EEP3010: Communication Systems Lab
Experiment #1
To study amplitude modulation (AM) and demodulation.
EEP3010: Communication Systems Lab
Experiment # 1
Purpose: To study the amplitude modulation (AM) and demodulation.
Equipment Required:
I. N9010A Signal Analyzer/89601
II. AFG3021B Function Generator (2 sets)
III. DPO2024 Oscilloscope, 200 MHz
IV. AM trainer kit (Vinytics CT AM)
Accessories Required:
I. BNC(m)-to-BNC(m) coaxial cable
II. SMA(m)-to-BNC(m) coaxial cable
III. SMA(m)-to-SMA(m) coaxial cable
IV. Connecting Chords
⮚ AM TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS
Procedure:
Figure 1.1 Connection diagram of AM modulator
1. Make the connections as per Fig. 1.1.
EEP3010: Communication Systems Lab
2. Switch on the AM trainer kit.
3. Generate a message signal (𝐴𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡) ) of peak-to-peak amplitude = 10 volt and
frequency = 3.5 kHz.
4. Observe the input message (𝐴𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡) ) at the output of the Function Generator
Section as shown in Fig. 1.1.
5. The modulating signal frequency and amplitude can be changed by tuning the
potentiometer marked as “Amplitude” and “Frequency” in the Function Generator
Section as shown in Fig. 1.1.
6. Generate the carrier signal having peak-to-peak amplitude = 2.5 volt from the Carrier
Signal Generator Section as shown in Fig. 1.1.
7. Observe the carrier output at the socket marked as 60 kHz of the Carrier Signal Generator
Section as shown in Fig. 1.1.
8. Observe the AM modulated signal at DSB-SC O/P of the AM Modulator Section
simultaneously with the modulating signal at the O/P of Function Generator Section on
DSO.
9. Vary the amplitude of the Sine wave function generator section (changing the amplitude
of the message signal) and observe the effect on the modulated signal on DSO.
10. Vary the potentiometer marked as “Modulation” of “AM modulator Section” (as shown
in Fig. 1.1.) and observe the effect of the depth/percent on AM modulation.
11. The proper reception of the modulated signal also depends upon the proper tuning of the
potentiometer, i.e., amplitude and frequency knobs of the Function Generator Section,
etc. Students need to tune these potentiometers properly until the modulated signal is
achieved.
12. Adjust the setting of DSO to obtain the desired results.
⮚ Calculation of the sensitivity factor of AM trainer kit
1. Set the amplitude of the modulating signal (𝐴𝑚 ), carrier(𝐴𝑐 ), and potentiometer parameter
(𝐾𝑎 ) such that the AM modulator output is critically modulated (𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 (𝜇 =
1)). We know the relation between modulating signal amplitude (𝐴𝑚 ) and sensitivity
factor (𝐾𝑎 ).
𝜇 = 𝐾𝑎 𝐴𝑚
2. Again set another combination of 𝐴𝑚 , 𝐴𝑐 , and 𝐾𝑎 to obtain critical modulation.
3. Further, calculate and verify the value of the potentiometer (𝐾𝑎 ).
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EEP3010: Communication Systems Lab
OBSERVATIONS:
Modulation Parameters:
Modulation 𝐴𝑚 𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝜇=
type 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛
Under
modulation
Critical
modulation
Over
modulation
⮚ AM DEMODULATION
Figure 1.2 Connection diagram for amplitude demodulation
1. Make the connections as per Fig. 1.2.
2. Observe the AM demodulated signal at AM O/P of the Demodulator Section
simultaneously with the modulating signal at the O/P of the Function Generator
Section on DSO.
3. Vary the amplitude of the Sine wave in the Function Generator Section and
observe the effect on DSO.
EEP3010: Communication Systems Lab
4. Take the DSO display snapshot after each reading of the message signal, carrier
signal, and AM signal with different modulation indexes.
Note:
a) Proper reception of the demodulated signal also depends upon the proper tuning
of the potentiometer, i.e., amplitude and frequency knobs of the Function
Generator Section, etc. Students need to tune these potentiometers properly
till the actual demodulated signal is achieved.
b) Adjust the setting of DSO to obtain the desired results.
⮚ AM FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS
Signal Analyzer
Modulated signal in
Frequency Domain
Figure 1.3 Connection diagram of AM for frequency domain analysis.
1. In the Function Generator (shown in Fig. 1.3), select the continuous button
modulating signal type (Sine, Rectangular, Ramp, etc.) and further set amplitude
and frequency of the modulating signal.
2. Take the output (OUT) of the Function Generator acting as the modulating signal
(Sine, Ramp, Rectangular etc.) and connect to the function generator labeled as
EEP3010: Communication Systems Lab
Modulator with Carrier Signal Generator (as shown in Fig. 1.3) in the backside
port labeled as Ext. modulation.
3. Next, in the Modulator with Carrier Signal Generator (as shown in Fig. 1.3)
select Modulation button (AM/FM/PM/FSK)select External inputSine
function (set carrier frequency and amplitude) modulation depth (%).
4. Further, connect the output (OUT) of the Modulator with Carrier Signal
Generator to the DSO for time domain observation as shown in Fig. 1.3.
5. Observe the modulation type (under/critical/over) by changing the modulation
depth of Modulator with Carrier Signal Generator.
6. For the frequency domain analysis connect the output of the block labeled as
Modulator with carrier signal generator to the Signal Analyzer as shown in
Fig. 1.3.
7. Set all the parameters such as center frequency, span, resolution bandwidth, video
bandwidth, marker, etc. of the Signal Analyzer and observe the modulated signal
spectrum in the Signal Analyzer.
8. Take the snapshot of the signal analyzer display for the lab report.
