C2 (C2.1- C2.

4) Review- Self Test

PLANT STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, & CONTROL

SYSTEMS Vocabulary Check

After you have completed this unit, you should be able to define or explain each of the
following terms.

organelle plasma membrane cytoplasm nucleus nucleolus ribosome lysosome endoplasmic

reticulum mitochondria Golgi apparatus vacuole cell wall chloroplast smooth endoplasmic
reticulum facilitated diffusion rough endoplasmic reticulum diffusion concentrated gradient
active transport passive transport osmosis hypertonic hypotonic isotonic carrier proteins channel
proteins reverse osmosis exocytosis endocytosis selectively permeable

If you have trouble with any of the following questions, please consult a
teacher for an explanation.

C2 (C2.1- C2.4) Review- Self Test

1. A system that is able to exchange matter and energy with its surroundings is called a
(n) A. basic system
B. open system
C. free system
D. empty system

2. Which statement is true for both plant and animal cells?

A. They have a cell wall.
B. They have chloroplasts.
C. They have a Golgi apparatus.
D. They have centrioles.

3. The solvent that provides the environment for all biological reactions
is A. water
B. cytoplasm
C. nucleic acid
D. oxygen

4. The cell membrane consists of

A. two layers of lipids, each with a phosphate group attached
B. sugar molecules attached to a protein layer
C. two layers of carbohydrates attached to a lipid layer
D. a single layer of lipids with a phosphate group attached on each side

5. Another name for the cell membrane is

A. phospholipid bilayer membrane
B. fluid-mosaic membrane
C. lipid membrane
D. plasma membrane

6. Membrane-bound sacs in which digestion occurs are called

A. lysosomes
B. ribosomes
C. mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
7. Rod-like structures where reactions occur to convert chemical energy in sugars into energy the
cell can use are called
A. lysosomes
B. ribosomes
C. mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus

8. Which part of the cell receives substances from the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them
for transport out of the cell?
A. lysosomes
B. ribosomes
C. mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus

9. The movement of water across a cell membrane that does not require energy is
called A. osmosis
B. hypertonic diffusion
C. facilitated diffusion
D. active transport

10. Match each description or function with the correct structure or term from the following
list: i. cytoplasm ii. cell membrane iii. endoplasmic reticulum iv. chloroplast v. lysosome vi.
central vacuole vii. nucleus viii. lipid ix. equilibrium

_________ a. a series of small interconnected tubes that branch from the nuclear
envelope
_________ b. an organelle that contains the genetic material of the cell and directs all
cell activities
_________ c. a structure containing chlorophyll found in plants and some protists
_________ d. a large, membrane-bound structure in a plant cell that causes the cell to
become turgid when filled with water
_________ e. a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane that contains the nutrients
required by cells
_________ f. a protective barrier for the cell

11. Which factor determines whether movement across a cell membrane is active transport or
passive transport?
A. energy use
B. direction of movement
C. the concentration of solutes
D. the type of molecule or particle involved
12. A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of
A. osmosis
B. exocytosis
C. endocytosis
D. facilitated diffusion

13. A membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through is a

A. porous membrane
B. transparent membrane
C. impermeable membrane
D. semi-permeable membrane

14. Which method allows the cell to move particles against the concentration
gradient? A. osmosis
B. hypotonic diffusion
C. facilitated diffusion
D. active transport

Use the following information to answer the questions 15 & 16. The glucose and starch
solutions are in the dialysis tubing, which is acting as a semipermeable membrane.
15. The water outside of the dialysis tubing is ________ relative to the glucose solution inside
the tubing.
A. osmotic
B. hypertonic
C. isotonic
D. hypotonic
16. What will happen in Beaker B?
A. Nothing will happen.
B. Starch will move from inside the dialysis tubing into the water.
C. Starch will move into the dialysis tubing.
D. Water will move into the dialysis tubing.

17. You can check if starch moves across the membrane by performing
A. an iodine test on the starch solution inside the membrane
B. an iodine test on the water outside the membrane
C. a glucose test on the water outside the membrane
D. a glucose test on the starch solution inside the membrane

18. Substances soluble in lipids can pass through the cell membrane by
A. diffusion
B. facilitated diffusion
C. active transport
D. attaching to carrier proteins
19. A hen’s egg with the shell dissolved is placed in a 10% salt solution.
Relative to the interior of the egg, the salt solution is more concentrated. Thus it is said to be:
A. hypotonic
B. isotonic
C. hypertonic
D. semi-permeable
20. A process in which a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane then ruptures to expel wastes to
the outside of the cell is known as
A. osmosis
B. exocytosis
C. endocytosis
D. plasmolysis

21. Determine whether each statement is true (T) or false (F).

____________ a. When a cell is put into an isotonic solution, individual water molecules
cannot move back and forth across the cell membrane.
____________ b. When a cell is put into a hypertonic solution, there is a net movement of water
molecules across the cell membrane into the cell.
____________ c. When a cell is put into a hypotonic solution, there is a net movement of water
molecules across the cell membrane out of the cell.
____________ d. The movement of any solvent across a semi-permeable membrane is
called osmosis.
____________ e. Carrier proteins have the ability to change shape and physically move
molecules across the cell membrane.
____________ f. In facilitated diffusion, the concentration of the molecules to be moved into
the cell, is higher inside the cell.
eturn to page 72 of the Student Module Booklet and begin Sectio
22. Proteins that stick out of the cell membrane and allow cells to recognize other cells or
recognize foreign bodies, such as bacteria, are known as
A. synthetic proteins
B. recognition proteins
C. receptor proteins
D. model proteins

23. Future treatment for diseases, such as HIV, involves

A. the removal of receptor proteins from the cell membrane
B. blocking recognition proteins on the HIV virus
C. blocking receptor proteins in the cell membrane
D. adding recognition proteins to the cell membrane

24. Gene therapy for cancer treatment involves

A. using liposomes to deliver medication to cancer cells
B. blocking receptor proteins in the cell membranes of cancer cells
C. using liposomes to introduce DNA to cancer cells so they produce toxins D. using
liposomes to introduce DNA to healthy cells so they do not become cancerous
25. Read the following list of statements regarding insulin action in the body.
I. Insulin binds to receptor proteins.
II. Insulin is released by exocytosis.
III. Binding stimulates processes in the cell.
IV. Insulin travels through blood.

Which is the correct order of the statements?

A. I, II, III, IV
B. IV, II, I, III
C. III, I, IV, II
D. II, IV, I, III

26. Water moves from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water
concentration in
A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. reverse osmosis
D. facilitated diffusion
27. Which statement regarding hemodialysis is true?
A. The dialysate fluid flows into the abdominal cavity through a catheter.
B. The blood is circulated out of the body for cleansing and then
returned. C. The patient is able to move around during the procedure.
D. Wastes move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

28. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when

A. there is net movement of water, but not other molecules
B. there is net movement of other molecules, but not water
C. there is net movement of water and other molecules
D. there is no net movement of water or other molecules

Use the following diagram to answer the next 2 questions.

 29. Which
plant cell is in an environment that is hypotonic to the cytoplasm? a. cell I c.
cell III
b. cell II d. cell IV

30. Which plant cells are from a withered plant?

a. cells I and II c. cells III and IV b. cells II and III d. cell I only
Use the following information to answer the next questions.
Just like a strainer stops pasta from passing through because the pasta is too large, the
cell membrane prevents macromolecules from passing through because of their large
size. Ions are also prevented from passing through because they are repelled by the
membrane. A special process, called facilitated diffusion, uses transport proteins to
overcome these obstacles and allow molecules and ions to pass through the cell
membrane.

31. In facilitated diffusion, carrier proteins move

a. macromolecules down a concentration gradient
b. macromolecules up a concentration gradient
c. water down a concentration gradient
d. charged ions up a concentration gradient

32. Seaweed has a salt concentration of 5.5%. When seaweed is placed in salt water with a
concentration of 3.5%, the concentration of the salt water is __________ compared to the
cytoplasm of the seaweed.

33. To operate efficiently, a cell must

a. be large
b. have an impermeable membrane
c. have a large surface area to volume ratio
d. have a small surface area to volume ratio

34. Which of the following is true about a larger cell?

a. More wastes must leave the cell.
b. More molecules must move through the membrane.
 c. Distances from the cell membrane to various organelles are greater.
d. All of the above

35. To reduce the dependence on diffusion, multicellular organisms have

A. reduced cell size and the number of cells
B. developed thinner cell membranes
C. developed other internal transport systems
D. all of the above
36 a) Complete the following table

a) Which cell has the fastest rate of diffusion across the surface?
______________________________________________________

√End of self- test. You may now proceed to check your answers
ANSWERS TO C2 SELF-TEST (Cell
structure and Function)
1)B 4)A 7) C

2)C 5)D 8) D

3)A 6)A 9) A

10)
a. iii b. vii c. iv d. vi e. i f. ii

11) A 14) D 17)B

12) C 15) D 18)A

13) D 16) D 19)C

 20)B

21)
a. F b. F c. F d. F e. T f. F

22) B 26) C 30) D 34) D

23) C 27) B 31) A 35) C

24) C 28) D 32) hypotonic

25) D 29) B 33) C

Cell Length Width Height Surface Area Volume SA to

Number (cm) (cm) (cm) SA (cm2) V (cm3) Volume Ratio

1 6 3 2 72 36 2.00

2 12 5 2 188 120 1.57

3 20 27 10 2020 5400 0.37

Cell 1 has the fastest rate of diffusion.

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