Cloud Computing Practical File
Cloud Computing Practical File
EXPERIMENT NO.4
SOURCE CODE:
#include<iostream> using
namespace std; class
process{
public:
float at,bt,ct,tat,wt,rt;
};
int main(){ int
num;
cout<<"Enter number of processes:"; cin>>num;
process*p=new process[num];
for(int i=0;i<num;i++){
cout<<"Enter Arrival time and Burst time of process "<<i+1<<":"<<endl; cin>>p[i].at;
cin>>p[i].bt;
}
p[-1].ct=-100;
for(int i=0;i<num;i++){ p[i].ct=p[i].at+p[i].bt;
if(p[i].at<p[i-1].ct){
p[i].ct=p[i-1].ct+p[i].bt;
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}
p[i].tat=p[i].ct-p[i].at;
p[i].wt=p[i].tat-p[i].bt;
}
p[0].rt=p[0].at-0; for(int
i=1;i<num;i++){
if(p[i].at<p[i-1].ct){
p[i].rt=p[i-1].ct-p[i].at;
}
else{
p[i].rt=0;
}
}
float sum=0;
cout<<"COMPLETION TIME"<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<num;i++){ cout<<"P"<<i+1<<"
"<<p[i].ct<<endl; sum+=p[i].ct;
}
cout<<endl; sum=0;
cout<<"WAITING TIME"<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<num;i++){
cout<<"P"<<i+1<<" "<<p[i].wt<<endl;
sum+=p[i].wt;
}
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}
DESCRIPTION:
To calculate the average waiting time in the shortest job first algorithm the sorting of
the process based on their burst time in ascending order then calculate the waiting time of each process as
the sum of the bursting times of all the process previous or before to that process.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the process
Step 2: Accept the number of processes in the ready Queue
Step 3: For each process in the ready Q, assign the process id and accept the CPU burst time
Step 4: Start the Ready Q according the shortest Burst time by sorting according to lowest to highest burst
time.
Step 5: Set the waiting time of the first process as ‗0‘ and its turnaround time as its burst time. Step 6: Sort the
processes names based on their Burt time
Step 7: For each process in the ready queue, calculate
a) Waiting time(n)= waiting time (n-1) + Burst time (n-1)
b) Turnaround time (n)= waiting time(n)+Burst time(n)
Step 8: Calculate
c) Average waiting time = Total waiting Time / Number of process
d) Average Turnaround time = Total Turnaround Time / Number of process Step 9: Stop
the process
SOURCE CODE
#include<iostream> using
namespace std; class
process{
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public:
int id,at,bt,ct,tat,wt,rt;
};
cout<<endl;
pr[-1].ct=-100;
if(pr[i].at<pr[i-1].ct){
pr[i].ct=pr[i-1].ct+pr[i].bt;
pr[i].tat=pr[i].ct-pr[i].at;
pr[i].wt=pr[i].tat-pr[i].bt;
pr[0].rt=0;
for(int i=1;i<num;i++){
if(pr[i].at<pr[i-1].ct){
pr[i].rt=pr[i-1].ct-pr[i].at;
else{
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OUTPUT:
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EXPERIMENT NO.5
INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing has become a practical necessity for businesses trying to gain a technological advantage over
their competitors. With the help of software as a service (SaaS) and infrastructure as a service (IaaS), companies
can manage their technology and operations in the cloud, saving time and money while improving operational
efficiency and expanding business capabilities. However, managing applications in the cloud also introduces new
potential cybersecurity vulnerabilities. If you want to guard your business against these threats, you’ll need a
robust security management strategy for the cloud.
Security management in the cloud is a set of strategies designed to allow a business to use cloud applications and
networks to their greatest potential while limiting potential threats and vulnerabilities. This is often done with
several independent tactics:
• Identifying and assessing cloud services. First, you need to spend time identifying which cloud products and
services are being used in your organization, and which ones might be considered in the future. Then, you’ll
need to assess and audit those items, analyzing their security and potential vulnerabilities.
• Auditing and adjusting native security settings. Within each application, you’ll have full control of your own
privacy and security settings. It’s on your cloud security team to understand which settings are available, and
take full advantage of them to grant your organization the highest possible level of security.
• Encrypting data. In many cases, you’ll need to take extra efforts to prevent data loss and preserve data integrity
by encrypting your data and securing your connections. It’s your responsibility to allow legitimate network
traffic and block suspicious traffic.
• Managing devices. Cloud applications allow you to reduce the amount of physical infrastructure you maintain,
but you and your employees will still be accessing data and services with specific devices. You’ll need some
way to manage and monitor those devices to ensure only authorized devices can access your data.
• Managing users. Similarly, you’ll need to consider user-level controls. Establish varying levels of user
permissions, to restrict access to your most valuable or sensitive information, and change user permissions as
necessary to allow secure access.
• Reporting. It’s also important to monitor cloud activity from a high level, and report on that activity so you can
better understand your risks and ongoing operations
• IT and security staff members often face difficulty managing all these strategies simultaneously, especially with
the sheer number of cloud applications and services used by a modern organization.
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EXPERIMENT NO.6
INTRODUCTION
Identity management in cloud computing is the subsequent step of identity and access management (IAM) solutions.
However, it is a lot more than merely a straightforward web app single sign-on (SSO) solution. This next generation
of IAM solution is a holistic move of the identity provider right to the cloud.
Known as Directory-as-a-Service (DaaS), this particular service is the advanced version of the conventional and on-
premises solutions, including Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) as well as Microsoft Active Directory
(AD).
• It offers a consistent access control interface: Applicable for all cloud platform services; Cloud IAM
solutions provide a clean and single access control interface.
• It offers superior security levels: If needed, we can easily define increased security levels for crucial
applications.
• It lets businesses access resources at diverse levels: Businesses can define roles and grant permissions to
explicit users for accessing resources at diverse granularity levels.
Identity management in cloud computing incorporates all categories of user-base who can operate in diverse
scenarios and with specific devices.
A modern cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) solution helps to:
• Connect professionals, employees, IT applications, and devices securely either on-premise or the cloud and
through involved networks.
• It makes it easy to share the network abilities with the entire grid of users who were precisely connected with it.
• It offers zero management overhead, enhanced security levels, and easy management of diverse users with
directory service in a SaaS solution.
• It is utterly known that cloud-based services are enabled, configured, and hosted by external providers. This
scenario may also get the least hassle, either for users or clients. As a result, many organizations can enhance
their productivity with cloud IAM.
• SaaS protocol is created and used as a hub for connecting with all virtual networks of distributors, suppliers, and
partners.
• Business users can deal with all services and programs in one place with cloud services, and Identity
management can be enabled with a click on a single dashboard.
• Easily connect your cloud servers, which are virtually hosted at Google Cloud, AWS, or elsewhere right next to
your current LDAP or AD user store.
• Widen and extend your present LDAP or AD directory right to the cloud.
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• Deal with Linux, Windows, and Mac desktops, laptops, and servers established at different locations.
• Connect different users to diverse applications that use LDAP or SAML-based authentication.
• Effortlessly handle user access controls to WiFi networks securely by using a cloud RADIUS service.
• Enable GPO-like functionalities across diverse Windows, Mac, and Linux devices.
• Facilitate both system-based as well as application-level multi-factor authentications (2FA).
• These abilities help build a platform that connects users to virtually all IT resources through any provider,
protocol, platform, or location.
IT admins know that legacy identity management systems (in most cases) struggle when they are matched to cloud
services and the likes of AWS.
So, the newest approach to identity management in cloud computing extends your current directory to the cloud
with a commanding, easy-to-use SaaS-based solution.
LoginRadius enables businesses to provide an enhanced consumer experience and protects the managed identities.
Utilizing the CIAM platform, organizations can offer a streamlined login process, registration, password setup,
along with safeguarding consumer accounts and complying with precise data privacy regulations.
LoginRadius enables this by providing open-source SDKs, integrations with more than 150 third- party
applications, pre-designed and personalized login interfaces, and superior security products such as RBA, MFA,
and Advanced Password Policies. More than 3,000 businesses appreciate the platform with monthly reachability
of 1.17 billion users globally.
Compared to conventional deployments with on-premise servers, LoginRadius facilitates everything for its
customers, including upgrades, maintenance, data and infrastructure management, security, compliance, and
complete privacy with 24/7 technical support.
The LoginRadius identity platform increases the value of businesses by integrating with hundreds of third-party
tools. The cloud directory offers everything an engineering team requires to manage consumer data. It enables
you to tailor the abilities as needed. However, the platform is API driven, meaning it is easily accessible by
developers.
Further, when consumer data is completely locked away across silos, businesses will face multiple challenges.
LoginRadius offers integrations to take apart data silos and the challenges that come with them.
The cloud identity platform completely complies with precise privacy regulations and makes things simpler by
giving consumer control when the data is entirely centralized.
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EXPERIMENT NO.7
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage) and
computing power, without direct active management by the user. The term is generally used to describe data centres
available to many users over the Internet. Large clouds, predominant today, often have functions distributed over multiple
locations from central servers. If the connection to the user is relatively close, it may be designated an edge server.
There are many Cloud Platforms in the market but AWS is one of the most popular clouds.
What is AWS?
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon providing on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to
individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay- as-you-go basis.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform, offering over 175
fully-featured services from data centres globally. Millions of customers — including the fastest-growing startups, largest
enterprises, and leading government agencies — are using AWS to lower costs, become more agile, and innovate faster.
History of AWS
Amazon launched its first cloud computing service, Simple Storage Service (S3) in March of 2006. But the idea for the
public cloud began germinating at the company several years earlier.
A popular myth says that Amazon began selling public cloud computing services because it had “excess capacity” from
running its eCommerce website. Executives have repeatedly contradicted that story, saying that Amazon Web Services was
designed from the ground up as a service for outside customers. However, the company’s experiences with eCommerce did
help lay the groundwork for AWS.
In the early 2000s, Amazon.com’s internal development team had a problem. They were adding a lot of software engineers,
but despite the growing headcount, the pace of development was staying about the same. The issue was that each developer
was setting up new and unique
That idea cropped up again that same year when Amazon executives were attending a retreat at Bezos’ house. As current
AWS CEO Andy Jassy tells the story, the group was working to identify their core competencies when they realized they
had become pretty good at running IT infrastructure. They began to consider the idea of offering those IT services to other
companies. The idea gained momentum, and in 2004, Black, Pinkham and their team began work on the project that
eventually became AWS. After the launch of S3 in the spring of 2006, AWS followed up by taking its Simple Queue
Service into production and launching its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) that summer. By the following year, the company
amassed a reported 180,000 developers as customers.
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DATA CENTRE OF AWS
BENEFITS OF AWS
1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)- IaaS contains the basic building blocks for cloud IT. It typically provides
access to networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware), and data storage space. IaaS gives
you the highest level of flexibility and management control over your IT resources. It is most similar to the
existing IT resources with which many IT departments and developers are familiar.
2. Platform as a Service -PaaS removes the need for you to manage underlying infrastructure (usually
hardware and operating systems), and allows you to focus on the deployment and management of your
applications. This helps you be more efficient as you don’t need to worry about resource procurement, capacity
planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the other undifferentiated heavy lifting involved in running
your application.
3. Software as a Service-SaaS provides you with a complete product that is run and managed by the service
provider. In most cases, people referring to SaaS are referring to end-user applications (such as web-based
email). With a SaaS offering, you don’t have to think about how the service is maintained or how the
underlying infrastructure is managed. You only need to think about how you will use that particular software.
backup, disaster recovery, email, virtual desktops, software development and testing, big data analytics, and
customer-facing web applications. For example, healthcare companies are using the cloud to develop more
personalized treatments for patients. Financial services companies are using the cloud to power real-time fraud
detection and prevention. And video game makers are using the cloud to deliver online games to millions of players
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BEST PUBLIC CLOUD PROVIDERS
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the undisputed market leader in cloud computing, from overall market share to
most expansive cloud offering. It has vast resources, allowing it to design and execute new solutions at a dizzying
pace, sometimes — or often — faster than customers can understand or incorporate them.
The company offers a complete range of IaaS and PaaS services. Among the best known are its Elastic Compute
Cloud (EC2), Elastic Beanstalk, Simple Storage Service (S3), Elastic Block Store (EBS), Glacier storage,
Relational Database Service (RDS), and DynamoDB NoSQL database. It also offers cloud services related to
networking, analytics and machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile services, development, cloud
management, cloud security and more.
Microsoft Azure
Most market analysts put Microsoft squarely in the number two spot behind Amazon. Its cloud portfolio is
exhaustive: in addition to its Azure IaaS and PaaS offerings, Microsoft also has several SaaS offerings, including its
Office 365 products, the online versions of its Dynamics line of enterprise software and its online developer tools.
Naturally, Microsoft’s long legacy in corporate IT helps it grow its cloud business. Pundits say that Microsoft has
“enterprise IT in its DNA.” Azure is leading edge on all the newest cloud technologies, from serverless (FaaS) to
microservices to containers. It is set up to handle a broad range of clients, from SMB to a larger enterprise, from
multi-cloud to — especially — hybrid cloud. To fill out it's offering, it has longstanding alliances with other legacy
vendors, from VMware to Oracle.
IBM Cloud
Although it hasn’t always been considered one of the “big three” cloud computing vendors, IBM’s cloud business
has been coming on strong. Particularly advantageous was IBM’s acquisition of Red Hat, which allows it to
leverage Red Hat’s OpenShift cloud platform, a PaaS solution geared for containers. The company is also strong in
hybrid — befitting its customer base of large enterprise clients, which in some cases are working on a classic lift
and shift migration to the cloud, for which IBM is well suited.
One of IBM’s key cloud service is its Bluemix PaaS, which is aimed primarily at enterprise development teams.
The company also a lot of enterprise software on a SaaS basis, and it sells cloud infrastructure, cloud management
tools and cloud managed services.
Like Amazon and Microsoft, Google offers an extensive range of IaaS and PaaS services that span computes,
storage, networking, big data, machine learning, developer tools and security. Some of its best-known cloud
offerings include Compute Engine, App Engine, Container Engine,
The Oracle cloud is generally favoured by larger enterprise and existing Oracle customers, as opposed to SMB and
developers, two cohorts that have fueled AWS’s rise. It has a strength in hybrid cloud computing, which is a good
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fit for larger customers that have a legacy investment in on-premise IT infrastructure and data centres. The
company’s Oracle Dedicated Region Cloud Customer solution is an on-prem offering that is a well designed,
technologically advanced mirror of the cloud version. Oracle has a partnership with Microsoft Azure for those
cloud functionalities it can’t currently support.
Alibaba Cloud
The clear leader in the Asian cloud market, Singapore-based Alibaba is forecast to grow rapidly as cloud
computing continues to grow in a variety of Asian countries. Given that, Alibaba is the best fit for international
customers who also want to do business in Asia, and, of course, Asian companies. It benefits from its deep strength
in eCommerce, which is Alibaba’s core business. With this deep expertise, it enables customers to access new
sources of Internet-based income.
The company offers a cloud-based AI service, which will almost certainly be a major growth area in the near term
future. Indeed, Alibaba is well regarded for its data solutions, with interoperability with myriad other data
platforms. Again, this is a major strength for its e- commerce clients. While the company is currently largely an
Asian player, it’s entirely possible that it will expand into other geographic markets as its cloud and data offerings
mature.
Netflix was originally a DVD shipping business where they would send out DVDs of your chosen programs to you. This
was going well until 2008 where they experienced a major database loss and for 3 days could not ship out any DVDs to
their customers. That was when the senior management at Netflix realized that they had to shift from continuous vertical
scaling which leads to single points of failure to a more reliable and scalable horizontal scaling system. They chose
Amazon Web Services despite having
Amazon as a competitor (Amazon has their own streaming service known as Amazon Prime) because AWS provided them
with the greatest scaling capabilities and the biggest set of available features. It took 7 years of migration for Netflix to shut
down their last remaining data centres and move completely to the cloud.
Moving to the cloud has allowed Netflix to keep its existing members well engaged with overall viewing growing
exponentially.
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Netflix itself has continued to evolve rapidly by using many new features and relying on ever- growing volumes of data.
Supporting this fast growth would not be possible earlier using their own in-house data centres. Netflix could not have
racked the servers fast enough to support their own growth. While Cloud brings elasticity, which allows Netflix to add
thousands of virtual servers and petabytes of storage within minutes which makes the whole process easier.
As of January 2016, Netflix has expanded into 130 new countries. It uses multiple AWS Cloud regions which are spread all
over the world to create a better and more enjoyable streaming experience for Netflix members wherever they are.
Netflix relies on Cloud for all its scalability, computing and storage needs (not only video streaming) — Netflix business
logic, distributed databases, big data processing, analytics, recommendations, transcoding and hundreds of other functions
that are used by Netflix all go through their Cloud infrastructure. Netflix also has its own Content Delivery Network (CDN)
known as Netflix Open Connect which is used to deliver videos globally in an efficient manner.
When Netflix was using their own data centres, they faced a lot of outages. Cloud Computing is not perfect either, even
though Netflix has hit some rough patches in the cloud, a steady increase in the overall availability has been noticed.
Failures are ultimately unavoidable in any large-scale distribution system, even a cloud one. However, a Cloud-based
system allows you to create redundancy measures while become quite helpful. Cloud Computing has made it possible to
survive failures without impacting the member experience.
Netflix did not shift to cloud for cost reduction reasons, but Netflix’s cloud costs ended up being a fraction of their cost
which was a pleasant surprise. This was due to the elasticity factor of cloud computing, enabling Netflix to continuously
optimize instances to grow and shrink as per requirement without the need to maintain large capacity machines. Economies
of Scale helps Netflix in this scenario.
Ajit Mohan, the CEO of Hotstar, said “India is the only country in the world where a streaming platform like Hotstar exists, and
where the best TV shows from around the world, movie premieres and live sports are available on a single platform”
Well, at the current point, hearing this feels good, but the question still remains how?
At the back end side, Hotstar uses the architecture having the AWS services. Amazon Route S3 and Amazon CloudFrontare
services for the Hotstar streaming video.
At a movement, It is obvious to feel awkward after all what this service is and how they are being used for such vast video
streaming applications.
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So, Let’s take a little bit look for the amazon service used for the era of Gbps. Amazon Web Services
Amazon Web Services is a collection of remote computing services such as web services or data retrieving, by
having the cloud application platform. AWS offers such centralize services using Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3.
Having a physical data-centres, with lots of wires, routers and switches, firewalls, so many other network devices, with lots
of numbers and labels over it, having a huge electricity bill of that equipment and maintenance of them is simply not an easy
task to manage. The traditional data centre looks like below-mentioned image.
Either organisation can focus to build or deploy the application or can maintain them with the server processing.
AWS provides a better solution for such kind of scenario with reduced cost and efficient manageable services.
Thus, there is no doubt why Hotstar application uses AWS for backend tech stack. Services for Hotstar
AWS used are explained below.
Amazon Route 53
The name itself suggests that at the port no 53, the AWS provides the DNS services to its applications. It easily and
effectively connects the EC2 instances or Amazon S3 bucket, and it also provides the routing information to the outer
side of the AWS infrastructure.
Amazon EC2
Provide Scalability and reusability to the computing capacity in the AWS cloud. Which makes less to hardware and
more to developing and deploying applications to the cloud. Which is more helpful to the application developers who
can focus to build the different applications instead of managing them to the cloud servers. Various instances for CPU,
memory, network, and storages are available as per need.
Amazon CloudFront
Low latency and high transfer speed of 5700 Gbps for Hotstar is somehow possible through CloudFront as it provides
Content Delivery Network (CDN) services. Any user can directly use the cloud front who is familiar with other
services of AWS. It is already included with AWS subscription for the user.
Amazon S3
Storing the data and fetching them as per the need is the advantage of the AWS services.
To store, retrieve or analyze, millions of data from anywhere at any time can be possible with the AWS S3. As at the
5700 Gbps bandwidth, the Hotstar is providing the live match to the millions of India public, who are crazy for match
and this has already been cracked the record to provide the live video streaming.
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There are just a few names used as a service of AWS. They itself are huge research topics. Here, I have just mentioned
which services are used by Hotstar and how they make Hotstar application more stable among other video streaming
application.
It provides simple, but strong technical architecture for the 5700 Gbps bandwidth for Live match video streaming.
The BMW Group is using AWS for its new connected-car application that collects sensor data from BMW 7 Series cars
to give drivers dynamically updated map information. BMW Group is one of the leading manufacturers of premium
cars and mobility services in the world, with brands such as Rolls
Royce, BMW, and Mini. BMW built its new car-as-a-sensor (CARASSO) service in only six months leveraging
Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS), Amazon DynamoDB,
Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS), and AWS Elastic Beanstalk. By running on AWS, CARASSO
can adapt to rapidly changing load requirements that can scale up and down by two orders of magnitude within 24
hours. By 2018 CARASSO is expected to process data collected by a fleet of 100,000 vehicles travelling more than
eight billion kilo-met
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