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Discrete & Engineering Mathematics

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
219 views18 pages

Discrete & Engineering Mathematics

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER SCIENCE &

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Discrete and
Engg. Mathematics

Comprehensive Theory
with Solved Examples and Practice Questions

www.madeeasypublications.org
MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near Hauz Khas Metro
Station), New Delhi-110016 | Ph. : 9021300500
Email : infomep@madeeasy.in | Web : www.madeeasypublications.org

First Edition : 2015

Discrete & Engg. Mathematics Second Edition : 2016


Third Edition : 2017

EDITIONS
© Copyright by MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd. Fourth Edition : 2018

All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be Fifth Edition : 2019
Sixth Edition : 2020
reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system,
Seventh Edition : 2021
or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic,
Eighth Edition : 2022
mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise), Ninth Edition : 2023
without the prior written permission of the above mentioned Tenth Edition : 2024
publisher of this book.
Eleventh Edition : 2025

MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd. has taken due care


in collecting the data and providing the solutions, before
publishing this book. Inspite of this, if any inaccuracy or
printing error occurs then MADE EASY Publications Pvt.
Ltd. owes no responsibility. We will be grateful if you could
point out any such error. Your suggestions will be appreciated.
Discrete & Engg. Mathematics
CHAPTER 1 3.7 Lattice...........................................................................................73
3.8 Types of Lattices........................................................................78
Propositional Logic.................................................. 3-20 3.9 Boolean Algebra.......................................................................80
1.1 Propositional Logic; First Order Logic................................. 3
Student Assignments................................................................82
1.2 Logical Connectives or Operators........................................ 3
1.3 Well-Formed Formulas (WFFs)............................................... 8
CHAPTER 4
1.4 Normal forms of Well-Formed Formulas..........................10
1.5 Rules of Inferences for Propositional Calculus...............12 Graph Theory........................................................ 93-125
1.6 Predicate Calculus....................................................................13 4.1 Fundamental Concepts..........................................................93

1.7 Universal and Existential Quantifiers.................................14 4.2 Special Graphs...........................................................................97


4.3 Graph Representations...........................................................99
Student Assignments................................................................17
4.4 Isomorphism........................................................................... 100
4.5 Invariants of Isomorphic Graphs ..................................... 101
CHAPTER 2 4.6 Operations on Graphs.......................................................... 102
4.7 Walks, Paths and Cycles....................................................... 103
Combinatorics.........................................................21-43
4.8 Connected Graphs, Disconnected Graphs
2.1 Introduction...............................................................................21
and Components................................................................... 104
2.2 Permutations..............................................................................22
4.9 Euler Graphs............................................................................ 108
2.3 Combinations............................................................................25 4.10 Hamiltonian Graphs............................................................. 108
2.4 Binomial Identities...................................................................27 4.11 Planar Graphs.......................................................................... 109
2.5 Generating Functions.............................................................29 4.12 Trees........................................................................................... 110
2.6 Summation.................................................................................30 4.13 Enumeration of Graphs....................................................... 115

2.7 Recurrence Relations...............................................................33 Student Assignments............................................................. 122

2.8 Solving Recurrence Relations..............................................34


Student Assignments................................................................39 CHAPTER 5

Probability........................................................... 126-147
CHAPTER 3
5.1 Some Fundamental Concepts.......................................... 126

Set Theory and Algebra....................................... 44-92 5.2 Mean.......................................................................................... 130

3.1 Introduction...............................................................................44 5.3 Median...................................................................................... 131

3.2 Sets................................................................................................44 5.4 Mode and Standard Deviation......................................... 133

3.3 Relations......................................................................................49 5.5 Standard Deviation............................................................... 133

3.4 Functions.....................................................................................59 5.6 Random Variables.................................................................. 135

3.5 Equal Functions.........................................................................65 5.7 Distributions............................................................................ 135

3.6 Groups..........................................................................................65 Student Assignments............................................................. 141

iii
Discrete and Engineering Mathematics

CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7

Linear Algebra.................................................... 148-174 Calculus............................................................... 175-205


6.1 Introduction............................................................................ 148 7.1 Limit............................................................................................ 175

6.2 Special Types of Matrices.................................................... 148 7.2 Continuity................................................................................. 179

6.3 Algebra of Matrices............................................................... 149 7.3 Differentiability...................................................................... 180

6.4 Properties of Matrices.......................................................... 151 7.4 Mean Value Theorems.......................................................... 181

6.5 Determinants.......................................................................... 153 7.5 Theorems of Integral Calculus.......................................... 184

6.6 Inverse of Matrix.................................................................... 156 7.6 Methods of Integration....................................................... 184

6.7 System of Linear Equations................................................ 157 7.7 Definite Integrals................................................................... 187

6.8 Solution of System of Linear Equation by LU 7.8 Partial Derivatives.................................................................. 191

Decomposition Method (Factorisation or 7.9 Total Derivatives..................................................................... 193


Triangularisation Method).................................................. 159 7.10 Maxima and Minima (of function of a single
6.9 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.......................................... 162 independent variable)......................................................... 194
Student Assignments............................................................. 168 Student Assignments............................................................. 201

iv

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