Dr. R.
LAVANYA
Assistant Professor
Department of Media Sciences,
College of Engineering,
Anna University
Animation come from a Latin word anima
which means to bring to life
Animation – the rapid display of a sequence of images
or model positions to make an illusion of movement
Animation is possible because of
• a biological phenomenon known as persistence
of vision (An object seen by the human eye
remains chemically mapped on the eye’s retina
for a brief time after viewing)
• a psychological phenomenon called Phi
phenomenon: The human mind’s need to
conceptually complete a perceived action (Gestalt
Theory).
• A single image out of the sequence comprising an
animation.
• One exposure on the filmstrip.
• You work on each frame to create the overall
animation.
• For example, each image in the sequence below
would be on a single frame.
• This is the speed at which each frame is presented
to the viewer. The measurement of the number of
consecutive images (frames) in an animated movie
is known as Frame Rate.
• Frame rate is most commonly expressed in frames
per second (FPS).
• The most important thing to find out when
animating something is at what speed the
animation will be played back
• a series of poses of the character to refer
to what you’re going to animate.
• The sheet could include poses of the
character standing still, bouncing a ball,
smiling, jumping, and running.
• The idea is to draw the emotions and
actions that would be expected from the
character
• An Animation cycle is a series of frames
that make up an action.
• Animation moves in cycles.
• the cycle of walking can be made up of
about eight frames.
•A sprite sheet is
an image file that
contains multiple
smaller images,
known as sprites,
arranged in a grid
pattern.
Lip-sync refers to animating a mouth to
make sure it’s in time with speech.
• An exposure sheet is a
sheet of paper used
primarily in traditional
animation to mark out
the timing of various
actions and dialogue.
• Half a foot of film
• One second of film
• Also known as camera
instruction sheet, dope
sheet or X-sheet.
• Onion Skinning is the process of overlaying
multiple frames on top of each other to visualize
how objects or characters move through time.
• Onion skinning plays a crucial role
in inbetweening, the process of crafting the
intermediate frames that bridge two keyframes in
animation.
• Inbetweening, or tweening, involves creating
frames between two keyframes to produce
movement.
• Keyframes define the start and end points of
transitions, while inbetween frames smooth out
these transitions, resulting in fluid motion.
Animators use three different ways of measuring time:
• Frames (intervals of 1/24th of a second)
• Keys (given number of frames between key poses)
• Clocks (actual seconds as measured by a clock)
• Animation
• Frame
• Frame Rate
• Model Sheet
• Animation Cycle
• Sprite Sheet
• Lip Sync
• Exposure Sheet
• Onion Skinning
• In-betweens
• Aliasing : the process by which smooth curves
and other lines become jagged because the
resolution of the graphics device or file is not
high enough to represent a smooth curve
• Smoothing and antialiasing techniques can
reduce the effect of Aliasing
