ACCA

SBR (INT/UK)

Strategic Business Reporting

September 2024 to June 2025

Progress Test – Answers

To gain maximum benefit, do not refer to these answers

until you have completed the progress test questions and
submitted them for marking.
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1 HESSIAN

Key answer tips

Question 1 in SBR is about group accounting. The examining team have stated that you can
expect to be asked to revise a draft consolidated financial statement. The question will
consist of either a consolidated statement of financial position, a consolidated statement of
profit or loss or a consolidated statement of cash flows (CSOCF). Note you won’t be asked to
produce more than one statement.
In addition, the SBR exam will require discussion of the principles that underpin the
preparation of consolidated statements, including the statement of cash flows. Many
students struggle with the discussion elements because their understanding of basic
principles is not strong enough. It is vital that you spend time practising both numerical and
discursive questions on group accounting if you are to succeed.

(a) (i) Pension scheme

• The finance cost included in the draft consolidated statement of cash
flows includes $2m in relation to the net interest cost arising from the
defined benefit pension scheme. It is correct to add this amount back in
the reconciliation of profit before tax to cash generated from operations.
However the net interest cost should not be included in interest paid
within the statement of cash flows because it is a non-cash expense.
(1 mark)
• The current service cost is a non-cash expense and so must be added back
to profit. (1 mark)
• Defined benefit pension contributions are not charged to profit or loss but
are instead accounted for as an increase to the assets of the scheme.
However the contributions reflect a cash outflow for Hessian and as such,
the contribution must be deducted from profit to arrive at cash generated
from operations. (1 mark)
Acquisition of Natural
• The cash paid to acquire Natural will be included within the investing
activities of the consolidated statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.
The cash held by Natural comes under group control from the acquisition
date and this figure should be netted off against the cash paid to acquire
Natural. The net outflow presented in the consolidated statement of cash
flows is $71 million ($80 million – $9 million). (1 mark)
• In terms of working capital, some of the year-on-year movement relates
to the acquisition of Natural, rather than a result of cash flows with
customers and suppliers, and so the effect of this acquisition needs to be
stripped out. (1 mark)
(Discussion: 4 marks max)

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(ii) Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended 30 April 20X6
(extracts)
Draft 1 2 3 4 5 6 Final Marks
$m $m
Cash flows from
operating
activities:
Profit before 210 210
taxation
Adjustments for:
Finance costs 5 5
Depreciation 196 196 1
Pension service 8 8 1
cost
Cash paid to (9) (9) 1
retirement scheme
Impairment of 7 7 3**
goodwill (W1)
Profit on disposal (2) (2) 1
of intangibles ($6m
– $4m)
Decrease in 4 4 1
inventories (W3)
Increase in (22) (22) 1
receivables (W3)
Increase in 33 33 1
payables (W3)
Cash generated 215 430
from operations
Interest paid (5) 2 (3) 1
Income taxes paid (56) (56)
Net cash from 154 371
operating activities
Cash flows from
investing activities
Purchase of (36) (36)
intangibles
Acquisition of (71) (71) 1
subsidiary, net of
cash acquired
(80 – 9)
Net cash used in (36) (107)
investing activities
Marking guide
** = 1 mark for OFR adjustment, 1 mark for OFR impairment calculation
(W1), 1 mark for goodwill calculation (W2)
Candidates lose 1 mark per cash flow if the brackets are incorrect.

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Workings

(W1) Impairment of goodwill

$m
b/f 127
Purchase of subsidiary (W2) 16
Impairment (bal. fig) (7)
–––––
c/f 136
–––––
(W2) Goodwill arising on acquisition of Natural
$m
Consideration (80 + 6) 86
NCI at acquisition 40
Fair value of net assets at acquisition (110)
–––––
Goodwill 16
–––––
(W3) Working capital movements
Inventories Trade and Trade and
other other
receivables payables
$m $m $m
b/f 156 197 100
Acquisition of subsidiary 15 – 7
Movement (balancing fig.) (4) 22 33
––––– ––––– –––––
c/f 167 219 140
––––– ––––– –––––

Tutorial note
You can use a separate working for the working capital movements, or show
your calculation on the face of the consolidated statement of cash flows.
Don’t forget to take into account the inventory and payables acquired with the
subsidiary.

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(b) Direct and indirect method

The direct and indirect methods are different ways of deriving and disclosing cash
generated from operations in the statement of cash flows. (1 mark)
Under the direct method, cash generated from operations is disclosed by showing
major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments. (1 mark)
For example, under the direct method, the entity will disclose ‘cash receipts from
customers’, ‘cash paid to suppliers’ and ‘cash paid to employees’. (1 mark)
Both methods, if faithfully represented, will derive the same figure for cash generated
from operations. (1 mark)
However, IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows encourages entities to report cash generated
from operations using the direct method. (1 mark)
This is because the direct method provides information that might be useful in
estimating future cash flows. (1 mark)
The categories disclosed under the direct method are likely to be more easily
understood by the users of the financial statements than those disclosed in the indirect
method. (1 mark)
The users of the financial statements can make more meaningful comparisons
between cash flows presented using the direct method year-on-year. (1 mark)
It is also easier to compare two separate companies if they have both used the direct
method in preparing their statement of cash flows. (1 mark)
Many users will not understand the indirect method and the complex adjustments
which are made to profit. (1 mark)
The adjustments made to profit in the indirect method may make it easier for the
preparers of the statement of cash flow to allow bias to affect whether cash flows are
reported within operating activities or elsewhere. (1 mark)
However, the indirect method is useful in enabling investors to assess the quality of an
entity’s profits. (1 mark)
(1 mark for any other valid point)
(Part b: 6 marks max)
(c) In accordance with IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements, an investor controls an
investee if the investor has all of the following:
• power over the investee
• exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee
• the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the
investor’s returns. (1 mark)
Control is often assumed when one entity owns more than half of the voting rights in
another entity. (1 mark)
The ability to appoint key management personnel, such as directors, also gives an
investor power and may indicate the existence of control. (1 mark)
Hessian owns more than half of the voting rights and can appoint the majority of the
board of directors and these factors may suggest that Hessian controls Patten.
(1 mark)

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However, the shareholder agreement contains significant restrictions and needs

assessment to determine if Hessian is able to exercise control over Patten. (1 mark)
Shareholder consensus is required in respect of key decisions, suggesting that Hessian
does not have sufficient power to affect its returns. (1 mark)
As a result of the shareholder agreement, it would seem that Hessian does not control
Patten and so Patten should not be treated as a subsidiary. (1 mark)
The terms of the agreement indicate the existence of joint control, as per IFRS 11 Joint
Arrangements. (1 mark)
Joint control is apparent because the relevant activities require unanimous consent of
those who collectively control the arrangement. (1 mark)
Patten is a separate entity and so is likely to constitute a joint venture. (1 mark)
Hessian should account for its investment in Patten in the consolidated financial
statements using the equity method. (1 mark)
(Part b: 8 marks max)

Marking scheme
Marks
(a) (i) Explanation of impact of pension scheme and acquisition of shares 4
(ii) Extract consolidated statement of cash flows 12
(b) Direct method vs indirect method 6
(c) Investment in Patten 8
–––
Total 30
–––

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2 SONATA

Key answer tips

This question is an ethical case study.
A logical approach is important. Use subheadings so that it is clear which issue you are
discussing. Your answer is likely to be less repetitive if discuss the accounting implications
first, before moving on to discuss the ethical implications.
When discussing ethics, make sure that you tailor your answer to Sonata as much as possible.
Make reference to the specific errors made by Sonata, and their ethical impact. This will help
you to score the two available professional marks.

(a) Accounting treatments

Goodwill impairment
According to IAS 36 Impairment of Assets, goodwill should be reviewed annually for
impairment. (1 mark)
If the non-controlling interest (NCI) has been valued using the proportionate method
then goodwill must be grossed up to include the NCI’s share before performing the
impairment review. (1 mark)
$m $m
Goodwill 9
Notional NCI ($9m × 25/75) 3
––––
Total notional goodwill 12
Net assets at reporting date: 60
––––
Total carrying amount of assets 72
Recoverable amount (68)
–––––
Impairment 4
–––––
(1 mark for grossing up goodwill, 1 mark for rest of calculation)
The NCI share of the goodwill has not been recognised in the consolidated financial
statements and so the NCI share of the impairment is also not recognised. (1 mark)
The impairment charged that should be recorded in profit or loss is therefore
$3 million ($4m × 75%) and this expense is attributable to the equity holders of the
parent company. (1 mark)
The impairment will reduce the carrying amount of the goodwill to $6 million ($9m –
$3m). (1 mark)
(Goodwill impairment: 5 marks max)

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Related parties
There are no specific rules as to what level of mark-up should be applied to
transactions. Entities are therefore free to determine the sales price on intra-group
transactions. (1 mark)
It is true that the mark-up or margin chosen will not alter the profits of the group.
However, the transactions will impact the profits and losses of the individual
companies as reported in the separate financial statements. (1 mark)
The objective of IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures is to ensure that an entity’s financial
statements contain the disclosures necessary to draw attention to the possibility that
its financial position and profit or loss may have been affected by the existence of
related parties and by transactions with such parties. (1 mark)
Sonata and Tune are related parties because they are both members of the same
group. (1 mark)
IAS 24 requires that Sonata and Tune disclose these transactions in their separate
financial statements, as well as any related outstanding balances. (1 mark)
Sonata and Tune are not permitted to disclose that the transactions were on terms
equivalent to those that occur in arm’s length transactions. (1 mark)
(Related parties: 3 marks max)
Lease
IFRS 16 Leases requires that a lease liability and right-of-use asset are recognised at
the inception of the lease, unless the lease is short-term or of minimal value.
(1 mark)
The lease liability should be recognised at the present value of the payments to be
made, discounted using the rate implicit in the lease. (1 mark)
This amounts to $3.67 million, as calculated below:
Year ended Cash flow Discount Present value
$m rate $m
31 December 20X2 2 1/1.06 1.89
31 December 20X3 2 1/1.062 1.78
––––
3.67
––––
(1 mark)
Assuming there are no direct costs then the right-of-use asset is also recognised at
$3.67 million. (1 mark)
Correcting the error will increase Sonata’s liabilities and assets, but will have no impact
on profit in the current period. (1 mark)
(Lease: 4 marks max)

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(b) Ethics
Sonata has breached several accounting standards. The goodwill error overstates
profits and assets in the consolidated financial statements. The lease error understates
assets and liabilities in the separate and consolidated financial statements, thus having
a positive impact on the gearing ratio. The sales to Tune will improve revenue and
profits in Sonata’s individual financial statements, and the absence of related party
disclosures will conceal this internal improvement from stakeholders.
(2 marks for discussion of impact of errors)
The users of financial statements, such as banks, trust accountants and rely on them
to faithfully represent the effects of a company’s transactions. IAS 1 Presentation of
Financial Statements makes it clear that this faithful representation will be obtained
when accounting standards are correctly applied. (1 mark)
Nonetheless, incentives might exist to depart from particular IFRS and IAS Standards.
For example, Sonata is trying to obtain financing and therefore has an incentive to
overstate its financial performance and the strength of its financial position. It is
therefore vital that accountants comply with the ACCA’s Code of Ethics and Conduct.
(1 mark)
It may be that the breaches of accounting standards are due to a lack of knowledge.
Nonetheless, as per the Code of Ethics and Conduct, accountants have a responsibility
to ensure that they are technically competent. (1 mark)
However, the number of errors and the fact that they consistently over-state financial
performance and position would suggest that the breaches of accounting standards
are deliberate. If so, the directors of Sonata lack integrity and objectivity. (1 mark)
It has been suggested that the accountant would suffer financially if the accountant
keeps querying the current accounting treatments. This threat is inappropriate as it
creates a risk that the accountant will prioritise their own interests above those of
Sonata’s stakeholders. (1 mark)
The accountant should discuss the matters with the finance director, and keep a record
of these conversations. (1 mark)
If disagreements still exist, then professional advice should be sought from ACCA.
(1 mark)
The accountant should also approach the other directors of Sonata, including non-
executive directors to inform them of the issues. (1 mark)
If the matters cannot be resolved then the accountant should consider resignation.
(1 mark)
(Ethics: 6 marks for content + 2 professional marks)
(Question 2: 20 marks max)

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Marking scheme
Marks
(a) Impairment – 1 mark per point 5
Related parties – 1 mark per point 3
Lease – 1 mark per point 4
–––
12
–––
(b) Ethical implications – 1 mark per point 6
Professional marks 2
–––
Total 20
–––

3 FORMATT

Key answer tips

In Section B questions, make sure that you demonstrate your knowledge of the relevant rules
from the accounting standards before applying them to the scenario.

(a) (i) IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers states that an entity is a
principal where the entity controls the promised good before transfer to the
customer. (1 mark)
The entity is an agent where the performance obligation is to arrange provision
of the goods by another party. (1 mark)
Formatt controls the specialised equipment before the equipment is transferred
to the customer and is therefore the principal in this transaction. (1 mark)
This is evidenced by the following:
• The supplier cannot decide to use the specialised equipment for another
purpose as the equipment must be delivered to the customer to fulfil the
promise in the contract.
• Formatt has the responsibility for fulfilling and managing the contract.
• Formatt sets the contract price and receives this in full (rather than a
commission) so has the ability to receive substantially all of the
equipment’s benefits prior to transfer.
• Formatt is responsible for any defects, and so has responsibility for the
acceptability of the finished product.
(1 mark per point)
(Part (a) (i): 6 marks max)

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(ii) IAS 36 Impairment of Assets requires that assets be carried at no more than their
recoverable amount. (1 mark)
Therefore entities should test assets within the scope of the standard if
indicators of impairment exist. (1 mark)
Goodwill, and CGUs to which goodwill is allocated, should be tested for
impairment annually. (1 mark)
An asset is impaired if its carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use.
(1 mark)
The discount rate used should be the pre-tax rate which reflects current market
assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. This
rate should be applied to the pre-tax cash flows to determine value in use.
(1 mark)
(IAS 36 knowledge: 3 marks max)
Year ended Pre-tax cash flow Discount Present value
$m rate $m
31 March 20X4 8 1/1.08 7.41
31 March 20X5 7 1/1.082 6.00
31 March 20X6 5 1/1.083 3.97
31 March 20X7 3 1/1.084 2.21
31 March 20X8 13 1/1.085 8.85
–––––
28.44
–––––
(2 marks if correct, 1 mark if incorrect but shows understanding of principles)
Value in use ($28.44 million) is higher than fair value less costs to sell
($26.6 million). The recoverable amount is therefore $28.44 million. (1 mark)
The carrying amount of the CGU was $32 million and so the impairment is $3.56
million ($32m – $28.44m). (1 mark)
Formatt will firstly allocate the impairment loss to goodwill, reducing its carrying
amount from $3 million to nil. (1 mark)
The remaining impairment is then allocated to other assets in proportion to their
carrying amounts. However, an asset cannot be written below its recoverable
amount. As such, no impairment is allocated to the cash balance. (1 mark)
Consequently, Formatt will allocate the remaining $0.56 million impairment
($3.56m – $3m goodwill impairment) to PPE ($0.56m × 10/28 = $0.2 million) and
intangible assets ($0.56m × 18/28 = $0.36 million). The carrying amounts of PPE
and intangibles would be $9.8 million and $17.64 million respectively.
(1 mark)
(IAS 36 application: 5 marks max)
(Part (a) (ii): 8 marks max)

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(b) The Conceptual Framework and the qualitative characteristics

Financial statement users require information that will help them to assess an entity’s
future cash flows, as well as management’s stewardship of the entity’s economic
resources. (1 mark)
To be useful, financial information must be relevant and faithfully represent the
transactions that an entity has entered into. (1 mark)
The Conceptual Framework also identifies four enhancing characteristics of useful
financial information: comparability, understandability, verifiability and timeliness.
(1 mark)
Discontinued operations
IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations states that a
discontinued operation is an operationally or geographically distinct part of the
business that has been sold (or which is held for sale). (1 mark)
The results of a discontinued operation must be presented separately in the statement
of profit or loss, below profit from continuing operations. (1 mark)
Profits, and hence cash flows, from an operation that has been disposed will not recur
in the future. Profits, and hence cash flows, from continuing operations are likely to
recur to some extent in the subsequent periods. (1 mark)
As such, separate presentation of discontinued operations assists users when
assessing an entity’s future cash flows. (1 mark)
The results of the operation that has become discontinued in the current period must
also be presented as a discontinued operation in the prior year comparative figures.
(1 mark)
This separate disclosure ensures that users can perform trend analysis on the
performance of the entity’s continuing operations year-on-year. The analysis will help
the users to assess the level of growth in the retained business, which can be used
when making investment decisions. (1 mark)
The application of the definition of a ‘discontinued operation’ requires judgement.
(1 mark)
There may be incentives to classify the sale of a loss-making division as a discontinued
operation, even if the division is not operationally or geographically distinct. This
classification would not offer a faithful representation of the entity’s performance, and
may hinder the ability of users to draws comparisons year-on-year or with other
companies. (1 mark)

Held for sale

A non-current asset can be classified as held for sale if its carrying amount will be
recovered through a sale transaction. (1 mark)
To be classified as held for sale, the asset must be available for immediate sale in its
present condition and the sale must be highly probable. (1 mark)
Assets held for sale are presented within current assets on the statement of financial
position. This presentation offers a faithful representation of the entity’s financial
position, because the asset should be realised in cash within 12 months. (1 mark)

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This presentation offers relevant information because it informs users that cash flows
that amount to at least the asset’s carrying amount should be received by the entity
within 12 months of the reporting date. This information assists users when making
investment decisions. (1 mark)
Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair
value less costs to sell. This treatment ensures that the assets are not measured at
more than the entity will recover from the sales transaction and so offers a faithful
representation of financial position. (1 mark)
If the carrying amount of the asset is less than fair value less costs to sell, no
adjustment is made upon classification as held for sale. The carrying amount of the
asset will therefore be less than the cash expected from the eventual sale. Users may
underestimate the reporting entity’s future cash flows. The impact of this estimate
might be significant – particularly in respect of buildings measured using the cost
model in times of rising prices. (1 mark)
Fair value should be determined using IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. IFRS 13
prioritises the use of observable prices, which helps to reduce bias and increase
comparability and verifiability. (1 mark)
(1 mark for any other valid point)
(Part (b): 11 marks max)

Marking scheme
Marks
(a) (i) Revenue – 1 mark per point 6
(ii) Impairment of CGU – 1 mark per point 8
(b) IFRS 5 – 1 mark per point 11
–––
Total 25
–––

4 AMSTER

Key answer tips

The SBR exam will always test analysis and interpretation. This does not necessarily mean
the calculation of ratios – in fact, the examining team have said that such questions are
unlikely. However, students are expected to be able to discuss the impact that accounting
transactions, and accounting errors, would have on the financial statements and, therefore,
on an entity’s stakeholders.
Remember that you will score one mark per point. Make sure that you write enough to secure
a pass mark.
Two professional marks are available in the question that examines analysis and
interpretation.

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(a) (i) Capital in financial statements

The details underlying a company’s capital structure are absolutely essential to
assessing the prospects for changes in a company’s financial flexibility, and
ultimately, its value. (1 mark)
Mandatory repayments associated with debt may increase the risk of going
concern uncertainties. (1 mark)
Too much debt increases the risk profile of an entity and may deter further
investment or make future funding more expensive. (1 mark)
Investors have specific but different needs for information about capital
depending upon their approach to their investment in an entity. (1 mark)
If their approach is income based, then shortage of capital may have an impact
upon future dividends. (1 mark)
If return on capital employed is used for comparing the performance of entities,
then investors need to know the nature and quantity of the historical capital
employed in the business. (1 mark)
Integrated Reporting
The capitals identified in the International Integrated Reporting Framework are:
financial capital, manufactured capital, intellectual capital, human capital, social
and relationship capital, and natural capital. (1 mark)
Together, the capitals represent stores of value which are the basis of an
organisation’s value creation. (1 mark)
Integrated reporting details the impact of an entity’s business model on the full
range of capitals in the short, medium and long-term. (1 mark)
(1 mark per other valid point)
(Part (a) (i): 5 marks max)
(ii) Equity and liabilities
IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation sets out the nature of the
classification process. The standard is principle-based. (1 mark)
The critical feature of a liability is that, under the terms of the instrument, the
issuer is or can be required to deliver either cash or another financial asset to
the holder and it cannot avoid this obligation. (1 mark)
An instrument is classified as equity when it represents a residual interest in the
issuer’s assets after deducting all its liabilities. (1 mark)
Equity and liabilities are classified separately in the statement of financial
position. (1 mark)
In the statement of financial position, the carrying amounts of financial liabilities
change either with the passage of time or if the liability is remeasured at fair
value. (1 mark)
However, the amount reported for classes of equity instruments generally does
not change after initial recognition. (1 mark)
Liability classification typically results in any payments on the instrument being
treated as interest and charged against profits. (1 mark)

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This treatment through profit may in turn affect the entity’s ability to pay
dividends on its equity shares depending upon local legislation. (1 mark)
Equity classification avoids the negative impact which liability classification has
on reported earnings, gearing ratios and debt covenants. (1 mark)
Equity classification also results in the instrument falling outside the scope of
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, thereby avoiding the complicated ongoing
measurement requirements of that standard. (1 mark)
(1 mark per other valid point)
(Part (a) (ii): 5 marks max)
(Part (a): 2 professional marks for clarity of discussion)
(b) Preference shares
The company has no obligation to deliver cash, because payment is at the discretion
of the management committee. (1 mark)
The shares should be removed from liabilities and classified as equity. (1 mark)
Share-based payment
IFRS 2 Share-based Payment states that cash-settled share-based payments occur
where goods or services are paid for using cash amounts based on the price of the
company’s equity instruments. (1 mark)
The expense for cash-settled transactions is spread over the vesting period and is
remeasured at each reporting date based on the fair value of the rights. (1 mark)
The expense for year to 30 November 20X7 is:
(1,500 – 65 – 115) × 250 awards × $35 × 1/3 = $3.85 million. (1 mark)
This amount should be moved from equity to liabilities. (1 mark)
Capitalisation table
Draft Adj Total Marks
$m $m $m
Bank loans 81 3.85 84.85 1
Pension plan deficit 30 30
Preference shares 75 (75) – 1
–––– ––––––
Total long-term liabilities 186 114.85
–––– ––––––
Non-controlling interest 10 10
Shareholders’ equity 150 75 – 3.85 221.15 1
–––– ––––––
Total group equity 160 231.15
–––– ––––––
Total capitalisation 346 346
–––– ––––––
(1 mark per adjustment – OFR applies)

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Ratios
Post-adjustments, Amster’s gearing ratio will lower significantly because long-term
liabilities fall from 53.8% to 33.2% of total capitalisation. (1 mark)
ROCE may stay the same because total capitalisation has not changed. (1 mark)
This depends upon the definition used by the entity for capital employed. (1 mark)
(Part (b): 9 marks max)
(c) Benefits of sustainability reporting
• Consumers and investors are increasingly drawn towards companies which have
positive environmental, economic and social impacts.
• Some consumers and investors refuse to be associated with companies that do
not produce sustainability reports.
• A lack of transparency on sustainability issues may damage trust and lead to bad
publicity.
• Sustainability reports help the preparer to identify inefficiencies and waste,
which will increase profits and reduce environmental harm.
• Employees may show greater loyalty to companies that produce sustainability
reports and demonstrate tangible progress towards the achievement of
sustainable development goals.
• Producing a sustainability report will ensure that the company is exceeding
legislative requirements, potentially reducing workload as forms of sustainability
reporting become compulsory.
(1 mark each)
(1 mark for any other valid point)
(Part (c): 4 marks max)

Marking scheme
Marks
(a) (i) Capital – 1 mark per point 5
(ii) Debt and equity – 1 mark per point 5
(b) Capitalisation – 1 mark per point 9
(c) Sustainability – 1 mark per point 4
Professional marks 2
–––
Total 25
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REFERENCES

This document references IFRS® Standards and IAS® Standards, which are authored by the
International Accounting Standards Board (the Board), and published in the 2022 IFRS Standards
Red Book.
The Board (2022) Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IFRS 2 Share-based Payment. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. London: IFRS Foundation.
The Board (2022) IFRS 16 Leases. London: IFRS Foundation.

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