MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF EEE
UNIT-3
Exception Handling
The exception handling in java is one of the powerful mechanism to handle the runtime
errors so that normal flow of the application can bemaintained.
What is exception
In java, exception is an event that disrupts the normal flow of the program. It is an object which
is thrown at runtime.
Advantage of Exception Handling
The core advantage of exception handling is to maintain the normal flow of the application.
Exception normally disrupts the normal flow of the application that is why we use exception
handling.
Types of Exception
There are mainly two types of exceptions: checked and unchecked where error is considered as
unchecked exception. The sun microsystem says there are three types of exceptions:
1. CheckedException
2. UncheckedException
3. Error
Difference between checked and unchecked exceptions
1) Checked Exception: The classes that extend Throwable class except RuntimeException and Error
are known as checked exceptions e.g.IOException, SQLException etc. Checked exceptions are checked
atcompile-time.
2) Unchecked Exception: The classes that extend RuntimeException are known as unchecked
exceptions e.g. ArithmeticException, NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException etc.
Unchecked exceptions are not checked at compile-time rather they are checkedatruntime.
3) Error: Error is irrecoverable e.g. OutOfMemoryError, VirtualMachineError, AssertionErroretc.
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Hierarchy of Java Exception classes
Checked and UnChecked Exceptions
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Java try block
Java try block is used to enclose the code that might throw an exception. It must be used within
the method.
Java try block must be followed by either catch or finally block.
Syntax of java try-catch
1. try{
2. //code that may throwexception
3. }catch(Exception_class_Name
ref){}Syntax of try-finallyblock
1. try{
2. //code that may throwexception
3. }finally{}
Java catch block
Java catch block is used to handle the Exception. It must be used after the try block only.
You can use multiple catch block with a single try.
Problem without exception handling
Let's try to understand the problem if we don't use try-catch block.
public class Testtrycatch1{
public static void main(String args[]){
int data=50/0;//may throw exception
System.out.println("rest of
thecode...");
}}
Output:
Exception in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:/ byzero
As displayed in the above example, rest of the code is not executed (in such case, rest of the
code... statement is not printed).
There can be 100 lines of code after exception. So all the code after exception will not be
executed.
Solution by exception handling
Let's see the solution of above problem by java try-catch block.
public class Testtrycatch2{
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public static void main(String args[]){
try{
intdata=50/0;
}catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println(e);}
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}}
1. Output:
Exception in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:/ by
zero rest of the code...
Now, as displayed in the above example, rest of the code is executed i.e. rest of the code...
statement is printed.
Java Multi catch block
If you have to perform different tasks at the occurrence of different Exceptions, use java multi
catch block.
Let's see a simple example of java multi-catch block.
1. public classTestMultipleCatchBlock{
2. public static void main(Stringargs[]){
3. try{
4. inta[]=new int[5];
5. a[5]=30/0;
6. }
7. catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println("task1 iscompleted");}
8. catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){System.out.println("task 2 completed");
9. }
10. catch(Exception e){System.out.println("common taskcompleted");
11. }
12. System.out.println("rest of the code...");
13. } }
Output:task1 completed
rest of the code...
Java nested try example
Let's see a simple example of java nested try block.
classExcep6{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{t
ry{
System.out.println("going to divide");
intb =39/0;
}catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println(e);}
try{
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inta[]=new int[5];
a[5]=4;
}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){System.out.println(e);}
System.out.println("other statement);
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println("handeled");}
System.out.println("normal flow..");
}
1. }
Java finally block
Java finally block is a block that is used to execute important code such as closing connection,
stream etc.
Java finally block is always executed whether exception is handled or not.
Java finally block follows try or catch block.
Usage of Java finally
Case 1
Let's see the java finally example where exception doesn't occur.
classTestFinallyBlock{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{ intdata=25/
5;
System.out.println(data);
}
catch(NullPointerException e){System.out.println(e);}
finally{System.out.println("finally block is always executed");}
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}
Output:5
finally block is always executed
rest of the code...
Java throw keyword
The Java throw keyword is used to explicitly throw an exception.
We can throw either checked or uncheked exception in java by throw keyword. The throw
keyword is mainly used to throw custom exception. We will see custom exceptions later.
The syntax of java throw keyword is given below.
1. throwexception;
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Java throw keyword example
In this example, we have created the validate method that takes integer value as a parameter. If
the age is less than 18, we are throwing the ArithmeticException otherwise print a message
welcome to vote.
1. public class TestThrow1{
static void validate(int age){
if(age<18)
throw new ArithmeticException("not valid");
else
System.out.println("welcome to vote");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
validate(13);
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}}
Output:
Exception in thread main java.lang.ArithmeticException:notvalid
Java throws keyword
The Java throws keyword is used to declare an exception. It gives an information to the
programmer that there may occur an exception so it is better for the programmer to provide the
exception handling code so that normal flow can be maintained.
Exception Handling is mainly used to handle the checked exceptions. If there occurs any
unchecked exception such as NullPointerException, it is programmers fault that he is not
performing check up before the code being used.
Syntax of java throws
1. return_type method_name() throwsexception_class_name{
2. //method
code3. }
4.
Java throws example
Let's see the example of java throws clause which describes that checked exceptions can be
propagated by throws keyword.
importjava.io.IOException;
classTestthrows1{ voidm()thro
ws IOException{
throw new IOException("device error");//checked exception
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}
voidn()throws IOException{
m();
}
voidp(){
try{ n(
);
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println("exception handled");}
}
public static void main(String args[])
{ Testthrows1 obj=new Testthrows1();
obj.p();
System.out.println("normal flow..."); } }
Output:
exception handled
normal flow...
Java Custom Exception
If you are creating your own Exception that is known as custom exception or user-defined
exception. Java custom exceptions are used to customize the exception according to user need.
By the help of custom exception, you can have your own exception and message.
Let's see a simple example of java custom exception.
classInvalidAgeException extends
Exception{ InvalidAgeException(String s){
super(s);
}}
classTestCustomException1{
static void validate(int age)throws InvalidAgeException{
if(age<18)
throw new InvalidAgeException("not valid");
else
System.out.println("welcome to vote");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
try{ validate(13
);
}catch(Exception m){System.out.println("Exception occured: "+m);}
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}}
Output:Exception occured: InvalidAgeException:not valid rest of the code...
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