Date: ____________

Experiment-3
Construction of a DC Machine and three-phase induction motor
(a) DC Machine:

Aim: To study_various parts aid construction of DC mrlline with the help of a cut section
rrodel.

Apparatus:
· OC. mot~iY\e cu-t s-ettiov'l model

"
Machine Specifications:

Diagran:

1111
...•
6.Corrrnutator: Ir, ct 'YY'l<>to h, a c_ o my-nu ta ~on app 11'f' ..s o"' -e \ectJJi e:
cu Mei/ t
~o tt'e c,.,lvdi~S - A.stead~ J-io.\--a ti°Y'lj -tohq~e LS pho~u_c.ed b~
h_Q.vehslv\3 the cu'hr,evit Jitie c~i<>Y"I iYl \::he ho.\ct thig w1-ndi~S ea.d,
'na \ & lu_9-i-n
7.Brushes & Bearings: Gtil\s\reJ a.he used to c_o\)ecl the CL(hheYJi du-e to the
\'flduc_ed e'()'l .g. !'ho"(Y) the qnY¥'d·tta,e co,\s \'() DC rnoc'vii nes. 'P>ea_h 'r ~s
a.he u.sed ln a. s~slem to ac~\ev~ ..9r()(;)ot:h moveMe-<rt betuJe.eY1 t-he
J,g. !ehevr\ c.omp o YlfV\t£ , Th.e mo in gllY\ cli on o~ beati,yY.i is to m \Y\, mh.-e th:,
gi,, c~lov, bet.<ve-e Y1 Ll--e ho~tlY\j arid -s'tCl tlo'l'tlh~ ~n6 o-g. l:he moc\,,'V'fl.
conclusion
,n bo:..pe/.-i iYY1eilt CJ.Je Vla\Je seeY1 tu~ sectioYI oB OC YY'Ochine.
Q()J__ .5tud I eel the COY1 ,S'~Jiuc ~i 0Y1 o~ 1t~ p:l'1+S.
 Questions·
(a) Why the
brushes
(b) What do you~~~ ~rem the carbon?
(c) Nane the insulati Y ~ing & trailing pole tip in Dc rncehine?
(cf) What do on material by which Conmutator .
(e) What. you mea, by slaggering of brushes? segnen1sareseparated?
•s U::e of key on shaft? ·
A.· a..)(!)'V"lCo_,,
~,
b O 'n i u.s~d beco.
'-J u.se
,,
st:
Cj- \<t..S
\
t , ,
\~t>7J1'Y'lg p110001t,e.s th11 'fY'IPO'()..! \-f'~S wfQh
,.
tn e C:OvY"'l'mu.m,oh , o , ,
Stt_ , 'Y'I c0 vY\pct'h 1so'Y) w i l:-1,, bi-,u~h-es made 03 hohdeh n,e k
c.. n Q.3. (opp e}) oh .stee \ , dd, t,
~-b} ,, . , , , 1Y'l O I l()'YJ -ho lht$
agooc\ c.onctuc-toh. ,1~ is
~·\ tt , 0 b~f)?-) \f f>CJ.
d l\, t her-\ the DI. 1t , O
1 \ \ •I '
d-\U..X 'CV\ 1)o~n a1wY1a -c:u.Jie , .s Y\Ot. U'fl 1~ohm bU'\: n 1
1

·~s oh e . e 'hesu\t~Y)t ~\~1 IS c_howdec\ oil: lhe t'hq,\\fla \~~e tip but
,·o
., ~s t<:°E)Qke"' a.i: th e \eud \0!>1e ~,p, lhe po\e ~ip Which L~ 1,ns+ '(Y\e-\- Ju,,iW
~\ · \<:)Yl 0,-~\ Ohma-luhe kn~w'Y1 as \ead,11q p~\-e. \::ip OV'ld ~\:.heh o.s
~'"°'qi IY\J \0:) e t1p. CJ

'1, c..) The s~m @v, 't S D .g the co mm uta { o h oh e u...s u q l\~ 'yY1a~@ o g. co ppe h o:nd a t1 e
sepa'nated !hoYn e.ot\, o-theh b~ m\ CQ \f\sU\ct.\:,oYI .
",cl> Tuts ot,deh,v,j o g t>hu_shes oy, co'(Y)')'nu,to:toh sun!o.ce t5 ru\'d.
Sta33 eh IY\~- e>h ax,a \ on \at<2ha \ s.\-a39 eh inJ- Tue bhu_i "1E! o.he
Sto..99e~ed \°'f' Ohd-eh to pJ\evfV1-l ,,,dae §oh'(YIQ+(DY1 Q"() the ~vhJace
oJ- the corn m l.(laJoh.
{f. e.) A \ee 1..> 0- p \ ec e. 0 ;g me.\-q \ \..lJ-ed to tO'<W, f>C't Q )-, 0 ta +-r~
Mac.ii,Y'e e\en1A0t l-o \:he shotl. R ke~ pJleve_ilt~ a r-ela+ivc?
4'o ta h1'0YJ between the two p041 ts , 0Y1cl tn~ e11able t::ohqu..e....
Ii th Q'Yl_s Y't) )ssi OY) t O OCCC{ n_
 NO '\
volt c.o,
!le!.\:.1~'.fl - __..:._~,"\,.
r,ere

o~loo.d.
t-ie\ease.- - ' - -

L T
Af -~

V
D. C.
']_A:1
\
\
M
I
l f:I.'-
__J

Thnee. Po1Y1t 9cQhteh

 Date: _ _ __

Experiment-4
To study 3-point and 4-pointstarter of DC motor.

~!l: 'it1:>'tl - -~
?\et~
_st(ll,~>-1
\-lo-,.cl\e

.I
 Date: _ _ __

Experiment-5
To study and perform an experiment to obtain the characteristics of DC
Shunt generator

Aim: To study and perform a, experiment to obtain the chara:teristics of DC Shunt generator.

I
Apparatus I

II

Machine Specifications

a ~

Brief TheOry
 ConclUSion

Questions
(a)) WWhhatat Y?~ memt by residual magnetism?
(b 1s cnt1cal speed · ·
(c) Givethe .. madcshuntgenerator?
cond1t1ons of self buiId up voltage in a de shunt generator.
Pt. a.) m o~ne ~i -z_a t\'oY"'\ '1e ma i 't1 I~ i Yl o mag n-e. t12eo\ bod~ Y10 'o~en
\.l Y\deh ex teh Y\a \ fflaa ne-ti c i"' ~\u, eYl ce.

A.'c> Tue ch;t,cq] speed og ,\-he oc aen<?hGltoh is the "tY11Y11mU'YY)

s,reed kJ{)\ow wh\ch ik ~a'i\s ~o e~c,te. \,l ls lhf speed. a4.
eu~ic h thf o'"E3Yl ~h\JYl~ &,e'lcl 2-1esLs+anc.e 9-iephE'SflYl"t:-S lhe
i ~1 co \ speecL
C'. '1

A.c..> Tnehe mu.so\- be a suJfcreY')-t ,hesictu.a\ i\v:x: in the ~iGld 10:>1es.

1h e t,elol lehmiY10\s shou\d be coY1Y1E>ctecJ ih sue½ a u.Jo51 {ha'i
lhe !,elol N1-lhewr iy,cheasei Jiu~ IV1 +rie di1-ied10-n o1 NJslci~q,
111111ft
~I""". \:he J'ie IJ. c/hc"i-\ Ms ls-!an Cl? sh,\,,! b-e le>.J .f ha;, the
Ch; ·Hca. i1 e Id c ll-1 cui' .l- hP.dsfa nee.
 D*- - - - -

To • - - Experlrrwrt-G6 . .
- , I W...w,11 Spal Cordrot of OC Shin Molo.f' atg Armature control ffllChod.
Aim; To acfy aldpaform1r1epaiin•1t b' ~camrol d • D'C ,tu,t m:,tor by
AoPlnu
Vl'l H ft'! e\~'"' I i er 'no '"'r.\ef-1 , OC , 'hut'\ l "(r\O \ on

-
Nu V -lph
•
1· Armature control method

This method is used when the speed below the no loa:I speed is required. As the su~ly vol_tage is
th th
normally constant is varied by inserting a variable rheostat or resista'lc:e in senes wi e
~ r e cirruit. As the controller resistalc:e is increased potential difference ceross the armatu~e
is decreased thereby decrEaSaJ the armature speed to a /oa:I of constalt torque. Speed is
~roximately proportional to the potential difference across the annature. It can be seen at
th
II
greater the resistance in the anrature cirruit the greater is the fal I in speed.
I
Procedure

1. Connect the cirruit per the cirruit the cirruit diagraTI.

2- Now grcliually increase the anrature voltage till the rated speed of the motor has reached.

3. Vary the armature voltage with keeping field rurrent consta'lt and note down the speed
corresponding to eoch voltage upon the maximum rated voltage.
4. Now keeping voltage conslalt de::reases the field rurrent through the rheostat and note down
the corresponding speeds.

Omervation ti:lle:

Armature control method:

Srno. Armature voltage Va ( V ) Motor speed N ( rpm )

1
1. 'l. 1500
2
2.. 4- 1~30
3
-:, • G 1480
4 14-Q,0
4.G
5
5.8 14io

G~
Plottheg~: - N Vs Eb
 I
I
Conclusion: pQh~'l'TI spQeJ co0l91.'.:l' o.g DC sh1.1l1+ '('{)o\oh u.sir1g-. aH(Ylatul-e.
C<JY)-\1,~, -rne\~ad . o~d. seee"0 \ hqt d we ,-nch<'C1 re A11-ma1uhe v0i+~e..

S o speed og DC -mo\:oh 13 heduce.

Question

1) What factors do limit the increase of speed of de shunt motor in field rheootat control?
2) Why field control method is superior to armature resistance control?

", :L) .fho <Y\ W obo"r.e e'1 hcv i ~03h0t-(¥) ·

n: eue wOY\t to ,chease t-h-e 5 pef(j o~ t~-e shvv11 'ff'r::)r.oh,
tJ.Je ~,,\ -Jan~ the 1,-fllJ M-9.Sbtaf'Ce. A.s hf'~l£,\-qY'ce inc/1c'll.Sc'd1
the \Ja.\1J.e og .\he J1e1J cuh/1eY1~ w',\\ hf'durP . C)-(1 oJeal.reYl )~
1
o! J,e\J cuhh.flYt't ,Jl-..(:c z:,l -th~ g,~ld wi'!I '1tBvceJ Jc~svl4s Y>
1

', "'{) cheo..se o~ spef J.

1-1-'L-> \J"'\ike atrrno\uhe e_ontJ\ol\ecJ "{hoto'1S' I gielJ cov1+)7o)

ph o " ,d-e s _s p-eeJ.s ~hot an e olo o'-f e tine "noh ma l mvge__.
1he -ma·, Y\ d~\fQ,Y\¼3es. o-8-- this 'lhe.\-ho~ ir1'1cl\.JJe : Lowtf-J
cos t_~ '. -\: ~e i, e L~ co'Y\ t9,~1 yn.(JthoJ 1·.s 'n iJ ~o YlD (V) ; ca)
Joh -rn o °J 'rflO t-oll COY) 1"J"\0) .
 Date: _ _ __

Experiment-07 . .
To study & Perform Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor using Flux excitation
control method.
Aim: To study & Perform Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor using Flux excitation control
method.
APl)cl"atus

~"f'\Q~eh , T{lc~of<\{)\eh, DC sh\JY\\ motoh

Mcdline Spedficalioo
Brief Theory:

The SJ)eed of a motor is inversely proportional to the flux .

1 1
Na.- a.-
$ lsh
Flux excitation control method

. This rrethocl is used when the speed ooove the no looo speed is required. It is seen from
equation (l) The speed of the motor is inversely proportional to the flux. By decreasing the flux
the speed can be increased and vice versa. Hence the nclTlE! flux or field control method. The flux
of a d.c motor ca, be changed by changing fsh with the help of shunt field rheostat. Rhe:>stat has
to ~ry a only small current which means copper looies is small, so that rheostat is STiall in size.
th1 rrethocl is thereby very efficient. In non-interpolar machines the speed can be increased by
T~is
s rrethocl in the ratio 2:1. Any further weakning of flux adversely affects the corrmunication
and hence Puts a limit to the maximum speed obtainoole with this method. In machines fitted
With interpoles a ratio of maximum to minimum speeds of 6:1 is fairly constmt.
Procedure

1. Connect the circuit per the circuit the circuit diagram.

2. Now gradually increa,e the armature ~oltage till the rated speed of the motor has reached.

3. Vary the armature voltage with keeping field current constcrit and note down the speed
corresponding to eed\ volt:ge upon the maximum rated volt:r;Je.
4. Now keeping voltage constcrit decreases the field current through the rheostat and note down
the corresponding speeds.

Observation table:

Srno. Field current It ( A ) Motor speed N ( rpm )

1
{). EA- 1soo
2
o.S4 iS.54
3
o. £,1._ 1~10
4
0_4.9 1GG2.
5
o.4G i 4-4--
Plot the graph . - N Vs It
 Conclusion: f-1e,.., &in"(Y\ ~(lf' rJ \ti I I O & 0 C J' 1o~v1 ,1 m o',
C.<> (\ O O.\-

lkS \""S t \\\J: e:n ; .\-0- t ia Y7 cov11hoI '\'Y\f f hJ · 51" e "' \ f'w\-
', 8 b\e\d C\l~J\eY\1 w,\1 be ~J~c_e~ SD spePd g DC rru{o.h 0

w\\\ be 1<\ChQCe~ .
Ouestion
1) Why field control method · .
1s superior to armature resistaice control?
2) Why it is not ~ ibl tO ob .
control? e tam speed of a de shunt motor below the normal by field rheostat

{::) .1) \J Y\ \, ke ah mo. tu he co'1 tflol \Ed "(Y)D toh >1 g_1'e)J t 0 Y1+Ji o)
()(\ov1d-e S Jpeed.s thq \ all e obowe +he Y1oh fYlal /1a'(lg~-
11e mo l-n ad\fctY\~~0 oJ +h ls rn-ethJ ·,-n duJe '· Loweh (Ol~S.
1},,e g·,elJ CQ-nkh'.)l vn~thcol u a ~~}ii~ econoY)}JCCl I Joh'YY)

0 & mi oton COY)+"~'-

A. 2) O,'s advon+aJef o~ Jr'fll J Q~~oAa+ coY11hol )pJ DC .stitNJ+
"(()o<toh. (h~{lpi123. ~pFeds c_a~ Yb"t he oh1oln~~ T-o~
Speed ,·s rno:xivn\.n'YJ ,vafu..e o~ dl\./cx./
rri1n)YY1UVv1.

L. (>J~ic~ 15 g-ov<?.f-tYJed b!:3 the d011QJ--'Y1-t'11''V1J-e~~ec.~

o& o_h'fl'<1¼h e heo(J-, o~ o-n the f, J, e,
 Date: _ _ _ __

T0 Experiment-OS
Study & Perform Torque-Slip Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor.
Aim: To study c11d perform c11 experiment for Speed -Torque Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor.
Apparatus

~"Me+eh, v~\trneteh, techome+eJi , WetJhf M-etens

DC sh'lnt m()toh, 8het1< ([3t1lt)

Machine Specification

Brief Theory (Description Charocteristics of DC shunt motor)

1. Ta/ la characteristics

Assuming flux (0) to be practically constant, we find that Tau Ia. hence it is a straight line
through origin shaft torque is showed dotted. since a heavy starting load wi II need a heavy
starting load will never bestared CcrJ chaige load.
2 N/la characteristics

Ifflux (0) to be assuming constant, they Nu Eb. As Eb is practically constant speed is constant.
but Eb & 0 between decrease with increase in load. if Eb decrease slightly more than constantans
of their speed , shunt motors are suitoole for darning shafting , machine tools, lathes ,wood
working mochines and for other purpose where constant speed is required.

L
 • Now grooual ly increase the looo and take corresponding reading of W1 cl1d W2 ..-id
make the observation.

Observation Table
Sr. Supply Line current W1 W2 Torque Speed
No. Voltage I (A) (Kg) (Kg) T ( N-m) N (rpm)
V (v)

i 19.9 . 2 '2. 0.4- 0 o. G i350

'2 198 . 1 4 3. 2 0 4-8' 13 2.0
191- . G G
i G 0 . 2. g'. 11- 94
4 i3":t - 5 8 8 - l+- 1. j_i . j 1 1 -:+8'
s 19 8 . 6 iO 10 .4- :1.. . 4- 1:S .5 1'2 :\-0

Calculation
1> Co - o. 4-)x1 .S -= 0.6tJ
'2.) (? - 3.1-)?<i -S =4- -8 N
3 )Co .1- s)><i -S = 8 .;\N
q_') C1.-~ -4-) x1 . .s :=- 1.1 . 1. N

s ) ( 1.Q---- 1..0 ,4) i-1.5 =t>.S

Lab Exercises.

Plot the gr~h (i) N Vs T.

Conclusion , ...D l , t _J , , _, ,
{Jfhbh-rr1 cm e.xpen i'Y'f\.-f>"{\ oC-:; ~efci tohqu.e cnqf-ac-v,ur-1cs

0 :g1X .r\1un+ ~on SfeY1 ~hcd t()hqu e tJJi\l b> iVlc'1ra.se_ ..so
*~e .r(-)fr°d oJ O( .rh~-n~I moto/7 lJJ d I b-f Jetf cAPsf'd.
 Questions

1) On Which rro
tor brake test is ::r.nfiCcbl ?
2) .,.t' e.
Give the expression . .
) for various torque in d.c motor.
3
Carrnent on 5PeErl -tor .
que characteristic of d.c shunt motor.

f\.'J..) +i\\ -tjpe~ o.i DC m::Aoh ,b¼eck -te-H )J oppl,'cabP.

'B.?_)

:: 3.S s,., fr\eckl Y\lo \ l::.s~f'.J

·J) /V
ln 0(shun4 '(Y)<:itoh (, +onq\<fl t.s Jrect l_y (JhopoJrli!)nq}
lo a.twna'ttlhe cuhhEVri . \ + f J q (or,sh1n1 ~fr-Pd yrio ~-
1,\. rJ \J.J f'cA 1oh .s Ij ht I;i oh coruiavi-t 5p ePJ apf/ ),eo1 J-/<)111.
lhe c.o<l\(X)Ur1 cJ -«iD toh J af-re uJ~d (}JV!-flh<"' t 1,2hP/2
sb1-rli"'c/ t10hque cmJ ~oiJ1 c._ O';I Jfoyr/ Jf<°t=>J ).i

9,~tilh~d.
 Date: _ _ __

T Experiment-09
0 study about different starters of three phase induction motor•
- ~ O"lj _CM:'11 ,sgw;1Ch
---+--------,o~ - - -o _,,-
{Y',~Q~-~
m:;---}---------,'--- -_J_--" - - - -
S w ;+ch !, 1 QuV1 .s.\-arrt (Y)
( ~')

0
9-o\:~n
~L

_ _ _J

J\J C- No1''ffiCJ \ c k)Je s-\ <:>p

/\Jo- N~'f'1o) C()e'fl s-\o"rl

@ s qu.1hnf'I !Xi.Je ,,,,-\~

0 0 L .Sta.t-i leJ"')