D Dividing eqn. Gu) by abd and ea. (0) by ef 1 Tet N denote the set ofall natural numbers and R Hehe be the relation on N XN defined by (a, BV R(c Dif Hr cb aa and(h + 0) = bela + Show that Ris an equivalence ier twlation and Cine Sol. Step 1: : Given @ RED On adding, we get 5) asai(h + 0) = be +d) «Van BEN dyieb eu of faba) = bata +b) ctbted “a whines oes | ior afb +0) = bea +) Step HL: Let 8) Rd for (0) (6 dE NXN Hence, (a8) R (/) aah) = beat d) i) Ris transitive. lv) Abo, Ca R@b From equations (i), (ii) and (vi), R isan equivalence cd +4) = dave +8) aton [By commutation of addition and multiptication on N. Ris symmetric «iy Step I: Let (a, 8)R a) ant (c,d) Re, fore, b,c, defen adit +0) = bola +d) wiv) and d+) =dee+) “) SUS aes ty ery Short Answer Questions: (1 mark eact 4. State the reason why the relation R = {(a, b) pee a = “ J ab} on the set R of real numbers is not reflexive, ow many reflexive relations are possible in aset A = whose m(A) = 3 BT Bison 20202) RM sor 20617) ‘Short Answer Type Questions-1 (2marks each) powered Es Sables 1, Letite the relation in the set of integers given byR ers . ion in the et Zofntegers given FS = Wb) :2aivides sb). Show thatthe relation [Marking Scheme SQP, 2020-21] Amaneteve Wile the equivalence Gass aa SOT EE Sol, Let2 divides (a0) and 2 divides = ez Since the reflexive relation should contain So 2 divides [(a-2) + (6-9) ie (2.3) € A, mostly students write the answeras 3. 2 divides (ac): Yes relation Ris transitive 4. Number of reflexive relations ona set containing, is? x Students use examples to show that % Ma cuvalence relation R in A divides it into | istransitive whichis wrong. equivalence lasses Ay Ay A, What othe valueot A, UA, C Ayand A.A, 0.8? ‘Bisor 2020-21 SOL AWVALUA,=Aand Anand =@ wy [Marking | : SOF. Hi 3 Let A (1,2 3,4) Let be the equivalence relation O0A XA detinedby a bled as db be ed the equivalence das (3), @ IBD |S 201715 "ex ci a ac i ats ol a ed apfelatone and Functions Gaeees Check if the relation Rn the et Rof rel numbers defined a8 R= (la) a <8) 6 Gye Ciyanstive. Ee 23,200) EEEEIED syremoticandansiive —) Sal A= 112 3,45;69 (Gv iyis dvi (i) Symmetric lat sis divisible by x sisnot necessarily divisible by y Ger °6 G2 ER 2isdivisbleby but isnot divistble by 2 Ger GER Hence, given relaion isnot symmetric, 1 (i) Transitive ut (eR vs visible by » “ and WaeR Fikdiviable by y i) From eg and eg, | risdivisible by x From eq) and eq), “as diesble by 1 2eR ck 2)eR | 2is divisible by 1 “ | Gayer | is aivisible by 2 a) | Gaer Hence, given relation is transitive, 1 [Marking Scheme OD, 2020] Se ee ‘A. Scme students take the relation as“isa factor of” is divisible by’ should be taken as‘isa multiple | 3. How many equivalence relations on the set (1,23) containing, 2)and@ 1) arethere inall? Justify your answer, [SQP 2016-17] Sol. Equivalence rations could be the following R= (0,1),2,2,6,3)(12),2,Nhand 1 BRON 0.2,0.9.0.2,0.89,0902, 2) So, only two equivalence relations [Marking Scheme SOF 201647), Short Answer Type Questions: (marks each) 1. Check whether the relation R in the set Z of integers detined as R= (a,b): + b i “divisible by?’ is reflexive, symmetric or transitive, Write the equivalence class containing Oi. [0] [sor 2020-2) on Prove that the relation R on Z defined by R = (Gs 9): (= y) Is divisible by 5) is an equivalence relation, {Outside Delhi Set-1, 2020) Tquvalence Relation re) Sol. (i) Reflexive: Since, + 4 = 2a which iseven Mae RVaez Hence Ris reflenve % (i) Symmetric HG@be Rthene + = bea=m = (ba) € R. Hence Ris symmet 1 Tiansitive WG@ He Rand (he R then and a Adding () and (i) we get a+b +e=20+y) = ate=2h+u-8) = atom 2k where +p Sader Hence Ris transitive ‘Thus, Risan equivalence uation, (= 6-20.24) am [Marking Scheme SOP 2020-21} Go ‘AL Equivalence class of Os the st ofall elem related to Answering Tip | A Mostly sdents go wrong in Sing the ‘equivalence clas. Some students forget to write inthe equivalence lass 2, Show thatthe relation on R defined as R = (ab 115), isreflenve, and transitive but notsymmetri B(Dethi ser, 2019] Topper’ Answer 209, (as) @8 tera ak “tan mn mit fe at GE sak OER ae oa° rma es xeon Caer 8 oe MATHEMATES, cg 4 Se, Soe er problems involving ordered pls “i ae) ‘4. Practice mor problems involng relations wig ordered pairs Long answer Type duestons (mare ay Qt Be the eof astral mambo an elton on» 1 dined ye | 4 some sents use numeral examples thoy oa eee aa that areleve,symmeticortansiive whieh heelys es bee equivalence caso 6, [0 {SP 212.99 on . Counter examples can be used only to show Papa that « relation is not nefleive, symmettic or Pore Bo de N XN 1) R 6A) ifhad whe (tensive __) rove that isan equivalence elation in oc cere orang numbers, defined by R= (qe): sap | SBLLRG@HENEN 70) itn orth i ‘Then wc have isGeameay Pl aie byeremiaye eet ECsterasi eee ene a eee mumeniereriecvanedevem S6DKED squivlence relation ence Rifle IDHMsaransss) | wy GaN Wah Oat fe Sole ee NKN ES ree en, ctistpren ca espreee er) eps) Hence, Ris syrmeic Hence Risreflive Lea dhleDe Nx Nou tat Let e.8.(ed)e Ni Nhe sch that ORC Ha ECIREH woRed Bren ak nlhe See reer re! Maly) and) a eer = hte = CORY ioe Hence, Ris amet Let ab). 6.9 € XN be such that OREM, COR GD. = teat and cafnt te ‘Adaing eqn () and (i, weer aapeb eds ead = eapebee = DRED Hence, is transitive ‘Therefore, Ris an [Marking Scheme SOP 2015-16Areaton Rl defined onthe et U = (All peoplegn the Eat such that = (6 9) theme Sates between the time zonesxandy resdeinis gheeert ©) Check whether the relation Rg refining symmetric and transitive, {i Ts relation Ran equivalence relation? Sow your work DENIAPO Set, 2003.24 ‘Whites that for no x6 U, 2,3) Ras the diference in ime between + & +s 0 hours. Concludes that Ris not reflexive, % Writes that, whenever the dilference in time between rand ys 6 hous, the difference in fine between y and is also 6 hours, Thatis (ERG 2) ER, Concludes that Ris symmetric, 1% Wiites that if the difference in time between xand 176 hours, and the diference in tie between y and = & also 6 hous, then the difference intima between x and = could be either 0 hours or 12 hours. Thats ( We R dey, 2)¢ Rbut (2) eR, Concludes that Ris not transitive. me From the above steps, conckides that R is not an ‘equivalence relation % [Marking Scheme APQ Set, 2023-24] Commonly Made Error A. Fer students find difficulty in cases of reflexive and transitive ‘TOPIC-2 rnctions Revision Notes 1 Fetin ape yp of lin Aton petbanmna ade rienoeenanien iced sa win ney cone ay) cE we pnts anne ols ay Cet nag of hoe etn el ee mu 2 Blac beeen selon and en Son ads Sete By ay abe of Montene AX B;whilea function 8 subset of A x B satistying following senaitons: (9 Forevey2¢ A thewedstsye Bauch that EWE} OG Ne fand G2) ftheny =z 4. Some important real functions and ther domain & range ncn () dentity function A Here, Ris not reflexive because no such value of + exist fr which the difference in time between 3. Given a non. POX) a follow For AB < P(X) (A,B) © Riff A&B. Prove that Ris Teflenve, transitive and nat symmetric [SP 2022-23) Sol, Let © POO. Then A cA SAVER once, Ri reflexive, Let A,B,C PIX) such that 1 G.8,6,.06R ACB BCC Acc SU,OeR Hence, Ri transitive 2 $:%e POH such thatOcX. Hence, (8) « R But, co. ‘Which implies that (X,9) ¢ R, ‘Thus, Ris not symmetric 4 Leta = tre zs abe A, lat) (Fach element of A ‘There may be some must be related to elements of A which Some clement of B, arenot elated to any clement of ‘3. Real valued function ofa real variable: Ifthe domain and range ofa function fare subsets of R (the set of teal numbers, then fis said to be a weal val ‘nction areal vrile areal ened(@) One-one function (injective function ot Injection): A function fA» Bis one-one hancion of meting function iff distinct elements of A Rave distinct onages ne Thus, f:A-+ Bis one-one s fe) = 10) = Tob ebeA = pet s fa) #0) Vabe A +0 A and 8 are two sets having mand mn clements respectively such that S m then total numberof one fone fanctons from set Atosct 8 "C_ m! Le", ‘+ TE m(4) =n then the number of infective functions defined from A onto alm A) fit gives «= bony then isa {Sree fenton or Suen Nenana eRe Here es Seeder apy Decca oae =e Bim fA onto mA) ~ Bie, rng off o ote AiConirHM To CHECK THE suRECTIVTY ScruNcrION Star Eke cement b B where 5 & ie Sats often Bowrd 20,5 22224 srera Papo) = SEP: Seve thr ngnton fe) = lors and obtain sin cometh Laz 90, Star at lo he tt Samad cacao apse ie ae theme ae mane «9 hr whch aa of 5 gen tyr sittin A Then/inctone Cowan BSE Question Bank Chapters Topicwise, MATHEMANGs, aa fi) =a, ¥a> 0,001 ‘Also note that a bijective function i also “onetovone hincton or one-one al I1J:A-— Bisa function such that ()fisone-one > (A) =n} i) Fisonto= mB) = mi. Foran ordinary finite set A one-one funeton fg Ase oy nd ono enon A necesurly one-one fr every frites (4) Kdentity function: The function I, A > 4 yg ‘=1,¥ re Aisealled an identity fancion on Sit (equ fancion Two functors and. gg sine demain D ar ait be eal tf) = 90 aired. 6 Defining Function Conse and B be vo non-empty se then ath acts cach teen 4 a ‘lementot Biscae afancton othe mappeg iro oa kieamrpietonss Be rene Acs B whch s ead fe mopping ed UB orf bation tomato. Ujusidates 0 A tobe B then we ay a3 Image of the clement under the function er Pe Frimage of er'he valerate snes 4a) and we wite 8 = fia) The denen «ee icine orimencinage af ms fora DctveRinion been A to, (eydand 8 sould te noncey {P)fach clement of | sould hove imagein {GINO cement of thud have aoe imagen (@HPAINED have respectively m and slements then the nutber of fonctionsBeanies | Bireity Ae | sees | | | | Any 47 945,47 Ay, =, 9 fisone-one function short Answer Type Questions = is one-one or not. : ae ear ‘A. Students get confused between one-one and ‘many-one functions. an A. Injectivity should be determined considering the domain and cdma A function whieh ‘soneone in a domain may not be one-one in other domain 2. Aralaton Rin the se of real mmbersR defined as {a,b}: =) ina faction oF no. Justify (GEM ISQ8 2021-22) 12,3), B=(4,5,6,7) and f= ((, 4), 2,5), ©) is function from A to B. State whether fis one- oneernet, OB sor 20202 Answer Type Questions 4 (2marks each) F Prove that he function fs surjective, where N+ Nach that om! — | Show thatthe function /: 1» N, given by (1) =f) Nae etal SST an bt nt Solution: Step: Given, t)= 2) = 1 ‘Thus f isnot cne-one Step H:Let yeN,y # L,wecan choose xasy #1 | such hat yh) my et day, | Aw for Le N, wehave/(I)= 1. Thusfisonto, SUS SS Forsujectve Lets) = y such that ye When isodd | When nis even mee <2 peer Liga) went ay =n Yy-t=n nay aaa Hence for y is Hence, for y is a a ated nuantee | Raina number, m= 2y=tisalzoa natural [29 & abo 8 natura number aap ‘Thus, for every y€ N,there exists ¢ Nich that in)= ‘nwa! Ce aston Bank Chaptrwise& Topewise, MATHEMATES, Ree nines om essa «ony yeh yay de, 2 Tone fine pone Sxamples of one-one | 1 a =f, (iy Tosh ap eananton aati cf fa) =r 41, y+ 1> 2foreveryye N, Foranyx,yePR fi) = hod ei Lea See eee 1 Tuslrereyy Nye reer y gg + Meret fectfndsE: (2) tied yyy aysi-rny P= FE yg @Bi0EH — Hence, /isonto, 4 Show that the function: vey) = 2 Lang Aner Tp estions is one-one but not onto, Sol. Given, a function f= N, defined asx) = 20 Forone-one: Lets, 16 Nuch, = 2s, So,fisoneone i For onto: Let y © N (codomain) be any arkitary (ss 1 Aamcton 1-48) ( 4} gen pe 6-7 Show tat on onto fncon ag oneone into. Farther fad sl pe of Wd for which fla) = V7 - Outside Dethi Set, clement. . Then y= fy) ~ yar pen, 1.¢ N (codomain) does not have a pre- ‘mage in domain (0), S0,Jis not onta, 1 ‘Short Answer Type Questions: (amarks each) 4 Show that the function 5 -+R defined by fn) = iy Yee Rteiterom-one nore "SQ" 2021) ‘Sot Cheakingfrone ne! 5 Hewfa= (3) Foresame@) G) Senos ead acca ty LER codon) Then ine cL ak eebea defined yf) = Sao oem alert © Bien sets, 20) 3. Show that the function f- N +N, given by f() = f(2) maf = 2-day tan iatiel ome (orn) Sot Weave function N+, defined 1) = fQ) = Vand fa) = 3-1, for every > 2 ew anon Scr 8) = (0) = tr nd have same image, namely 1.50, fis not one-one. For onto Note that y = Ihas two pre-mages, namely Land Tes a st a i a oe fpavons and Functions _teeteg iets (A. Mest of the siden. tempt this question ere but fe of te revlon of ‘Answering Tip PA. in uestion, we need to find al values of 50 rte both values ofa; + Sand 3, Snow that the fur fRowenines <1) defined by fs) = onto function, Type * Bitone-one and Bh [Sar 2029-24) Wehave, \Femcact $0) = I Toa Now, we consider the following case. Case" When 20, ~ wehwwe f(s) , fxs Ter Ince y « R* (0) such tate) =f), eo So,fisinjecte function. “Sarjectvity when x2 0, we have f(s) = ia? satay 1 Loct we ‘Lely 0,1), thus foreach y€ 0, 1) there exists 50 fi onto function on [,r) 1 [0, 1), Case: When x <0, swehave f(y = Injectvity: Let x.y e Robes ny <0, such that (x)= f(y, then. reays yay rey 50, sinjective function. Surjetivity:x <0, wenave f(a) = also, fa) = 1 08y ut US <0, which Toimdawable + Hence fs) «f(Y whens Hence fs one-one and onto funtion, 1 [Masking Scheme SQP 202424) Enos ‘Ay Most ofthe students find the questons neon i ae erry 2: votre he uct gen ye reo poe ltt® 7! “Then check the injctivity and (terenteases “aSS 8. A function f: R—(-1,1) — Ris defined by: ft () Checkitf fis one-one (i) Check it fis oto, ‘Show your work [aro set, 202324) Sol. (i) Assumes fa) = fy) and evaluates the same = w-vave =o % Uses the above step to conelude that “Takes a poof numbers andy seh thatay = “1 to show that enot aNeONe Foreaample, for and 1 (gusts fi) toy and solves the same to express x interme of ya = xeyey Ss owy =o he eee ay ‘Snce1+ 47> 0, real rootexssand abo they ore marl = 2 ET oe yay ‘Writes that for any ye R (codomain), there exists ee R11) (domain) such thats) = ence ‘concades that fs onto. % [Mating Scheme APQ, Set: 20232) Objective Type Questions tpt choice avestons 1 Ifthe set A contains § elements and the set 8 contains 6 elements, then the number of one-one ‘and onto mappings rom A to B is wm 20 x oo [APO See2 2023.24) ‘Ans. Option () is comet, case question Bank chaprerwise CTS ss x Topics, MATHEMATIS Cay “Es a) gnen by) = 9044 ritnon-neadve al man ind onto function, - Baro e224 eR, such that fos) = fee) ont 6 65-3 = 988 + 6 y consider :R, / where R, Is the set Fee iy ivome ono Sot. One-one: Let 9(:8-8) + 6m) =0 2-1) Pla t)+6) =o & 95,94, +6=0 ‘which isnot possible fisone-one. Onto: Let yao + 6-5: = oF Fer“ G+y=0 62 AETV) 20) 6+ EIB i seis fye8) 6) Now ve R,=2x20and sox = rejected Nowx2 0-5 2 Wi ataysez1 ays = Viyel5x)) = ret 15,2) = codomain off Fence, fgone one and onto function. [Marking Scheme APQ Set2 2fons and Functions 2, LetA = (3,5). Then number of reflexive relations of ws (D)8 —[Dethiseta, 2025) Option (B) is cornect EN Eaplanaton: The number of ete relatos is = poves [Marking Scheme Delhi Set—1, 2025] Ceca Se the dee rao SoU ee - © A, mostly students write the answer as 2. (3) re "A. Number of relexve relations on a set contain 43, Let Rbe a relation in the set given by R= ((ab):a=b-26>6) Then WG7ER MEHeR (OBHeR M@HeR Dppent sets, 20231 abode go 6=8-2 pone [Marking Shee Del Set3 2029) oe ”B @ [Dem sets, 2023) & letuet X= (1,23) anda relation Risdefined in X26 = (G3), 2), 2}), then minimum ondered ts whieh should beaded i reaton to make itreexve and symmeti are 9 (0,9),2,3,0,2) © (63,.0.,0.2) 96..6.3,.6.,89) ©)(6,3),0,3),6.,0.2) (erm 2021-23) ‘Avs Option (0) is come. Explanation: GR is refiesive i contains {(l, 1, @ 2) and 6.3) Since, 2,2) € R.So, we need to add (I, 1)and @,3)40 make R reflsive, (0) i syminetiit t contains (23) (1,94 0,9, 2,3) Since, (2,2) (1,3), (@,2))€ R-S0, weneed toadd (3, Hand 2,5), ‘Ans, Option () is comet. ‘Thus, minimum ordered pairs which should be added in relation & to make it reflexive and symmetrcare (1, 1),@,3),@,1),@,3)) 6 UR= (Gu vhx.yeZ,x + ys) isa relation is set 7, then domain of Ris (A) (01,2) (©) (2,-4,0,1,2) (©) (0,-1,-2) y-,0,1) (erm-1 2031-22} ‘Ans, Option (B) i correct Explaation: Given, R= (e,y):x,ye 228 + <4) Lety = 0,then 49 x= 0,21,42 Thus, domain of = (-2,-1,0,1,2) 7. A relation R in set A = (1,2, 3) is defined as R = (41), 21, @, 2), @,3)). Which ofthe following ordered pair in shall be removed to make it an equivalence relation in A? (aa) a2 a2 (8,3) © ferm-1 Sop 2021-23) 8 Let the relation Rin the seta = (x © Z:0<¥< 12}, siven by R= ((a,8): Jab] isa multiple of 4). Then In} the equivalence class containing I is (a) 05,9) ){0,1.3,5) Oo (DJA (reem-1 SP 2021.22), ‘Ans. Option (A) is correct Explanation: Equivalence class {1} is the sot of ements related t01 = (1, 5,9) 9, Let be the relation in the sot N given by Re ((e,b):a~b-2,6> 6), then (a) @deR MEHR (sen MBER (ferme SP 2021-23) Explanation: 6= 8-2 (6.8) isan clement of. 10, LetX = (28: € ND and the relation f+ X is Th uns i paid ls a oe alr‘Also, the element WNT end haven pena nective 1 A fune (a) nore deined by fay 2 +256 () one-one. (©) not onto {(D) neither one-one nor onto ‘Ans: Option (D) is conect Doe Explanation, 45) 02.438 Forone-ome, ju) = funy = 2eereag Thus, 9) not one-one Toronto, lat fi) = ysuch thaty eR we get ‘tis complex number 12 Let A = (1,23), B = (4,5, 6,7) and let = (0,9, @,5),(3,6)) bea function from Ato B, Based on the siven information, fis best defined as: (4) Surjective function —(B) Injetve function (©) Bijective function (yNone of these rena sop 2021-29) question, statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R)- ‘Choose the correct answer out ofthe following choles (A)Both A. and R are teue, and R is the correct ‘explanation of A. (Both A and R ae true, but R & not the correct ‘explanation of A. (OAistruebut Ris fale. (Dy Ais false and Ris true. 1. Assertion (A) The relation f: (1,2, 3,4) — x y= ph defined by f= ((, 2), 9) 8-2) ta bijective ae Reason (The function f {1 2,3) fa wz ph ‘schiff 0) 2) hones nwa cB uesten ark Catone Tonle MATIC, Cy 2x2 (02.468) Pea relation on X defined by P= (6,2, (43) 4.0,06.5,024, 0.99, acon te sherman tg sive below ~ one lblled Amen any other labelled Reason (R). “ty ‘serio (A): The relation Pom setXis fein | Reason The rlaion P his sub (orins0, uo} wheres ce. ny (om ‘Ana Option (A) i correct Explanation Ve have, R= (lnshxy eZ sey Put then 259 = 1, 22,23 ‘Thus, domain of R= {-3,-2.-1,0,1,3,3) 4: Assertion (A Let R= (ap) sa prime mane less than 9), then range of R= {8 27, 125 30 Reason (Here, R = (CL 1), 28), 6,20. (6h 6,125) (6,126, 348), 519, 8 ‘Ans. Option (C) correct Enleation Given = (esa prine nek Assertion comrect as: > R= (0,8),6,27, 6,129, 0,349) Ramee = (8,27 125,388) can i fae as Domain takes only prime vlc Dilease saseamcas ‘Marks ea Solve th given questions each caries math ing text and answer the 1 Read the {questions onthe basis of the same:ns and Functions R= ((¥y ¥): Vy Vz Land both use thee voting right in general election -2019) (on 2021) 4 Two neighbours X and Ye 1X exercised his voting right while Y did not east her vote in general ‘ection 2019. Which ofthe fllowsing i te? WH KNER ) (HX) R (WHER Ker 8, Option (D) is correct. Dyplanation: 1) # B "ete his Wot rg il, ¥ didnot cast hr vote in general election 2019 ‘And R= (Vy) ¥, Vye Land both use thle ‘otng ight in general etion 2019) 2.Mr.X" and his wile "W. both exerclaed their ‘voting ight in genetl election 2019, Which ofthe following tre? (A) Bath 6 Wand (W.X)€ R (B) (X, Wye Rbut (WX) eR {© Both (Wand (WX) eR (D)WHe Rout G Wek ‘Ans. Option (A) is corect. 3. Thee friends F, Fy and F, exercised ther voting Fightin general eletion-2019, then which of the following is true? (8) GAVE R Fy Fe Rand (Fy Fe R (8) oT) eR yA) e Rand Fy F)e R (© @ Fe RF, Fe Rbut(Fy Fe R (©) F, Fe R (Fy P)¢ Rand (FF) R ‘Ans. Option (A) is correct 4m the above question No.3 defined relation Ris {@) Symmetric and transitive but notrefexve (©) Univeral relation {©) Equivalence relation {) Reflexive but not symmeticand transitive ‘Ans. Option (C) is correct. Explanation: R is reflexive, since every person is frend ort ie, FpFJER Further (Fy F) R= Frond of F, = Fyisfiend of = Fy EER = Ris symmetric Moreover (FF) (Fy Fe R SF sfriend of and Fis rend of Fy SF, isatiiend of, SU yFvER ‘Therefore, isan equivalence Atferen categories Boys and Gis Pastcpants in all. Among all f then from category 1 and two from category 2 were selected forthe final race. Ravi forms two sets B and G with these participants for his college project. let B= (by by band G = (gig), where B represents the set of Boys selected and G be the set of Girls selected forthe final race. sed on the above information, answer the lowing questions: (i) Hove many relations are possible from B 1G ? (i) Among all the possible relations from B to G, how ‘many functions can be formed from 8 10 G 7 i) Let R= B > B be defined by & = ((s,y) x and y are students of the same sex). Check i R is an ‘eqhivalence gelatin, on -Afunetion {B+ Ghe defined by f= (by «). (bv ya). hth beste ety your answer. [eth set, 2025, Sol, () Number of relations = 20 = 2 = 2 = Gi) Number of functions from 0G =2°= 8 (i) R= (Gy) and yare students of same sx) Since ¥and x ae af the same sex S03) ¢ Riorallx = Risretleve Iixand yate ofthe same sex then y and ¥arealso of the same sex 2: Ris symmetric (6,9) ¢ Rand 2) e Rthen (2) €R “Then and willbe ofthe sme sex «Ris transitive Sine Rs relxivesymmetic and transitive v-Risan equivalence reation on Given Re bys bys)i ona Chatne & TE, MATE ee ~ throw ever a ‘of PxQ. ‘% : : fn(P)= mand m(Q) = mthen n(P x, 1 lhibesenon nt cay eC SEs (9) visible by 2) te edly Soe ea : suttaae eee N.Y, nea fon toi. 0.56R peels nq, is nm ay (SD), Because, for (1, 2)< R there 1 fon2m eR Q41Rajt wants to know th jst transitive snow the mumber of functions from A to B. How many sant : Because for al element of B there oct note Possible? N™ MY Mumber of tnctions are GO de Rand (ecje R OR s Sol Het? has» cleneas nde Qi the nam me ements Risreflesve since every clement of, er of factions possibe fom Pts B=11.2:3,4.5,6} edivisble byte be, 1,82),6,31(65,6 9, $0, numberof functions fom Ato B = @ furthes "a3 OO Bal Nase tae [es beaate lectin sean Ebi Sum Alia rao aay Sea naa Felations are possibte? Sol. As the total m lumber of relations that ean be defined froma set P *© Qis the number of ponsible suka e SOUT a Ss Ca savas Transit 3 (OM = Me WeAx ares yt} Le ore le Isang Scheme SOP ais} a oe + EGG der S Bah, Goer Hence, R is not reflexive. 1 A (Marking Scheme SQP 201617], Guy Treen 19 (2)--3<0 2 saras Hen Rist stn, 3. Reflexive: . Ris reflexive, a5 1 + 1+@>05@eRY aeR a Symmetie: Ps fabeR i then, 1 +ab> 0-914 fa>0 = aer A. Counter examples Hence, Ris symmetric. 1 ‘an be used only to show exceptions,Bent cay oa Nr tie 12,3), B= (4,5, 6,7) and fsa» Bis =((9),2.5),6,6) ie. f0 J9)=6. car be seen that the images of distinct elements of Aunder fare distinct. So, fis one-one. 1 Anti rs sng iat her trevetledve, symmetric and anstive.