CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Overview

This project focuses on implementing Blue-Green Deployment strategies for web applications

using AWS cloud services and DevOps tools like Jenkins, Docker, and Terraform. Traditionally,

application deployments may cause downtime and user disruption. The proposed system

integrates DevOps best practices to ensure zero-downtime deployments by managing two

identical environments (Blue and Green) and automating traffic switching through load balancers

and DNS management.

It supports both manual and automated deployments, giving organizations the flexibility to

choose between fine-grained control and scalable automation.

1.1.1 Statement of the Problem

Traditional deployment methods can be:

Time-consuming

Error-prone

Risky with potential downtime

Complex for scaling with microservices

Additionally, the growing complexity of cloud-native applications demands faster, more reliable,

and automated deployment strategies. This project addresses the problem by using a Blue-Green

Deployment approach combined with AWS and DevOps tools to achieve seamless, risk-free

releases.

1.1.2 Brief Description of the Project

The Blue-Green Deployment project offers:

A system where two identical environments (Blue and Green) are maintained

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A CI/CD pipeline using Jenkins that automates building, testing, and deploying the application to

the Green environment

Automated or manual traffic switching using AWS services like Route53 and Elastic Load

Balancer

Optional features like rollback to Blue in case of deployment failures

Security-focused design ensuring minimal disruption during deployments and protecting user

data integrity

1.1.3 Objectives of the Project

Implement Blue-Green Deployment for zero-downtime web application releases

Automate the build, test, and deploy process using Jenkins and AWS services

Provide a consistent and error-free method of deploying applications

Reduce the risk and time associated with traditional deployment methods

Offer flexibility through support for both manual and automated traffic switching

Increase productivity for DevOps engineers and developers

Allow scalability and adaptability across different cloud environments and use cases

1.1.4 Scope of the Project

Included:

Blue-Green Deployment strategy implementation using AWS services

CI/CD Pipeline creation using Jenkins

Support for containerized (Docker) and non-containerized applications

Infrastructure provisioning (optional) using Terraform or AWS Console

Excluded:

Complete application development (focus is only on deployment)

Advanced monitoring/logging setups (CloudWatch basic alarms only)

Deep application performance testing (though it can be added in future enhancements)

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1.2 Software and Hardware Requirements

1.2.1 Software Specifications

Programming Language: Python 3.8+ (for simple scripting if needed)

CI/CD Tool: Jenkins

AWS Services: EC2, Elastic Load Balancer (ALB), Route53, S3, Auto Scaling Groups

Containerization Tools: Docker (optional if app is containerized)

Infrastructure as Code: Terraform (optional)

Version Control: Git

Monitoring: AWS CloudWatch

1.2.2 Hardware Specifications

Minimum (for Jenkins server or local testing):

CPU: Intel i5/i7 or AMD Ryzen 5+

RAM: 8 GB (16 GB recommended)

Storage: SSD with 30+ GB free space

Cloud Requirements:

AWS account with access to EC2, S3, ELB, Route53 services

Stable internet connection for cloud deployments

1.3 Functional and Non-Functional Requirements

Functional Requirements

CI/CD Pipeline: Automate build, test, deploy phases

Environment Management: Maintain Blue and Green environments separately

Traffic Routing: Switch traffic between environments using Load Balancer or DNS

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Rollback Mechanism: Ability to revert back to Blue if Green deployment fails

Monitoring and Alerts: Setup basic CloudWatch alarms for health checks

Non-Functional Requirements

Performance: Deployment should switch environments with less than 5 seconds of downtime

Reliability: Ensure 99.9% application availability during deployment

Usability: Pipeline and deployment process must be intuitive and easy to operate

Security: Secure access to AWS resources, encrypted environment variables

Scalability: Should support auto-scaling of environments

Maintainability: Code, pipeline scripts, and infrastructure should be modular for easy updates and

scaling

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Existing Research and Related Work

Recent advances in Cloud Computing, CI/CD pipelines, and Infrastructure Automation have led to the
adoption of techniques like Blue-Green Deployment. In Blue-Green Deployment, two identical production
environments (blue and green) are maintained to reduce downtime and risk during application updates.
Research by Amazon Web Services (AWS) and continuous delivery experts highlights that this method
minimizes service disruption and rollback complexities.
In the DevOps domain, tools like AWS Elastic Beanstalk, AWS CodeDeploy, Jenkins, and Spinnaker have
emerged to implement Blue-Green strategies, but they still require careful manual configuration. The lack
of standardized, fully automated solutions across diverse tech stacks presents challenges.
Key studies such as:

● "Infrastructure Automation Patterns with AWS" (AWS Whitepaper, 2020),

● "Continuous Delivery and Deployment Best Practices" (Google Cloud Research, 2021), and

● "Blue-Green Deployment Using Kubernetes" (CNCF Research, 2022)

have demonstrated the efficiency gains of Blue-Green deployments while pointing out the
complexity of integration across hybrid environments.
Over the past decade, deployment strategies have evolved from manual releases to fully
automated, reliable pipelines. However, seamless management of two parallel production
environments without service interruption remains an engineering challenge.

Key Contributions in Related Work:

AWS Elastic Beanstalk Blue-Green Deployment:

● Simplifies deployment swapping with minimal setup.

● However, is more suited to basic apps, needs customization for advanced workloads.

● Open-source multi-cloud delivery platform supporting advanced deployment strategies.

● Requires significant setup and maintenance effort.

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Kubernetes Blue-Green Deployment:

● Involves using Services and Deployments smartly for zero downtime.

● Still requires strong Kubernetes expertise to configure correctly.

Existing CI/CD Tools:

● Jenkins, GitLab CI, and CircleCI allow Blue-Green style releases via scripting.

● No out-of-the-box Blue-Green modules; needs scripting and plugins.

Limitations in Existing Research:

● No universal framework automates Blue-Green deployment across all cloud providers.

● Lack of real-time rollback intelligence when post-deployment validation fails.

● Most studies focus on either public cloud or Kubernetes, but not hybrid/multi-cloud environments
together.

2.2 Gaps in Existing Systems

Despite considerable advancement in deployment automation, specific gaps still exist in applying Blue-
Green Deployments consistently across environments. The major gaps identified are:

Identified Gaps:

Area Existing Limitation

Automation Most solutions need manual steps to shift traffic between environments.

Accessibility Complex setup; non-experts struggle with VPCs, load balancers, and
route swapping.

Integration of DevOps No streamlined connection between popular DevOps tools and Blue-
Tools Green patterns.

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 Deployment Flexibility Limited hybrid cloud or multi-cloud Blue-Green deployment support.

Monitoring & Validation Weak integration for automatic health checks and rollback triggers.

Cost Optimization Running two environments can be expensive; no built-in auto-scaling

during idle time.

2.3 Overview of Technologies Used

This project leverages AWS services and DevOps tools to deliver a reliable Blue-Green deployment
framework. Technologies used include:

Cloud & DevOps Components:

● AWS Elastic Beanstalk / EC2 / ECS: Hosts the application across Blue and Green environments.

● AWS CodePipeline and CodeDeploy: Automate deployment, traffic shifting, and rollback.

● AWS Application Load Balancer (ALB): Routes live traffic between Blue and Green stacks.

● AWS Route 53: (Optional) For DNS-based environment switching.

DevOps Tools:

● Jenkins: Automates build-test-deploy pipelines integrated with AWS services.

● Terraform: Defines infrastructure as code (IaC) for environment reproducibility.

● Docker: Containerizes applications for easier deployment across environments.

● Kubernetes (Optional): If using EKS clusters for container orchestration during Blue-Green.

Monitoring and Validation:

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 ● AWS CloudWatch and AWS X-Ray: Monitor application health, error rates, and trigger alarms.

● Manual/Automated Validation Scripts: Ensure successful deployment before full traffic cutover.

2.4 Comparison of Different Approaches

Comparing traditional deployment, rolling updates, and Blue-Green strategies highlights the advantages of
this project's approach:

Feature Traditional Rolling Update Blue-Green Deployment

Deployment (This Project)

Ease of Use High – Direct Medium – Requires Medium – Needs two

deployment versioning environments

Downtime High – Service Medium – Short Low – Zero downtime possible

Risk interruption interruptions

Rollback Slow – Redeploy Medium – Previous versions Fast – Immediate environment

Speed needed available swap

Traffic Control None Partial Full control over traffic

Automation Low – Manual scripts Medium – Pipelines with High – Full pipeline-based
scripts automation

Monitoring Basic Moderate Advanced – CloudWatch

integrated

Cost Low Medium High (can optimize with

scaling policies)

Scalability Manual scaling Gradual Immediate scaling with new

needed environment

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Although traditional and rolling updates are simpler for small apps, Blue-Green Deployment excels for
mission-critical systems requiring high availability and instant rollback.
This project fills the missing gap by combining AWS's managed services and DevOps automation tools to
create a reusable, flexible, and production-grade Blue-Green deployment pipeline.

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY & SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1 Existing System

3.1.1 Overview of Current System

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In the current DevOps landscape, application deployment is often done using traditional methods
such as rolling updates, canary deployments, or manual server switching. However, these
approaches present several drawbacks, especially in production environments.

Deployment Practices:

● Rolling Updates: Gradually replace instances, which can impact users during transition.

● Manual Server Switch: Moving traffic manually between old and new environments.

● Downtime-Prone: Application downtime during deployment is common if errors occur.

● Hard Rollbacks: Reverting to a stable version after a failed deployment can be complex.

Tools Commonly Used:

● AWS EC2 Instances with Auto Scaling Groups

● Load Balancers (AWS Elastic Load Balancer - ELB)

● Jenkins, GitLab CI, AWS CodePipeline for CI/CD

● Manual DNS or Elastic IP reconfiguration for switching

3.1.2 Challenges and Limitations

Category Limitation

Downtime Rolling updates or manual switches can lead to user-facing downtime.

Risky Rollbacks Failed deployments are harder to roll back quickly.

Manual Effort Requires manual traffic shifting or DNS manipulation.

Error-Prone Misconfigurations can lead to incomplete rollouts or production failures.

Lack of Testing New versions might not be fully tested in a real-world environment
before deployment.

Limited Often lacks complete automation for production-grade deployments.

Automation

These limitations heavily affect application availability, especially in environments demanding

high uptime (e.g., e-commerce, finance, healthcare).

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3.2 Proposed System
The proposed system aims to implement Blue-Green Deployment using AWS services and
DevOps automation tools.
It enables seamless deployments with near-zero downtime by maintaining two separate
production environments (Blue and Green).

3.2.1 System Architecture

High-Level Architecture Components:

● AWS EC2 Auto Scaling Groups (ASGs)

Hosts the Blue and Green environments.

● Elastic Load Balancer (ELB)

Routes traffic to either Blue or Green environment.

● AWS CodePipeline / Jenkins / GitLab CI

Automates build, test, and deployment stages.

● Route 53 / Elastic IP / DNS Routing

Handles switching between environments.

● Monitoring Tools (CloudWatch, Prometheus, Grafana)

For health checks and alerting.

Deployment Workflow:

1. Blue environment runs the current stable version.

2. Green environment hosts the new application version.

3. Traffic is initially routed to Blue.

4. After Green passes health checks, the Load Balancer switches traffic to Green.

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 5. If issues are found, easy rollback to Blue.

3.2.2 Features and Functionalities

Core Functionalities:

Feature Description

Parallel Environments Separate Blue and Green production environments.

Zero-Downtime Switch traffic seamlessly without user interruption.

Easy Rollback Instantly revert to the previous stable version.

CI/CD Integration Automated build, test, and deploy pipelines.

Health Check & Validate application performance before routing production

Monitoring traffic.

DNS Switching Use Route53 or ELB Listener Rules for traffic management.

Advanced Features:

Feature Description

Auto-Scaling Dynamic scaling of instances in Blue/Green environments.

Infrastructure as Code Environment setup using Terraform, CloudFormation, or

Ansible.

Pre/Post Deployment Automated smoke testing and performance checks.

Testing

Traffic Splitting (Optional) Canary-style partial traffic routing before full switch.

Security Features:

● Proper IAM roles for CodePipeline, EC2, and deployment scripts.

● Security Groups restrict access to environment instances.

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 ● Encrypted environment variables and secrets management (e.g., AWS Secrets Manager).

3.3 Benefits of the Proposed System

Benefit Description

Increased Uptime Eliminates downtime during deployment.

Safer Rollbacks Instant rollback in case of deployment failures.

Improved Deployment Faster and more confident production releases.

Speed

Automation Friendly Can be easily integrated into automated CI/CD pipelines.

Better Testing Full testing in production-like environments before user

exposure.

Scalability Easily scales with infrastructure-as-code and auto-scaling

groups.

3.4 Feasibility Study

3.4.1 Technical Feasibility

Available Tools and Technologies:

● AWS EC2, ELB, Route53

● AWS CodePipeline, CodeDeploy, Jenkins, GitLab CI

● Infrastructure as Code (Terraform, CloudFormation)

● Monitoring via CloudWatch and third-party tools (Grafana, Prometheus)

Resource Requirements:

● Minimal: Two sets of environments (Blue + Green)

● Recommended: Auto Scaling setup with Health Checks

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Skills Availability:

● Knowledge of AWS services

● Familiarity with CI/CD principles

● Infrastructure automation skills (optional but beneficial)

Conclusion:
Technically highly feasible with widely available AWS and DevOps toolsets.

3.4.2 Economic Feasibility

Component Estimated Cost

EC2 Instances ~$10–$100/month depending on instance types and number

of replicas.

Load Balancer ~$20–$40/month depending on usage.

CodePipeline/CI tools ~$0–$10/month (AWS Free Tier or Jenkins self-hosted)

Monitoring (CloudWatch) ~$5–$20/month depending on alarms and data volume.

Domain Management ~$1–$3/month per hosted zone.

(Route53)

Long-Term Savings:

● Saves downtime costs and customer dissatisfaction.

● Reduces manual labor and error fixing post-deployment.

Conclusion:
Economically feasible for small, medium, and enterprise applications.

3.4.3 Operational Feasibility

Ease of Use:

● Minimal manual work once automation is set up.

● Easy switching via Load Balancer or DNS routing.

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User Acceptance:

● High, due to increased deployment reliability and reduced downtime.

Integration:

● Can be smoothly integrated with existing CI/CD workflows.

● No major overhaul needed for application codebases.

Training Requirements:

● Basic AWS and CI/CD pipeline knowledge.

Reliability and Maintenance:

● High reliability due to modular Blue/Green structure.

● Easy to upgrade or patch environments independently.

CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

4.1 System Architecture (High-Level Design)

4.1.1 Conceptual Design

This section outlines the overall design of the proposed Blue-Green Deployment system for web
applications using AWS and DevOps tools from a high-level perspective. The architecture is
composed of several key components working together to automate, manage, and streamline zero-
downtime deployments:

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1. User Interface (UI)

● A simple web-based dashboard or command-line interface (CLI).

● Allows users to input:

○ Application name and technology stack (e.g., Python, Node.js, Java)

○ Deployment environment settings (e.g., production, staging)

○ Deployment strategy options (traffic shifting percentage, DNS switch)

○ Versioning information for deployments (e.g., v1.0, v1.1)

○ Additional configurations like environment variables, ports, and scaling parameters

2. Backend Server

● Built using a lightweight web framework (e.g., Flask, FastAPI, or Node.js Express).

● Responsibilities include:

○ Receiving and validating deployment requests.

○ Preparing the deployment workflow based on user inputs.

○ Communicating with CI/CD pipelines and AWS services.

○ Managing environment states (active Blue vs standby Green).

3. Deployment Automation Module

● Core component responsible for executing deployments across AWS.

● Functions:

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 ○ Automates deployment to either Blue or Green environment on AWS (using EC2,
ECS, or EKS).

○ Handles traffic routing configurations using Load Balancers (ALB/NLB).

○ Interfaces with Jenkins, CodePipeline, or GitLab CI to automate build, test, and

deploy phases.

○ Integrates health checks before final environment switching.

4. Traffic Management Module

● Manages the live traffic routing during deployments.

● Responsibilities:

○ Switches user traffic from Blue to Green environment upon successful validation.

○ Uses AWS Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) or Route 53 weighted routing.

○ Supports rollback capability by re-routing traffic back to the Blue environment in

case of failures.

5. Storage and Artifact Repository (Optional)

● Manages:

○ Storage of build artifacts (Docker images, WAR files, etc.) in AWS S3 or AWS
ECR.

○ Deployment history and rollback versions.

○ Caching frequently used configurations for faster deployments.

6. Security and Monitoring Layer

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 ● Critical for ensuring secure and stable deployment operations.

● Handles:

○ IAM roles and policies for limited, secure access to AWS services.

○ Encryption of environment variables and credentials.

○ Real-time monitoring using AWS CloudWatch, Prometheus, or Grafana.

○ Health checks and alarm setups for post-deployment monitoring.

Overall System Flow:

1. User submits deployment details via Web UI or CLI.

2. Backend Server validates input and prepares the deployment workflow.

3. Deployment Automation Module triggers build, test, and deploy pipeline.

4. Application is deployed to the Green environment.

5. Traffic Management Module monitors and validates the Green environment.

6. If successful, Traffic is switched from Blue to Green.

7. Monitoring tools ensure service stability post-deployment.

Key Benefits:

● Zero Downtime Deployment: Users experience uninterrupted service during updates.

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● Instant Rollback: If errors are detected, traffic can quickly be re-routed back to the Blue
environment.

● Automated and Reliable: Full CI/CD integration for faster and more dependable releases.

● Scalable and Flexible: Supports auto-scaling and hybrid deployment architectures.

● Security Focused: Secure access, encrypted secrets, and real-time monitoring ensure
operational integrity.

Flow chart for blue green deployment simulation

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4.2 Detailed Design (Low-Level Design)
4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

●
User Inputs Backend Validates Input Deployment Strategy Chosen (Blue or Green) Traffic Manage

Sample live data flow in productio

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4.2.2 Use Case Diagram

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4.2.4 Class Diagram
If object-oriented design is used:

Classes:

● UserInput: Handles form input validation

● PromptBuilder: Prepares structured prompts

● LLMClient: Interfaces with OpenAI/Ollama API

● ScriptFormatter: Converts raw text into Dockerfile/YAML

● StorageManager: Optional class for storing generated files

When applying object-oriented design to a system that generates Dockerfiles and Kubernetes
YAMLs using LLMs, we break the system into logical components, each represented by a class.

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23
CHAPTER 5: IMPLEMENTATION & CODING
This chapter provides an overview of the system architecture and design approach for
implementing Blue-Green Deployment strategies for web applications. The system leverages
AWS cloud services, Jenkins, Docker, and Terraform to ensure zero-downtime deployments,
ensuring high availability and reliability while minimizing user disruption.

5.1 Programming Language and Frameworks Used

For the implementation of this Blue-Green Deployment system, the following programming
languages, libraries, and frameworks were utilized:

Programming Language

● Python

○ Python is used for its simplicity, extensive libraries, and compatibility with AWS
SDKs (boto3) and Terraform automation.

○ Used for writing automation scripts, managing resources, and controlling

infrastructure as code.

DevOps Tools

● Jenkins

○ Jenkins is used for CI/CD pipelines, automating the build, test, and deployment
processes.

○ It integrates with AWS and Docker to automate Blue-Green Deployment steps and
monitor the process.

● Docker

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 ○ Docker is used for containerization, ensuring that applications run consistently
across different environments (Blue and Green).

○ Docker images are built and stored in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR)
and deployed using AWS services like ECS or EKS.

● Terraform

○ Terraform is used for infrastructure provisioning, ensuring that AWS resources

(such as load balancers, ECS clusters, and Auto Scaling Groups) are managed
using infrastructure as code.

○ It simplifies resource management, tracking, and scaling for both Blue and Green
environments.

● AWS Cloud Services

○ Amazon Elastic Load Balancer (ELB): Used to switch traffic between Blue and
Green environments seamlessly without downtime.

○ Amazon Route 53: For DNS management to redirect traffic between Blue and
Green environments.

○ Amazon ECS (Elastic Container Service): For deploying Docker containers into
AWS, used for running the Blue and Green environments.

○ AWS Lambda (Optional): For automation scripts and additional integrations

(e.g., automated testing, traffic switching).

5.2 Algorithmic Approach

The Blue-Green Deployment system is designed to ensure zero downtime by managing two
identical environments (Blue and Green). The system uses a series of automated and manual steps

25
to switch traffic between the environments, ensuring that users are always routed to a stable and
live version of the application.

Flowchart Overview

Start

Build Docker images (using Jenkins)

Push images to Amazon ECR

Provision infrastructure (Blue and Green environments) using

Terraform

Deploy Docker containers into ECS (Blue/Green environments)

Configure Load Balancer (ELB) to point to Blue environment

(initially)

Deploy new version to Green environment

Automate testing (optional)

26
 Switch traffic from Blue to Green (via ELB or Route 53)

Monitor for stability (manual or automated checks)

If Green is stable, shut down Blue environment; else, roll back

to Blue

End

Detailed Steps

1. Build and Containerize the Application

● Jenkins Pipeline: The process starts with Jenkins pulling the latest application code from
the repository and building a Docker image.

● The Docker image is then pushed to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) for
storage and later deployment.

2. Provision AWS Infrastructure

● Terraform is used to provision the necessary AWS resources for the Blue and Green
environments, including:

○ Elastic Load Balancer (ELB): Configured to route traffic between the two
environments.

○ Amazon ECS: Each environment (Blue and Green) is deployed as a separate ECS
cluster or service, running identical application containers.

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 ○ Auto Scaling Groups (ASGs): Automatically scale ECS tasks based on load.

○ Amazon Route 53: Manages DNS for seamless routing between Blue and Green
environments.

3. Deploy to Blue and Green Environments

● Initially, traffic is routed to the Blue environment, which is the live production
environment.

● The new version of the application is deployed to the Green environment. This version is
identical to the Blue environment, except for the new updates.

4. Automated or Manual Testing

● Automated Testing (Optional): Jenkins can trigger automated tests to validate that the new
version in the Green environment is working as expected. If tests pass, the deployment
continues.

● Alternatively, manual testing can be conducted before switching traffic.

5. Traffic Switching

● Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) or Amazon Route 53 is used to reroute traffic from the Blue
environment to the Green environment.

○ ELB: Automatically switches traffic between Blue and Green without downtime.

○ Route 53: If using DNS-based switching, Route 53 updates the DNS records to
point to the Green environment’s IP address.

6. Monitor and Verify Stability

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 ● Manual or Automated Monitoring: After traffic is switched to Green, the system monitors
performance metrics (such as response times and error rates) to ensure the new
environment is stable.

7. Clean Up

● Once the Green environment has been verified as stable, the Blue environment is
decommissioned. If there are any issues, the traffic can be switched back to Blue, allowing
time for debugging and fixing issues.

Key Highlights:

● Zero Downtime: The core objective of Blue-Green Deployment is to ensure that there is
no downtime during application updates, and traffic is routed seamlessly between
environments.

● Automated and Manual Control: The system provides flexibility by supporting both
automated and manual deployment and testing processes.

● Scalable Infrastructure: Using AWS and Terraform ensures that infrastructure can scale
automatically, depending on the application’s needs.

● DevOps Best Practices: The system follows best practices in DevOps by automating
CI/CD pipelines with Jenkins, using infrastructure as code (Terraform), and
containerization with Docker.

5.3 Code Snippets and Explanation

SNIPPET - 1
provider "aws" {

region = "us-east-1"

access_key = "YOUR_ACCESS_KEY"

secret_key = "YOUR_SECRET_KEY"

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}

resource "aws_instance" "swiggy_server" {

ami = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"

instance_type = "t2.micro"

tags = {

Name = "Swiggy-Kastro-Server"

#!/bin/bash

echo "Initializing Terraform..."

terraform init

echo "Planning Terraform deployment..."

terraform plan

echo "Applying Terraform configuration..."

terraform apply -auto-approve

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5.3.1 Key Functionalities for Blue-Green Deployment (Web Applications)

1. Form Input Collection:

○ Project type: Web app (e.g., Node.js, React, etc.).

○ Deployment preferences: Blue or Green environment.

○ Tech stack: Frameworks, languages, and dependencies.

○ Deployment details: Whether the deployment is manual or automated, and how

traffic should be routed between environments.

2. Validation Module:

○ Ensures all necessary fields are completed, specifically for determining if the user
is deploying to the Blue or Green environment.

○ Verifies configurations such as load balancer settings, traffic rules, and DNS
settings.

3. Traffic Routing Setup:

○ Based on user input, the system prepares traffic routing logic to switch between
Blue and Green environments:

■ Blue: The currently active environment.

■ Green: The environment to be updated and tested.

○ Defines the rules for routing user traffic to the active environment and preparing
the switch once the update is verified.

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 4. Deployment Configuration:

○ The system prepares deployment configurations for the web application, whether
it’s setting up environments using load balancers, DNS records, or other traffic
routing methods.

○ Ensures that during the deployment, only one environment (either Blue or Green)
receives live traffic, and the other is idle for updates.

CHAPTER 6: SOFTWARE TESTING

6.1 Testing Strategies

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Software testing ensures the reliability, performance, and functionality of the developed Blue-
Green Deployment system. Multiple levels of testing are performed to verify the correct
operation of individual components and their interactions in the deployment process.

6.1.1 Unit Testing

Objective:
To test individual modules and functions to ensure each one performs as expected in isolation.

Tested Components:

● Input validation for Blue-Green deployment configuration

● Traffic switching logic for load balancer setup (Blue and Green environments)

● Deployment automation scripts (Dockerfile/YAML generation logic)

● AWS infrastructure provisioning scripts (Terraform module for Blue and Green
environments)

● CI/CD pipeline logic (Jenkins job for deployment automation)

● DNS management for Blue-Green traffic redirection

Tools Used:

● pytest for Python functions

● Mocking frameworks for simulating AWS resources and Jenkins pipeline execution (e.g.,
unittest.mock)

6.1.2 Integration Testing

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Objective:
To ensure that the modules work correctly when combined, and data flows properly between
them, ensuring that deployments are seamlessly automated.

Tested Integrations:

● Frontend deployment input form with backend configuration handling (validating

deployment parameters)

● Backend communication with AWS services (e.g., Elastic Load Balancer, EC2 instances,
Route 53 for traffic switching)

● Jenkins CI/CD pipeline integration for triggering the deployment from code push to
production

● AI-assisted configuration generation for Dockerfile/YAML to configure deployment

scripts

● Script output to UI for final user view, including successful deployment status and traffic
switch confirmation

Scenarios Covered:

● Valid deployment inputs trigger the correct traffic switch from Blue to Green environment

● Dockerfile and Kubernetes YAML files are generated and deployed correctly based on AI-
assisted suggestions

● User interface displays deployment status, error logs (if any), and confirmation messages
without delay

● Verification that AWS services interact as expected during Blue-Green traffic switching
and backend processing

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Tools Used:

● Postman for API endpoint testing (to test traffic switching between environments)

● pytest and simulated frontend inputs for testing Jenkins-triggered deployments

● Docker and Kubernetes testing environments for integration with AWS services

6.1.3 System Testing

Objective:
To verify the complete end-to-end functionality of the Blue-Green deployment system in both
local and cloud environments.

Environment Setup:

● Local setup: Simulate Blue-Green environments using Docker containers and Minikube
for testing the traffic switching

● Cloud-based integration: Use AWS resources (Elastic Load Balancer, EC2, Route 53) for
actual Blue-Green environment deployments

● Sample user inputs for application deployments in various languages and configurations

Test Goals:

● Ensure the Blue-Green deployment system runs as expected under normal conditions, with
minimal downtime during environment switches

● Verify the integration between frontend UI, backend logic, AI model for script generation,
and AWS infrastructure deployment works seamlessly

● Ensure the system performs well under both normal load and edge cases (boundary
conditions like large-scale traffic redirection)

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 ● Validate UI/UX, including accurate deployment progress updates, error handling, and
performance (response time and traffic switch speed)

● Check that traffic is directed properly from Blue to Green and back, based on both manual
and automated processes

● Confirm that AWS services such as EC2, ELB, and Route 53 manage the traffic flow
effectively during deployments

Tools Used:

● Local environments: Docker and Minikube for deployment simulation

● Cloud-based environments: AWS for production-grade testing

● Load testing tools: To verify system performance under various conditions

6.2 Test Cases

6.2.1 Sample Test Cases with Expected vs. Actual Results

36
The Blue-Green Deployment system was thoroughly tested to ensure reliability, seamless
performance, and smooth user experience during deployments. Testing was carried out at multiple
levels — unit, integration, and system testing — covering both individual components and the
complete deployment workflow.

CHAPTER 7: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

37
This chapter presents the experimental environment, performance observations, and comparative
analysis for the deployment of a web application using the Blue-Green Deployment strategy. The
goal is to demonstrate the system’s reliability, performance improvements, and smooth user
experience achieved through controlled deployments.

7.1 Experimental Setup

To ensure a comprehensive evaluation, the Blue-Green Deployment process was tested in both
local and cloud environments. The setup aimed to simulate real-world deployment conditions for
web applications.

7.1.1 Hardware and Software Configuration

Component Specification / Technology

System Laptop/Desktop with 8 GB RAM, Intel i5 / AMD Ryzen 5

Operating System Ubuntu 22.04 LTS / Windows 11

Frontend Framework HTML, CSS, JavaScript (with optional ReactJS)

Backend Python (Flask or FastAPI) / Node.js (Express)

Deployment Tools Docker CLI, Kubernetes (Minikube), AWS EC2, ELB

Storage Local database / AWS S3 (for static assets)

Security Basic token authentication and HTTPS configuration

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 Browsers Tested Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox

Applications were containerized using Docker and deployed using Kubernetes clusters. AWS
Elastic Load Balancer and Route 53 were used to manage traffic between Blue and Green
environments.

7.1.2 Deployment Strategy

● Blue-Green Setup: Two identical environments (Blue and Green) were configured.

● Traffic Switching: Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) was used to shift user traffic between
environments after deployment validation.

● Rollback Plan: In case of failure, traffic could immediately revert to the stable
environment.

This strategy minimized downtime, ensured continuous availability, and allowed rapid recovery
from deployment issues.

7.2 Results and Observations

The deployment system was evaluated based on the following criteria:

● Downtime during deployment

● Accuracy of updates and configurations

● Traffic switching efficiency

● System response time and stability

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 ● Rollback handling in case of failures

Observations

Aspect Performance

Application Deployment Successful in both Blue and Green environments

Traffic Switch Smooth and instantaneous using Load Balancer

Rollback Readiness Immediate rollback capability with minimal downtime

Deployment Accuracy Correct deployment of application versions and configurations

Downtime Less than 2 seconds observed during live traffic switching

Load Handling Handled normal and peak loads efficiently across environments

UI/UX Seamless user experience maintained during deployment

transitions

The Blue-Green approach demonstrated a clear advantage by allowing the new version of the
application to be tested in the Green environment before live traffic was redirected, significantly
reducing deployment risks.

7.3 Comparison with Traditional Deployment Methods

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 Criteria Traditional Deployment Blue-Green Deployment

Downtime High (during server restart/update) Minimal (near-zero)

Deployment Risk High (direct impact on users) Low (testing before switching)

Rollback Complexity High (manual intervention) Low (automatic traffic reversal)

User Experience Impact Significant during updates Barely noticeable

Automation Possibility Limited High (using CI/CD pipelines)

Conclusion of Results

The experimental evaluation confirms that Blue-Green Deployment is highly effective for web
application deployment, ensuring minimal downtime, seamless user experience, and quick
recovery in case of failures. By maintaining two identical environments and controlling traffic
flow smartly, deployment risks were significantly reduced compared to traditional methods. The
strategy offers a modern, reliable approach for continuous delivery and operational stability in
web applications.

7.4 Screenshots of Working System

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fig 1.1 : Creating and initialising infrastructure with Terraform

fig 1.2 : Configuring Jenkins for CI/CD pipeline

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 fig 1.3 : Installing plugins from jenkins

fig 1.4 : Jenkins build successful for web application

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 fig 1.5 : Build logs for above image

fig 1.6 : Web application deployed successfully

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CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
ENHANCEMENTS

8.1 Conclusion

This project, "Web Application Deployment Using Blue-Green Strategy," was designed and
implemented to ensure high-availability, minimal downtime, and reliable rollout of application
updates in a production environment. By maintaining two identical environments — Blue (current
production) and Green (new version) — the project allowed safe deployment of updates with an
immediate rollback mechanism in case of failures.

The system effectively automated deployment steps such as application containerization,

environment provisioning, traffic switching using load balancers, and monitoring of deployment
success. Testing in both local and cloud environments validated the stability and effectiveness of
the approach.

Through Blue-Green Deployment, user experience was preserved even during critical updates,
operational risks were significantly reduced, and deployment processes became more predictable
and controllable. This method also enabled seamless scaling and faster recovery from potential
production issues.

In summary, the project successfully demonstrates that Blue-Green Deployment is a highly

reliable, efficient, and practical strategy for modern web application delivery.

8.2 Limitations of the Project

Despite achieving its core objectives, the project has a few limitations:

● Infrastructure Cost: Maintaining two separate environments (Blue and Green) can
increase operational costs, especially for large-scale applications.

● Traffic Management Complexity: Properly managing DNS and load balancers requires
careful planning and might lead to temporary routing issues if not configured correctly.

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 ● Rollback Coverage: While code rollbacks are immediate, database schema changes or
persistent storage updates may still require additional manual handling.

● Limited Dynamic Scaling: The project currently handles fixed environments; integration
with auto-scaling policies for Blue-Green environments can be further improved.

● Manual Monitoring: Although traffic switching is automated, failure detection and

rollback decisions still rely on manual validation during testing.

8.3 Scope for Future Enhancements

Several future enhancements are possible to further strengthen the Blue-Green Deployment
process:

● Automated Health Checks: Integrate health check scripts to automatically verify the new
environment before switching traffic.

● Zero Downtime Database Migration: Implement advanced database migration strategies

(e.g., versioned migrations, dual writes) to handle schema changes smoothly during
deployments.

● Dynamic Cost Optimization: Develop automated scaling policies to deactivate idle

environments after successful deployment to reduce costs.

● Multi-Region Deployments: Extend the strategy to support multi-region Blue-Green

setups for global failover and disaster recovery.

● Real-Time Traffic Analysis: Use analytics to monitor live user interactions and automate
rollback if anomalies are detected post-switch.

● ChatOps Integration: Integrate deployment controls into messaging platforms (like Slack
or MS Teams) for easier deployment and monitoring via commands.

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 ● Pipeline Integration: Deepen CI/CD integration with platforms like Jenkins, GitHub
Actions, or GitLab CI for fully automated end-to-end deployments.

REFERENCES

Books and Research Papers:

1. I. Molyneaux, The Art of Scalability: Scalable Web Architecture, Processes, and

Organizations for the Modern Enterprise, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 2015.

2. M. Kleppmann, Designing Data-Intensive Applications, O'Reilly Media, 2017.

3. T. Limoncelli et al., The Practice of Cloud System Administration, Addison-Wesley, 2014.

4. M. Villamizar et al., "Cost Comparison of Web Applications in the Cloud: A Total Cost of
Ownership Model," IEEE CLOUD, 2015.

5. N. Woolf, Release It!: Design and Deploy Production-Ready Software, 2nd ed., Pragmatic
Bookshelf, 2018.

Websites and Articles:

1. AWS Elastic Load Balancer Documentation. [Online]. Available:

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing

2. Kubernetes Deployment Strategies. [Online]. Available:

https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment

3. DigitalOcean – Blue-Green Deployments Explained. [Online]. Available:

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/blue-green-deployments

4. NGINX Load Balancing Overview. [Online]. Available:

https://www.nginx.com/solutions/load-balancing

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 5. DevOps.com – Best Practices for Blue-Green Deployments. [Online]. Available:
https://devops.com/blue-green-deployment-best-practices

Tools and Platforms Used:

● Docker CLI and Kubernetes CLI for containerization and orchestration

● AWS EC2, Elastic Load Balancer, and Route 53 for cloud environment setup

● Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for application development

● Postman for API testing

● AWS CloudWatch for deployment monitoring

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