Practical Model-Based Systems Engineering
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
1. Introduction
1.1. Book Readers
1.2. Book Context and Content
1.3. Diverse Paths to Read the Book
2. Systems Engineering
2.1. Definition and Properties of a System
2.2. The System Life Cycle
2.3. Systems Engineering, a Discipline to Deal with Complexity
2.3.1. The Need of Systems Engineering
2.3.2. Key Tasks of Systems Engineering
2.4. System Development Alternatives
2.5. Summary
References
3. Model Based Systems Engineering
3.1. Why Model-Based Systems Engineering necessary?
3.2. What is modelling in MBSE?
3.2.1. What is the use of models
3.2.2. Models and views
3.3. Modeling languages, methods and tools for MBSE
3.3.1.Modeling languages
3.3.2.MBSE methodologies
3.3.3. MBSE tools
3.4. Summary
Questions and exercises
References
4. The ISE&PPOOA Process
4.1. Integrating Systems Engineering and Software Architecting
4.2. The Challenges of the ISE&PPOOA Process
4.2.1. Implementing Non-Functional Requirements
4.2.2.Dealing with Functional and Physical Interfaces
4.3. The Conceptual Model for Systems Engineering with ISE&PPOOA
4.4. Dimensions and Main Steps of the ISE&PPOOA Process
4.5. An Extension of the ISE&PPOOA Process for Energy Efficiency Concerns
4.6. Summary
References
5. Functional Architecture
5.1. The Importance of the Functional Architecture
5.1.1. Why functional architecture is so important in systems engineering?
5.1.2. What about functional architecture for software intensive systems?
5.2. A Function as a Transformation
5.2.1. Main concepts related to the functional architecture model
5.2.2. Functional architecture models
5.3. Modeling the Functional Hierarchy
5.4. Modeling the Functional Flows
5.5. Describing Functions and Functional Interfaces
5.6. Functional Requirements
5.7. Summary
References
6. Heuristics to Apply in the Engineering of Systems
6.1. Heuristics Framework
6.2. Systems Architecting Heuristics
6.3. Reliability and Maintainability Heuristics
6.4. Efficiency Heuristics
6.5. Safety Heuristics
6.6. Resilience Heuristics
6.7. Software Architecting Heuristics using the PPOOA Framework
6.8. Summary
References
7. Physical Architecture
7.1. Physical Architecture in Systems Engineering
7.1.1. Main concepts related to the physical architectural model
7.1.2. The Functional, Physical and Quality trees in ISE&PPOOA
7.1.3. Other architecture models
7.2. Allocation and modularity
7.3. Design heuristics for refining the architecture
7.4. Software architecting with the PPOOA framework
7.4.1.The domain model
7.4.2.Software components and the PPOOA vocabulary
7.4.3.Coordination mechanisms
7.4.4. Software behavior and Causal Flow of Activities
7.5. Summary
Questions and exercises
References
8. Example of Application. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Electric Subsystem
8.1. Example Overview, Needs and Capabilities
8.1.1. Operational Scenarios and Use cases
8.1.2.System Capabilities
8.2. Functional Architecture and System Requirements
8.2.1.Functional Architecture
8.2.2.System Requirements
8.3. Physical Architecture and Heuristics Applied
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8.3.1.Heuristics Applied
8.3.2.Physical Architecture
8.4. Summary
References
9. Example of Application. Collaborative robot
9.1. Example Overview, Needs and Capabilities
9.1.1. Step 1: Identify Operational Scenarios
9.1.2. Step 2.a.: Capabilities and high-level functional requirements
9.1.3.Step 2.b: Quality attributes and system NFRs
9.2. Functional Architecture and System Requirements
9.2.1. Functional Architecture
9.2.2. System requirements
9.3. Physical Architecture and Heuristics Applied
9.3.1. Modular architecture
9.3.2. Application of heuristics to refine the physical architecture
9.3.3. Representation of the refined physical architecture
9.4. Software architecture
9.5. Summary
References
10. Example of Application. Energy Efficiency for the Steam Generation Process of a Coal
Power Plant
10.1. Example Overview
10.2. Functional Architecture of the Steam Generation Process
10.3. Physical Architecture of the Steam Generation Subsystem
10.4. Equations and Correlations of the Matter and Energy Balances
10.5. Results
10.6. Summary
References
11. Trade-off Analysis
11.1. Trade-off and the Architecture Decision Process
11.2. Trade-off Assessment Criteria and Utility Functions
11.3 A Trade-off Subprocess to Be Used with the ISE&PPOOA Process
11.4. Summary
References
12. Other Topics of Interest and Next Steps
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12.1. Agile Development
12.1.1. Principles and misconceptions about agility
12.1.2. Scalability and agile approaches
12.1.3. ISE&PPOOA process and agility
12.2. Architecture Evaluation and Model Checking
12.2.1. Architecture Evaluation
12.2.2. Diverse practices for architecture evaluation
12.3. Next Steps Recommended to the Reader
12.4. Summary
References
Appendix A. SysML Notation
A.1 The use of SysML in the ISE&PPOOA methodology
A.1.1 SysML Diagrams in ISE&PPOOA
A.2 SysML for the ISE&PPOOA Structural perspective
A.2.1 Blocks and Block Definition Diagram
A.2.2 SysML Internal Block diagram: parts, ports, connectors and flows
A.3 SysML for the ISE&PPOOA behavioral perspective
A.3.1 Activity nodes
A.3.2 Control nodes
A.4 Other SysML elements and views in ISE&PPOOA
A.4.1 Allocation
A.4.2 Use case diagram
A.4.3 Constraint blocks and Parametric diagrams
A.4.4 Requirements
5. Complementing SysML: PPOOA architecture diagram
References
Appendix B. Requirements Framework
B.1 Needs, Requirements and Capabilities
B.2 Requirements Classification
B.3 Requirements Flow-Down in Systems Development
B.4 Models and requirements
B.5 Requirements Templates
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