Unit 2
Maintenance of Electrical Equipments
*Advantages of preventive maintenance -
1) A well planned scheme will prevent minor faults from developing into major breakdowns.
2) A good maintenance scheme will consist of a log book in the form of a card index on
which the information about the machine data will be entered i.e. Maker name, type of
machine, job for which used, kind of supply, normal current, speed, number of poles.
3) Resistance of windings, connections of winding, weight of motor etc.
4) The information regarding control gear is also recorded in card, which will give size of
fuses, overload relay setting, current taken by voltage coil etc.
5) In order part of index card the previous history is recorded, in which data and nature of
repairs carried out on the machine.
* Factors affecting preventive maintenance schedule--
1) The preventive maintenance schedule of a machine is influenced by the factors of the
working condition of the industry. Sometimes complete maintenance maybe necessary if
the production requirement needs that the machine maybe kept running to complete the
production quota.
2) Some industry find heavy load during particular period of year and during other period
they are lightly loaded, during which maintenance can be carried out.
3) Sometimes the cost of maintenance schedule is more than the cost of replacement of
new machine. Hence, if a replacement is available that will affect on the schedule of
maintenance.
4) The position of the machine in the plant, i.e. whether one can easily carried out the
maintenance or not? Will it affect on maintenance schedule?
5) The age of machine will also affect on the maintenance schedule, because it's cost maybe
so reduced due to long use, repair cost maybe more than replacement of new machine.
Factor affecting maintenance schedule can be listed as follow-
i) Mode of operation of the plant.
ii) Cost of plant outage due to failure against the cost of maintenance.
iii) Consequences of outage.
iv) Cost of standby machine or equipment.
* Preventive maintenance schedule of distribution transformer as per IS
10028-1981:-
Maintenance schedule up to 1000 kVA transformer:-
Sr. Inspection Inspected Inspection notes Action required
No. Frequency
1. hourly Current, voltage and Check against rated Start fans if necessary
temperature value
2. Daily Dehydrating Breather Check that air If silica gel is pink, the
passage is clear, old may be used by
check colour of active changing new one of
agent. blue colour.
3. Monthly Oil level in transformer Check transformer oil If low, pop up with dry
level oil & check any leaks.
4. Quarterly Bushings Examine for cracks Clean and replace
and dirt deposits.
5. Half yearly No Conservator Check for moisture Improve ventilation,
under cover. check oil.
6. Yearly Oil in transformer Check for dielectric Take suitable action to
strength and water restore quality of oil.
content, check for
acidity and sludge.
7. Yearly Earth resistance ----- Take suitable action if
earth resistance is high
8. Yearly Relay, alarm, either Examine relay and Clean the components
circuits etc. alarm contacts, their and replace contacts
operation, fuses etc. and Fuses if necessary.
Change the setting if
necessary.
*Maintenance schedule of 1-phase/ 3-phase induction motor ( IS 900-1992)
It may be divided into following categories:-
1) Daily maintenance:-
a) Earth connection should be checked for its continuity.
b) load on the motor should checked by ammeter reading on input side.
c) temperature of motor, which can be checked by thermometer provided.
d) in case of oil lubricated bearings, see that the oil is feed properly by oil rings.
2) Weekly maintenance:-
a) Belt tension in case of belt driven system, on motor is checked and if found in excess
heat should be reduced.
b) Dust is blown out by suitable blower from windings if the motor are situated in the dusty
area.
c) Contacts of starting equipment.
3) Monthly maintenance:-
a) Overhaul controls.
b) Renew oil in high speed bearings in damp and dusty location.
c) Check brush holder and bending of brushes of slip ring I.M.
4) Half yearly maintenance:-
a) Cleaning of windings of motors subjected to corrosion, also varnishing if necessary.
b) Check slip rings for unusual wearing.
c) Check Greece in ball bearings and feel it of if necessary by grease.
5) Annual maintenance:-
a) Check high speed bearings and renew if necessary.
b) Blowout all windings of motor completely with clean dry air at suitable pressure.
c) Clean and varnish dirty and oily windings.
d) Overhaul motors subjected to severe operating conditions.
* Maintenance schedule of synchronous 3-phase alternator/ motor:-
Period Component Operations
Monthly i) bearings ball and i) make sure that Greece or oil is not leaking out of
roller the bearing housing
ii) check the noise of bearings replace those which
make noise.
iii) check oil level and colour of oil.
ii) brushes i) check length of brushes, if warn out replace.
iii) commutation i) check the commutator for roughness. Check dust
and wear.
iv) air filters i) replace when necessary blocked filters cause
overheating.
Half yearly i) bearing ball and i) listen to all bearings, pull back bearing cap to
roller inspect grease condition.
ii) insulation Measure 1 minute and 10 minute insulation
resistance, remove heavy deposits from around
field coil connections. Blow deposits out with clean
dry air. Make visual inspection for signs of
overheating.
iii) mechanical bolts Check all electrical connections for lightness look
for signs of poor connections that is arcing , heat
etc.
iv) shaft Check corners of exposed end of sharp key way for
cracks due to extreme torsion.
v) ventilation Check for blocked screens, filters etc.
Yearly Bearing, sleeve Drain housings, remove top half of bearing to
inspect bearing surface and rings. If excessive wear
is found in bottom of housing, pull out bottom half
of bearing for inspection, clean if necessary.
