FUNCTIONS
Mathematics G1
Practice
BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS
Calculate the function value:
−𝜋 𝜋
= sin−1 (sin )=−
6 6
3𝜋 3𝜋
It should be noted that the sin x and the tan x
= cos −1 (cos 𝜋 = 𝜋
−𝜋 𝜋
= arccos(cos
4
)=
4
functions have been restricted onto [- / =2,− 𝜋 / 2]
−1
= tan (tan =−
4 4
𝜋 𝜋 2
= tan−1 (tan )=
interval and the cos x and the cot x functions𝜋 are
6 6
[0, ] interval at the defining2 the
=−
restricted =onto
arcsin(sin 0)) = 0
2𝜋
corresponding inverse 𝜋
= arccos( cos ) =
4
𝜋
4
functions. = tan
3
=− 3
−𝜋 −𝜋
= arctan(tan )) = 1 𝜋
3 3 = arccos =
−𝜋 𝜋 2 3
= arcsin(sin( )) = −
2 2 2𝜋 3
= sin =
5𝜋 5𝜋 3 2
= arccos cos =
6 6
2 2
1 𝜋 1
𝑓∘𝑔 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = 3 cos arctan + = −3 sin arctan
𝑥 2 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
cos 𝑥 + = cos 𝑥 ∙ cos − sin 𝑥 ∙ sin = − sin 𝑥
2 2 2
𝐷𝑓∘𝑔 = ℝ\ 0
𝜋 𝜋
Solution: Exist such 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ − , that tan 𝛼 = 𝑥 and tan 𝛽 = 𝑦.
2 2
The left side is: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 (tan 𝛼) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan 𝛽) = 𝛼 + 𝛽
−1 tan 𝛼+tan 𝛽
The right side is: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan(𝛼 + 𝛽)) = 𝛼 + 𝛽
1−tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽
𝑓 3𝑥 − 15
𝑥 = = 3 𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 > 5.
𝑔 𝑥−5
2
1 𝑥+3 ∙ 𝑥−2
𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 +𝑥−6 ∙ = = 𝑥 − 2, 𝑥 ≠ 3.
𝑥+3 𝑥+3
𝑓∘𝑔 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = 2 ⋅ 2𝑥 = 2𝑥+1 , 𝐷𝑓∘𝑔 = ℝ.
𝑔∘𝑓 𝑥 =𝑔 𝑓 𝑥 = 22𝑥 = 4𝑥 , 𝐷𝑔∘𝑓 = ℝ.
𝑓∘𝑓 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 ⋅ 2𝑥 = 4𝑥, 𝐷𝑓∘𝑓 = ℝ.
𝑥
𝑔∘𝑔 𝑥 =𝑔 𝑔 𝑥 = 22 , 𝐷𝑔∘𝑔 = ℝ.
𝑓∘𝑔 𝑥 =𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = ( 𝑥 − 3)2 +3 = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑔 = 𝐷𝑓∘𝑔 = 𝑥: 𝑥 ≥ 3
𝑔∘𝑓 𝑥 =𝑔 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 3 − 3 = 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓 = 𝐷𝑔∘𝑓 = ℝ.
(g is not the inverse of f!)
𝑥
𝑥
𝑒 +2
𝑦 = ln 5𝑥 − 2 ⟹ 𝑥 = ln 5𝑦 − 2 ⟹ 𝑒 = 5𝑦 − 2 ⟹ 𝑦 = = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
5
2
𝐷𝑓 = , ∞ = 𝑅𝑓−1
5
𝑅𝑓 = ℝ = 𝐷𝑓−1
Basic properties of the odd and the even functions
Uniqueness
If a function is both even and odd, it is equal to 0 everywhere it is defined.
If a function is odd, the absolute value of that function is an even function.
Addition and subtraction
The sum of two even functions is even.
The sum of two odd functions is odd.
The difference between two odd functions is odd.
The difference between two even functions is even.
The sum of an even and odd function is not even or odd, unless one of the functions is
equal to zero over the given domain.
Basic properties of the odd and the even functions
Multiplication and division
The product of two even functions is an even function.
That implies that product of any number of even functions is an even function as well.
The product of two odd functions is an even function.
The product of an even function and an odd function is an odd function.
The quotient of two even functions is an even function.
The quotient of two odd functions is an even function.
The quotient of an even function and an odd function is an odd function.
Composition
The composition of two even functions is even.
The composition of two odd functions is odd.
The composition of an even function and an odd function is even.
The composition of any function with an even function is even (but not vice versa).
𝑓 −𝑥 = (−𝑥)4 +(−𝑥)3 = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 ≠ 𝑓 𝑥 , −𝑓 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 − 𝑛𝑜𝑟…
𝑔 −𝑥 = (−𝑥)4 +(−𝑥)2 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 = 𝑔 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛!
ℎ −𝑥 = (−𝑥)5 +(−𝑥)3 = − 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 = −ℎ 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑜𝑑𝑑!
𝑘 −𝑥 = (−𝑥)3 +1 = −𝑥 3 + 1 ≠ 𝑘 𝑥 , −𝑘 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 − 𝑛𝑜𝑟 …
𝑓 𝑥 is odd, 𝑔 𝑥 and ℎ 𝑥 are even.
𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑, ℎ 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 ⟹ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 + ℎ 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 − 𝑛𝑜𝑟
𝑓 𝑥 ℎ 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑, 𝑔 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 ⟹ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 + ℎ 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 − 𝑛𝑜𝑟
ℎ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑 ⟹ ℎ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 − 𝑛𝑜𝑟
ℎ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑 ⟹ ℎ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑!
HOMEWORKS
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Cont.
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