players
form teams and compete against each other,
resulting in a game of four players.

Badminton scoring system

All singles and doubles matches are the best-of-
three games. The first side to 21 points wins a
game.
A point is scored on every serve and awarded to
whichever side wins the rally. The winning side gets
the next serve.
If the score is 20-20, a side must win by two clear
points to win the game. If it reaches 29-29, the first
to get their 30th point wins.

Change of ends in badminton

In badminton, players are required to change ends
under specific conditions. They should change ends
at the conclusion of the first game. If a third

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 game is required, they should also change ends at
the end of the second game. In the third game, the
change of ends occurs when one side reaches a score
of 11 points.

Winning a point in badminton

A point is won if the birdie (shuttlecock) hits the
ground in the opponent’s half of the court,
including the lines.
A point can therefore be conceded if a shot goes
outside the court boundaries, if the birdie hits the
net or passes through/under it, or if a player strikes
the birdie twice with their racket.
Players must wait for the birdie to cross the net before
playing a shot, and while you can follow through over it,
touching the net with your body or racket results in a
point being conceded.

How to serve in badminton

The birdie must be hit below waist height, with
players serving diagonally into their opponent’s
service box. Both players must remain stationary
until the serve is made.
As per badminton singles rules, the server starts
from the right service court, and will serve from that
side every time they have an even amount of

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 points. A player serves from the left every time they
have an odd amount of points.

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 Each player will retain serve for as long as they keep
winning points.
In badminton doubles, the server will start on the
right-hand side and keep serving, while alternating
sides with their team-mate, so long as they keep
winning points.
If the receiving side takes the point, they assume
serve. Going forward, the player who did not initially
serve for each team will only assume the service once
their side has won a point as the receiving side.

Badminton court’s dimensions

In singles, a badminton court is 13.41m (44ft) long and

5.18m (17ft) wide. The width extends to 6.1m (20ft) in
doubles.
The net is 1.55m (5ft 1in) high at the ends and
1.52m high (5ft) where it dips in the middle.

A serve must pass the short service line, which is

1.98m (6.5ft) from the net.

Beyond the short service line, there is a line which runs

down the middle to split the left and right service
courts. There is also a doubles service line 0.76m (2.5ft)
in from the baseline.
That means each service court (four in total) is

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 3.96m (13ft) long and 2.59m (8.5ft) wide.

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 The badminton birdie (Shuttlecock)
The birdie, also referred to as the shuttlecock, is
badminton’s unique ‘ball’.
The cone-shaped projectile is formed using feathers
or a synthetic material which are attached to a cork
or rubber base.
The birdie’s shape means it will always fly cork- first
once struck, and remain so until hit again.
Made up of 16 feathers, the birdie is between 62-
70mm long and weigh between 4.74 and 5.5g. The
tip of the feathers should create a circle with a
diameter from 58-62mm, with the cork/rubber base
25-28mm in diameter and rounded at the bottom.

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 The badminton racket

A typical racket length is between 665m to 675mm,

and should not exceed 680mm. A racket with
length between 674mm to 680mm is sometimes
labelled as extra long racket, because a lot of
rackets are around 665-670mm in length.

A longer racket will give you better power compared

to a shorter racket. The reason for this is due to the
law of physics, analogous to when you are sweeping
floor with a broom. You definitely use less strength
with a long broom, compared to a shorter one.
However a longer racket will hurt the
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 maneuverability of the racket a little. To experience
this, try holding a racket closer to the racket cone
(the triangle intersection where the grip meets the
racket shaft) and flick the racket

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 around. Then try repeating this by holding the racket
far lower to the grip, to simulate a longer racket. You
will feel that it’s harder to flick the racket this time.

It is not really too important to consider the racket

length when you choose a badminton racket, but
sometimes, the slight extra in the racket length
might help increasing the power relatively.
However do remember that the extra length will
hurt the racket maneuverability to a certain extent.
As a general tip, any racket within the length of
665 to 675mm will normally serve you well.

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 Rules and Regulations

Badminton has many intricate rules and regulations.

The Badminton World Federation has done a
thorough job of compiling these rules and laying
them out in an organized manner for you to learn.
Check them out along with their vocabulary and
simplified badminton rules below.
Below are some basic rules you need to know:

 A match consists of the best of three games to

21 points
 Every time there is a serve, one point is scored
 If the score is 20-20, the individual or team
must win by two points to win the game
 In terms of serving, at the beginning of the game
when the score is 0-0 or if the server’s score is
even, they will serve from the right service court.
However, when the server’s score is odd, they will
serve from the left service court.
 The rally is over once the birdie contacts the
floor, does not return over the net, or lands
outside the court lines.

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 Skills

1. Grip

With badminton, like in any racquet sport, a correct grip is

vital. One of the most basic skills of the game of badminton,
the perfect grip will give you better control and enable you
to direct where your shot lands.
Depending on whether your stroke is forehand or
backhand, there are different methods to hold a
badminton racquet. For instance, you might use:
Forehand grip: Anything on the racquet side (right side for
right-handed players, left side for left- handed players),
whether overarm or underarm.
Backhand grip: Anything to the non-racket side (left side if
right-handed, right side if left-handed), whether overarm or
underarm.
Universal grip: A style of backhand grip in which the thumb
has been shifted to the edge of the grips broader face. This
is used for backhand cross-court net strokes, backhand
clears, and backhand straight drop shots from behind the
net.
Panhandle grip: When you pinch the top of the racket with
your thumb and index finger in order to tap/net-kill the
oncoming shuttlecock.

2. The Serve

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 In badminton, service or a serve is an additional required
ability. A strong serve is likely to earn you

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 points and it may give you an edge during the rally. In
badminton, there are two different kinds of serves:

(i) High Serve : A strong high serve can always rescue

you from an opponents smash.
(ii) Low Serve : The low serve is used to advance the
opponent by hitting the shuttlecock to the front of
the court. If you execute an excellent low serve, your
opposition will be compelled to sprint forward and
under the shuttle in order to return it. Depending on
the nature of the return, you may be able to counter
the shot with a net kill/smash.

3. Footwork

Another important badminton basic skill for beginners is

footwork. You must continuously adapt your pace to that
of the shuttlecock. Due to the little space available to the
players, excellent footwork is important. You will be able to
preserve energy and confront shots coming from any
direction if you use appropriate footwork.

4. Stance

In badminton, the stance is an essential skill for returning

an oppositions strokes. You will be able to efficiently return
your oppositions shots and gain an advantage in rallies if
you maintain the correct posture. There are three basic
stances in badminton:
Defensive Stance: You may defend against impacts by
adopting a defensive stance. Assume a defensive stance by

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 facing the net with your body and racquet at around waist
level. Due to the fact that you’ll need to make a snap
decision when returning the shot, you can also use this
position to execute a high clearance. To gain time while
being in the defensive posture, you might do a lift.

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 This time will let you restore your posture and prepare for
your opponent’s answer. Lifts permit an opponent to
respond with a smash, although this does not render them
in effective.
Attacking Stance: The attacking stance allows you to
counter an opponent’s short or high lift. To use the
attacking posture, attempt to position yourself behind the
shuttlecock, elevate your arm, shift your body weight to the
racquet leg, and smash the shuttlecock. You may also send
a drop shot using the offensive posture, depending on the
opponent’s stroke. When hitting the shuttlecock from the
front or back of the court, drop shots may be used.
Net Stance: The net stance is used to return an opponent’s
stroke after delivering a net shot in badminton. Position
your racquet foot in front of your other foot. For the net
posture, position the racquet just above your waist in front
of your torso. Utilizing a tumbling net shot is one method
for achieving the net stance. The falling net stroke causes
the shuttlecock to tumble and spin directly over the net
and into the opposing court. After sending a falling net
shot, your body will assume the net stance spontaneously.
Equip to conduct a net move to an attacking posture in
order to perform a winning smash while in the net stance.
5. Strokes

Strokes are crucial to being a proficient badminton p l a y e r

and to completing excellent shots. In fact, Suraj Shinde, a
partner at Spolto and a renowned badminton coach, pays
special attention to ensuring his students are able to
perfect strokes through various badminton drills like
shuttle shadow and racket shadow. Generally speaking,
there are two primary types of strokes:
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 Forehand: You must play forehand shots when the
shuttlecock is on your racquet side. Your index finger will
direct the forehand stroke as you move overarm or
underarm. To play a forehand stroke, swing the wrist
while using the index finger as assistance.
Backhand: Backhand strokes must be executed with the
shuttlecock on the non-racket side, while the thumb
controls the strokes. Your light grip would let you easily
swap between both the forehand and grips when playing
badminton. To execute a backhand stroke, place the back
of your hand in front of the racquet then swing your wrist
forward while supporting it with your thumb.

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 Important Tournaments and
Awards
Padma Bhushan

PADMA BHUSHAN

Type: Civilian

Category: National

Instituted: 1954

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 The Padma Bhushan is the third highest civilian award in the
Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna and the Padma
Vibhushan, but comes before the Padma Shri.
It is awarded to citizens of India to recognize their distinguished
contribution in various spheres of activity including the Arts,
Education, Industry, Literature, Science, Sports, Medicine,
Social Service and Public Affairs.
The award was established on 2 January 1954 by the President
of India. It is awarded to recognize distinguished service of a
high order to the nation, in any field.

Padma Shri

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 PADMA SHRI

Type: Civilian

Category: National

Instituted: 1954

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Padma Shri (also Padmashree) is the fourth highest civilian award
in the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma
Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. It is awarded by the
Government of India.
It is awarded to citizens of India to recognize their distinguished
contribution in various spheres of activity including the Arts,
Education, Industry, Literature, Science, Sports, Medicine, Social
Service and Public Affairs.

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 Players

SAINA NEHWAL : (born 17 March 1990)

is an Indian badminton player. A former world no. 1, she
has won 24 international titles, including ten Super Series
titles. Although she reached the world no. 2 ranking in
2009, it was only in 2015 that she attained the world no. 1
ranking, becoming the only female player from India and
the second Indian player—after Prakash Padukone—to
achieve this feat. She has represented India three times in
the Olympics, winning a bronze medal in her second
appearance at London 2012.

Nehwal has achieved several milestones in badminton for

India. She is the only Indian to have won at least one medal
in every BWF major individual event, namely the
Olympics, the BWF World Championships, and the BWF
World Junior Championships. She is the first Indian
badminton player to win an Olympic medal, the first Indian
to reach the final of the BWF World Championships, and
the first Indian to win the BWF World Junior
Championships.

In 2006, Nehwal became the first Indian female and the

youngest Asian to win a 4-star tournament. She is also the
first Indian to win a Super Series title. In the 2014 Uber
Cup, she captained the Indian team and remained
undefeated, helping India win its first-ever Uber Cup
bronze medal. Nehwal also became the first Indian to win

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 two singles gold medals (2010 and 2018) at the
Commonwealth Games.

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 P V SINDHU : Pusarla Venkata Sindhu, popularly known
as PV Sindhu, (born 5 July 1995) is an Indian badminton
player. Considered one of Indias most successful
sportspersons, Sindhu has won medals at various
tournaments such as the Olympics and on the BWF
circuit, including a gold at the 2019 World
Championships. She is the first and only Indian to
become the badminton world champion and only the
second individual athlete from India to win two
consecutive medals at the Olympic Games. She rose to a
career-high world ranking of No. 2 in April 2017.
Sindhu broke into the top 20 of the BWF World Rankings
in September 2012, at the age of 17. She has won a total
of five medals at the BWF World Championships and is
only the second woman after Chinas Zhang Ning ever to
win five or more singles medals in the competition. She
represented India at the 2016 Rio Olympics, where she
became the first Indian badminton player to reach the
Olympic final. She won the silver medal after losing
out to Spain’s Carolina Marín. She made her second
consecutive Olympic appearance at the 2020 Tokyo
Olympics and won a bronze medal, becoming the first-
ever Indian woman to win two Olympic medals.

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 PARUPALLI KASHYAP : (born 8 September 1986) is
an Indian former badminton player. A former
World No. 6, he is a coach at Gopichand Badminton
Academy. He was awarded the Arjuna Award in
2012.
He became the first male player from India to
reach the quarter-finals of men’s singles at the
2012 London Olympics. At the 2014 Glasgow
Commonwealth Games, he won the gold medal
in men’s singles. Kashyap was the Icon Player
for the Indian Badminton League team, Banga
Beats in the 2013 edition. He was awarded the
Arjuna Award in 2012. He became the first male
player from India to reach the quarter-finals of
men’s singles at the 2012 London Olympics. At
the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games, he
won the gold medal in men’s singles.

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PRAKASH PADUKONE : (born 10 June 1955) is an Indian
former badminton player. He was ranked World No. 1 in
1980; the same year he became the first Indian to win
the All England Open Badminton Championships. He
was awarded the Arjuna award in 1972 and the Padma
Shri in 1982 by the Government of India. He is one of
the co-founders of Olympic Gold Quest, a foundation
dedicated to the promotion of Olympic sports in India
Prakash was initiated into the game by his father
Ramesh Padukone, who was the Secretary of Mysore
Badminton Association for many years.
Padukone's first official tournament was
the Karnataka state junior championship in 1962,
which he lost in the very first round. However, two years
later he managed to win the state junior title. He
changed his playing style to a more aggressive one in
1971, and won the Indian national junior title in 1972.
He also won the senior title the same year. He won the
national title consecutively for the next seven years. In
1978, he won his first major international title, the men's
singles gold medal at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in
Edmonton, Canada. In 1979, he won the "Evening of
Champions" at the Royal Albert Hall, London.
In 1980, he won the Danish Open, the Swedish
Open and became the first Indian to win the men's
singles title at the All England Championship with a
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victory over Indonesia's Liem Swie King, who was one of
the world's leading singles players of his era. Padukone
spent much of his international career training
in Denmark, and developed close friendships with
European players such as Morten Frost.

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KIDAMBI SRIKANTH : (born 10 June 1955)
is an Indian badminton player who achieved the World
No. 1 ranking in April 2018, becoming the second Indian
male shuttler to reach this milestone. He is the first Indian
to win four Super series titles in a single year (2017).
Kidambi has been awarded the Padma Shri in 2018 and
the Arjuna Award in 2015 by the Government of India for
his contributions to Indian badminton.
Born in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, Kidambi was introduced
to badminton by his elder brother, Nandagopal Kidambi,
who is also a professional badminton player. He started
training at the Pullela Gopichand Badminton Academy in
Hyderabad, where he refined his skills under the guidance
of coach Pullela Gopichand.
Kidambi's breakthrough came in 2014 when he became
the first Indian male player to win a Super series Premier
title by defeating Lin Dan in the final of the China Open. In
2015, he won the India Open Super series, followed by
consistent performances in international tournaments.
His most remarkable season was 2017, during which he
clinched four Super series titles—the Indonesia Open,
Australian Open, Denmark Open, and French Open—
establishing himself as one of the world's elite players.

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In 2021, Kidambi created history as the first Indian male
shuttler to reach the final of the BWF World
Championships, securing a silver medal. Known for his
aggressive playing style and adaptability on the court,
Kidambi continues to inspire young badminton players in
India with his achievements and dedication to the sport.

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 Bibliography

https://www.teachpe.com/sports-coaching/badminton/court-
dimensions

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Frackonnect.com%2Fb
adminton-court-
measurements%2F&psig=AOvVaw0EnBcJeuqyup2muSfPtO6C&ust=1734005938
491000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBcQjhxqFwoTCJisktLZ
n4oDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

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