SHRI K.J.
POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, BHARUCH
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SUBMITTED BY:
Name: Enrollment no.
DIPLOMA SEMESTER-IV
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-25
SUBJECT:- BASIC TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
(4340604)
SITE VISIT REPORT
OF
CONSTRUCTION ROAD
FOR
FORVISUAL INSPECTION
TO
IDENTIFY DEFECTS AND SUGGEST REMEDIAL
MEASURES
1
Acknowledgment
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those
who supported and guided me during the preparation
of this report on Road Defects.First and foremost, I
extend my heartfelt thanks to [Name of your
teacher/professor], [Designation], for their valuable
guidance, encouragement, and insightful feedback
throughout the project. Their expertise and suggestions
were instrumental in shaping this report.I also thank
the [Department Name, e.g., Civil Engineering
Department], [Institution Name], for providing the
necessary resources and a supportive environment to
carry out this study.Special thanks to the local
municipal authorities and field engineers who shared
their practical knowledge and allowed site visits for
better understanding of real-world road
conditions.Lastly, I appreciate the support of my friends
and family, whose motivation and help played an
important role in the successful completion of this
report.
2
Abstract
This report presents the findings of a road defect
survey conducted along [insert road name or
location]. The primary objective was to identify
and assess various types of surface and
structural defects affecting the usability and
safety of the roadway. Common defects observed
include potholes, longitudinal and transverse
cracks, rutting, edge breaks, and water logging.
Each defect was evaluated based on its severity
and extent of damage. The report includes
suggested maintenance actions such as patch
repair, crack sealing, resurfacing, and drainage
improvements. The study emphasizes the need
for timely repairs to prevent further deterioration
and ensure road safety and longe
3
Index
1. Introduction..........................
..6
2. Causes of Road
Defect............7
3. Types of Road
Defects.............8
4. Crack Defect (Case
Study).......9
5. Potholes................................
11
6. Rutting..................................
12
7. Raveling...............................
.13
8. Edge
Breaks...........................14
4
9. Detection
Method..................15
10. Repair and
Prevention............16
11. Conclusion............................
18
5
Introduction
Roads are essential for transportation
and economic development. Maintaining
the quality of roads is critical for
ensuring safety, comfort, and economic
efficiency. Road defects, if not timely
addressed, lead to accidents,
discomfort, and high repair costs.
6
Causes of Road
Defects
Poor material quality
Inadequate compaction
Poor drainage
Environmental factors (rainfall,
temperature variations)
Heavy vehicular load
Lack of timely maintenance
7
Types of Road Defects
Road defects can be broadly classified into
two categories:
Defects in Flexible Pavement
Defects in Rigid Pavement
Common defects:
Cracks
Potholes
Rutting
Raveling
Edge breaks
8
Crack Defect (Case
Study)
Location: KJ Polytechnic Road, Avdhoot
Nagar, Bharuch, Gujarat
Coordinates: 21.714392° N, 73.002706° E
Date: 21/03/2025
Observation: Longitudinal crack running
through the center of the road. Crack
widening is evident due to lack of
maintenance.
Causes:
A. shrinkage
B. Thermal expansion and contraction
C.Heavy traffic load
D. Subgrade movement
9
Solution:
Crack sealing
Overlay with asphalt layer
Full-depth repair if crack is
structural
10
Potholes
Definition: Potholes are bowl-shaped
depressions caused by the displacement of
broken asphalt pavement.
Causes:
Water infiltration
Freeze-thaw cycles
Traffic load
Remedy:
Cleaning the pothole
Filling with patching material
Compacting properly
Rutting
11
Definition: Rutting is the depression in
wheel paths.
Causes:
Inadequate pavement thickness
Poor quality materials
Insufficient compaction
Remedy:
Overlaying
Strengthening base and subgrade
12
Raveling
Definition: Raveling is the disintegration of
surface material caused by loss of bonding
between aggregates.
Causes:
Poor mix design
Weathering
Remedy:
Surface treatment
Slurry seal
Microsurfacing
Edge Breaks
13
Definition:cracks and breaking
off at the edge of the pavement.
Causes:
Lack of shoulder support
Water infiltration
Remedy:
Strengthening shoulders
Sealing cracks
Detection Methods
Visual inspection
14
Digital imaging
Laser scanning
Automated pavement condition
surveys
Instruments Used:
Dipstick Profiler
Falling Weight Deflectometer
(FWD)
15
Repair and
Prevention
Repair Techniques:
Crack sealing
Pothole patching
Overlaying
Prevention:
oProper drainage system
oQuality control during
construction
16
oRegular maintenance
inspections
17
Conclusion
Road defects significantly affect safety,
comfort, and economy. Timely detection
and maintenance are essential to Thank
Youextend the service life of roads. The case
study in Bharuch clearly shows the need for
immediate attention to crack repairs to
avoid major damage.
18
19
