Unit 2
Maintenance of Electrical Equipments
*Advantages of preventive maintenance -
1) A well planned scheme will prevent minor faults from developing into major breakdowns.
2) A good maintenance scheme will consist of a log book in the form of a card index on
which the information about the machine data will be entered i.e. Maker name, type of
machine, job for which used, kind of supply, normal current, speed, number of poles.
3) Resistance of windings, connections of winding, weight of motor etc.
4) The information regarding control gear is also recorded in card, which will give size of
fuses, overload relay setting, current taken by voltage coil etc.
5) In order part of index card the previous history is recorded, in which data and nature of
repairs carried out on the machine.
* Factors affecting preventive maintenance schedule--
1) The preventive maintenance schedule of a machine is influenced by the factors of the
working condition of the industry. Sometimes complete maintenance maybe necessary if
the production requirement needs that the machine maybe kept running to complete the
production quota.
2) Some industry find heavy load during particular period of year and during other period
they are lightly loaded, during which maintenance can be carried out.
3) Sometimes the cost of maintenance schedule is more than the cost of replacement of
new machine. Hence, if a replacement is available that will affect on the schedule of
maintenance.
4) The position of the machine in the plant, i.e. whether one can easily carried out the
maintenance or not? Will it affect on maintenance schedule?
5) The age of machine will also affect on the maintenance schedule, because it's cost maybe
so reduced due to long use, repair cost maybe more than replacement of new machine.
Factor affecting maintenance schedule can be listed as follow-
i) Mode of operation of the plant.
ii) Cost of plant outage due to failure against the cost of maintenance.
iii) Consequences of outage.
iv) Cost of standby machine or equipment.
* Preventive maintenance schedule of distribution transformer as per IS
10028-1981:-
Maintenance schedule up to 1000 kVA transformer:-
Sr. Inspection Inspected Inspection notes Action required
No. Frequency
1. hourly Current, voltage and Check against rated Start fans if necessary
temperature value
2. Daily Dehydrating Breather Check that air If silica gel is pink, the
passage is clear, old may be used by
check colour of active changing new one of
agent. blue colour.
3. Monthly Oil level in transformer Check transformer oil If low, pop up with dry
level oil & check any leaks.
4. Quarterly Bushings Examine for cracks Clean and replace
and dirt deposits.
5. Half yearly No Conservator Check for moisture Improve ventilation,
under cover. check oil.
6. Yearly Oil in transformer Check for dielectric Take suitable action to
strength and water restore quality of oil.
content, check for
acidity and sludge.
7. Yearly Earth resistance ----- Take suitable action if
earth resistance is high
8. Yearly Relay, alarm, either Examine relay and Clean the components
circuits etc. alarm contacts, their and replace contacts
operation, fuses etc. and Fuses if necessary.
Change the setting if
necessary.
