DEVELOPMENT

Handwritten Notes

Gaurav Suthar
 Page |1

Chapter 1- Development

Topics in This Chapter-

• What Development Promises- Different People, Different Goals.
• Income and Other Goals.
• National Development.
• How to Compare Different Countries or States?
• Income and Other Criteria
• Public Facilities.
• Sustainability of Development.

Introduction
इस Chapter में हम पढें गे कि

• Development क्या होता है ?

• Development िैसे होता है ?
• Development िो िैसे measure किया जाता है?
• Development से हमारी life िैसे बेहतर हो सिती है ?

What is Development?
Development is the Process in Which something grows,
becomes more mature and advance. Example -
• The Transformation of a Caterpillar into a butterfly.
• Improved Productivity.
• High Literacy rates.
• Better Public Education.

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 Page |2

Development

Different People, Different Goals

There are Three Principles of Development Goals-

(1) Different Peoples have different development goals.

Development Development
• •
• •

(2) What may be development for one, may not be for Other.
It may even Destructive for the Other.

Slum (झोपड़पट्टी) Industries

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 Page |3

This is the Development for Industrialists to set up industries.

But this is Destructions for the Villagers- their land was taken away.

Forest of Tribals (आदिवासी) Dam

To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams.

But this is Destructions for the Tribals.

(3) For Development, People Look at a mix of Goals.

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 Page |4

Income and Other Goal

• Only Income is not Development. Income is only the part of

Development.

–
• Besides seeking more income, one way or the Other, People also
seek(मााँगना) things like Equal treatment (बराबरी िा व्यवहार),
Freedom, Security and Respects of Other.

• For Example, Considering a job -

For Development, People Look at a mix of Goals.

• Quality of our life depends on: Materials and Non-Material things.

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 Page |5

National Development

• Individuals seek different goals, then their notion (ववचार) of

National Development is also likely to be different.

It is very important to keep in mind that different person could have

different as well as Conflicting Notions of a Country’s Development.
(परस्पर ववरोधी धारना)

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 Page |6

How to Compare Different Countries or States?

Let us look at students in the Class.

They differ in their height, health, talents

and Interest.
?
The Criterion we may use depends on
the Purpose of Comparison.

We use different Criterion to choose-

• A Sports Team.
• A debate Team.
• A Music Team.
• A Team to Organise a Picnic.

For Comparing Countries, their Income is considered to be one of

the most important Attributes.

Countries with higher Income are more developed than Others

with less Income.
→ →

Income of all the Resident of the Country = Total Income

But This is not Such a Useful Measure. Why?

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 Page |7

Total Income = 80
Total Income = 100 80
Income of 1 person = = 16
100 5
Income of 1 person = = 10
10

∴ Comparison should be based on the average Income.

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

It is Also Known as Per Capita Income.

World Development Reports Brought Out by the World Bank, this

Criterion is Used in Classifying Countries.
•

The Rich Countries, excluding countries of Middle East and Certain

other small countries, are Generally called Developed Countries.

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 Page |8

(असमानता)
• Averages are useful for Comparison, but they hide Disparities.
• It does not tell how this income is distributed among the people.

Country A

5000
5000
Country B

Income and Other Criteria

When we looked at individual goals, we found

that people not only think of better income but
also have goals such as Security, respect etc.

Similarly, when we think of a nation or a region, we may, besides

(िे अततररक्त)
average income, think of other Attributes/ Criteria.

• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Infant Mortality Rate indicates the number of children that die
before the age of one yar as a proportion of 1000 live children born
in that particular year.
• Literacy Rate
Literacy rate measure the proportion of literate population in the 7
and above age group.

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 Page |9

• Net Attendance Ratio

Net Attendance ratio is the total number of children of age group
14- and 15-years attending school as a percentage of total number
of children in the same age group.

Public Facilities

Because money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services
that you may need to live well. Money Cannot Buy-

• Pollution Free Environment

• Adulterated (ममलावटी) Medicines

Money may also not be able to Protect you from Infectious diseases,
Unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps.

Because it has adequate(पयााप्त) provision of basic health and

educational facilities.

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 P a g e | 10

Similarly, in Some States

• the Public Distribution System (PDS) functions Well.

• Health and Nutritional Status of People of Such states is
Certainly likely to be better.

It is a Criteria Used to Find out Whether a Person is Nourished(पोषित),

Undernourished(कुपोषित) or Overweight.

How to Find Out BMI?

o We Take Weight of the Person in Kg and Height in m2.

𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 (𝒌𝒈)
Body Mass Index (BMI) =
𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 (𝒎𝟐 )

𝟓𝟎
Body Mass Index (BMI) = = 22.22
(𝟏.𝟓)𝟐
In This Case:
• 18 =
• 25 =
• 18-25 = 18 25

Exception – Growing Children are not evaluated on Body mass index.

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 P a g e | 11

Human Development Report

Human Development Report published by UNDP (United Nation
Development programmes).

They Compare Countries Based on –

•
•
•

Sustainability of Development

(Geography Ch 1)

Using Resources in a way that your needs to be fulfilled and Preserve

Resources for the Future Generations.

• लंबे समय ति चलने वाला, जो िे र ति िायम रह सिे

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 P a g e | 12

Is Development Sustainable?
The Answer is No. Why?

Development Requires Consumption of Resources → Depletion

Example- एि किसान िे मलए development होगा कि ज्यािा से ज्यािा फसल

कि ऊपज हो । लेषकन अषधक और अच्छी फसल िे मलए उसे पानी कि जरुरत होगी ।

षिसका वह लगातार पानी का इस्तेमाल करे गा इससे ground water में कमी आएगी ।

(a) Groundwater is overused due to various Reasons-

• Due to large and growing population → greater demand for water.

• Agricultural.
• In the housing Societies or colonies in the cities, there is an
arrangement of groundwater pumping device to meet water needs.

(b) Yes it is Possible if using resources judiciously (Carefully).

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar

 P a g e | 13

Renewable resources Non-renewable Resources

1. These Resources are renewed or 1. These Resources may not be
replenished by nature in a short replenished by nature or take very
span of time. long geological time to be formed
again.
2. These are available continuously 2. These Resources are exhausted
like Ground Water, Solar Energy after use.
Etc. Ex- Crude oil, Fossils etc.
3. Renewable resources can be 3. Non-renewable resources can be
divided into Continuous or flow. recyclable or non-recyclable.

Best of Luck for Exam

This Notes is Made by Gaurav Suthar