Course Title: Data Structures and Algorithms
Course Duration: 14-16 Weeks
Prerequisites:
Basic programming knowledge (C, C++, Java, Python, or equivalent)
Understanding of mathematics and logic
Course Objectives
1. Understand the core concepts of data structures and algorithms.
2. Analyze the time and space complexities of algorithms.
3. Develop efficient and optimized solutions to computational problems.
4. Gain hands-on experience with implementing data structures and algorithms.
5. Apply DSA in real-world applications and coding interviews.
Course Outline
Module 1: Introduction to DSA
Overview of Data Structures and Algorithms
Role of DSA in Problem Solving
Algorithm Analysis:
o Time Complexity (Big-O, Big-Theta, Big-Omega)
o Space Complexity
o Best, Worst, and Average Case Analysis
Asymptotic Notations and Examples
Module 2: Arrays and Strings
Introduction to Arrays
o Operations: Traversal, Insertion, Deletion
o Applications: Prefix Sum, Sliding Window, Two-pointer Technique
Strings
o String Manipulation Techniques
o Pattern Matching (Naive Approach, KMP Algorithm, Rabin-Karp)
o Applications in Text Processing
Module 3: Searching and Sorting Algorithms
Searching Techniques:
o Linear Search
o Binary Search and its Variants (First/Last Occurrence, Rotated
Arrays)
Sorting Algorithms:
o Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort
o Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort
o Counting Sort, Radix Sort, Bucket Sort
Analysis and Comparison of Sorting Algorithms
Module 4: Linked Lists
Singly Linked List:
o Operations: Insertion, Deletion, Reversal, Searching
o Applications: LRU Cache, Hash Chains
Doubly Linked List:
o Operations and Applications
Circular Linked List
Advanced Applications of Linked Lists
Module 5: Stacks and Queues
Stack:
o Stack Operations (Push, Pop, Peek)
o Applications: Parenthesis Matching, Infix to Postfix Conversion,
Expression Evaluation
Queue:
o Queue Operations (Enqueue, Dequeue)
o Circular Queue, Double-Ended Queue (Deque)
Priority Queues and Heaps
o Min-Heap, Max-Heap
o Heapify and Applications
Module 6: Trees
Tree Basics:
o Binary Trees: Traversals (Preorder, Inorder, Postorder, Level Order)
o Binary Search Tree (BST): Operations and Applications
Advanced Trees:
o AVL Trees, Red-Black Trees
o B-Trees, B+ Trees
o Segment Trees and Fenwick Trees
Applications: Expression Trees, Huffman Encoding
Module 7: Graphs
Graph Basics:
o Representations (Adjacency Matrix, Adjacency List)
o Types of Graphs (Directed, Undirected, Weighted, Unweighted)
Graph Traversals:
o Depth First Search (DFS), Breadth First Search (BFS)
Algorithms:
o Dijkstra’s Algorithm, Bellman-Ford Algorithm
o Floyd-Warshall Algorithm, Prim’s and Kruskal’s MST Algorithms
Applications:
o Topological Sorting, Cycle Detection, Shortest Path Problems
Module 8: Hashing
Hash Table and Hash Functions
Collision Handling Techniques:
o Chaining, Open Addressing (Linear Probing, Quadratic Probing,
Double Hashing)
Applications of Hashing:
o Anagrams, Frequency Counting, Caching
Module 9: Recursion and Backtracking
Basics of Recursion:
o Recursive Functions and Recurrence Relations
o Tail Recursion and Non-Tail Recursion
Backtracking Techniques:
o N-Queens Problem
o Sudoku Solver
o Subset Generation and Permutations
Module 10: Divide and Conquer
Fundamentals of Divide and Conquer
Applications:
o Merge Sort, Quick Sort
o Binary Search Variants
o Closest Pair of Points Problem
Module 11: Dynamic Programming (DP)
Basics of DP
o Overlapping Subproblems and Optimal Substructure
o Memoization and Tabulation
Classic DP Problems:
o Knapsack Problem (0/1 and Fractional)
o Longest Common Subsequence (LCS), Longest Increasing
Subsequence (LIS)
o Matrix Chain Multiplication
o Coin Change Problem, Rod Cutting Problem
Module 12: Greedy Algorithms
Fundamentals of Greedy Techniques
Applications:
o Activity Selection Problem
o Huffman Encoding
o Fractional Knapsack
o Minimum Spanning Trees (Prim’s and Kruskal’s)
Module 13: Advanced Topics
Trie Data Structure
Disjoint Set Union (Union-Find)
Graph Algorithms:
o Tarjan’s Algorithm for SCC
o Kosaraju’s Algorithm
Advanced Shortest Path Algorithms (Johnson’s Algorithm)
Module 14: Applications and Real-World Use Cases
Coding Interview Problems and Techniques
Competitive Programming Strategies
Real-world Applications of DSA:
o Database Indexing
o Network Routing Algorithms
o Game Theory and AI
Assessments and Evaluation
1. Assignments (30%): Weekly coding assignments on various topics.
2. Quizzes (20%): Regular quizzes to test theoretical understanding.
3. Projects (20%): Implement a real-world application using DSA.
4. Exams (30%): Mid-term and final exams.
