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  A BRIEF COMPUTER HISTORY 
The computer as we know it today has its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name
Charles Babbage.

He designed the analytical engine and it was this that the basic frame work of the computer of today are based
on.

First computer resembling today's modern machines was the Analytical Engine, a device conceived and
designed by British mathematicians Charles Babbage between 1833 and 1871.

(1791-1871)

 TYPES OF COMPUTER

Super Computer

Mainframe Computer

Mini Computer

Micro Computer
  COMPUTER GENEARATIONS 
1. First generation of computer: - During the period of 1940 to 1946 first generation computer was
developed.
The first-generation computer used vaccum tube technology for circuitry and enormous, taking
rooms.
The vaccum tube is a generally used to amplify a signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an
evacuated space.
First generation computer was expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity,
generated a lot of heat which was often the cause of malfunctions.

CHARACTERSTICS
I. First generation computer was based on vaccum tubes.
II. The operating system of the first-generation computer was very slow.
III. Binary (0,1) language used in first-generation of computer.
Some Examples: -
I. UNIVAC: - “Universal Automatic Computer” on June 14,1951 the U.S. Census Bureau dedicates
the world’s first commercially produced electronic digital computer.
Exactly on Mar.31,1951 the U.S. Census Bureau signed a contract for first commercial computer
(In America).
II. EDVAC: - “Electronic Discreate Variable Automatic Computer” was one of the earliest electronic
computers. It was binary rather than decimal and was a stored-program computer.
A contract to build the new computer was signed in April 1946 with an initial budget of US $
10,00,000.

Functionally, EDVAC was a binary serial computer with automatic addition subtraction,
multiplication, programmed division and automatic checking with ultrasonic serial memory,
capacity of 1,000 44-bit words.
EDVAC’s average addition time was 864 microseconds and its average time 2,900 microseconds.
III. ENIAC: - “Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer” was amongst the earliest general-

purpose computer made. It was Turing-complete, digital and able to solve a large class numerical
problem through reprogramming.
ENIAC was completed in Dec 10,1945 and first put to work for practical purpose at the end of
that year.
ENIAC was formally dedicated at the university of Pennsylvania on Feb 15,1946 and was heralded
as a “Giant Brain” by the press.
 1GL (First Generation Language): - It was programming language (It
a grouping of programming language that are machine level
languages).
The instructions in 1Gl are made of binary number (0,1)
represented by 1s and 0s. This makes the language suitable for the
understanding of the machine but for more difficult to interpret and
learn by the human programmer.
Technology was vaccum tube technology the vaccum tube
is absolute having been replaced decodes ago by the bipolar transistor and more recently by the field
effect transistor. However, tubes are still used in some high-power amplifiers.

2. Second generation of computer: -

I. Time Period 1956 to 1963
II. Technology Transistors technology
III. Language Assembly language.

CHARACTERSTICS
i. Transistors were used in place of vaccum tubes.
ii. Second generation computer was smaller in as comparison with the first generation of
computers.
iii. They were faster in comparison with the first-generation computers.
iv. They generated less heat and were less prone of failure.
v. They took comparatively less computational time.
vi. Assembly language was used for programming.
vii. Second generation computers have faster input/output devices.
Examples: - IBM 7000, NCR 304, IBM 650, IBM 1401, ATLAS and Mark III.

IBM 1401
3. Third generation of computer: -
 I. Time Period 1964 to 1971
II. Technology Integrated circuits
III. Language High level language.

CHARACTERSTICS

i. IC (integrated circuits) was used instead of transistors in the third generation of computer.
ii. Third generation computer was smaller in size and cheaper as compare to the second generation
of computer.
iii. They were fast and more reliable.
iv. High level language was developed.
v. Magnetic core and solid states as main storage.
vi. They were able to reduce computational time and had low maintenance cost.
vii. Input/output devices became more sophisticated.
Examples: - PDP-08, PDP-11, ICL 2900, IBM-360 and IBM-370.

4. Fourth generation of computer: -

I. Time Period 1971 to 2005
II. Technology Microprocessor chip technology
III. language High level language.

CHARACTERSTICS

i. The fourth-generation computer have microprocessor-based systems.

 ii. They are cheapest among all the computer generation.
iii. The speed accuracy and reliability of the computer were
improved in fourth generation of computer.
iv. Many high-level languages were developed of the fourth
generation such as COBOL, Fortran, Basic, Pascal and C
languages.
v. A further refinement of Input/output devices was
developed.
vi. Networking between the systems was developed.
Examples: - IBM 4341, DEC 10, STAR 1000, PUP 11 and APPLE II.

5. Fifth generation of computer: -

I. Time Period 2005 to continue…
II. Technology ULSI microprocessor/Intel core.
III. Language programming Language.

CHARACTERSTICS

i. The fifth-generation computer will use

super large-scale integrated chips.
ii. They will have artificial intelligence.
iii. They will be able to recognize image
and graphs.
iv. Fifth generation computer aims to be
able to solve highly complex problem including
decision making, logical reasoning.
v. They will be able to use more than one
C.P.U. for faster processing speed.
vi. Fifth generation computer are intended
to work with natural language.
Examples: - Single chip CPU’s, Discrete semiconductor transistors etc.

DISCRETE COMPONENTS GRAPH

WWW :- World Wide Web
CD :- Compact Disk
DVD :- Digital Video Disk
RAM :- Random Access Memory
ROM :- Read Only Memory
HTTP :- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
URL :- Uniform Resource Locator
JPEG/JPG :- Joint Photographic Experts Group
PNG :- Portable Network Graphics
KB :- Kilo Byte (1KB=1024 bytes)
MB :- Mega Byte (1MB=1024 KB)
GB :- Giga Byte (1GB=1024 MB)
TB :- Tera Byte (1TB=1024 GB)
PB :- Peta Byte (1PB=1024 TB)
EB :- Exa Byte (1EB=1024 PB)
ZB :- Zetta Byte (1ZB=1024 EB)
YB :- Yotta Byte (1YB=1024 ZB)
PC :- Personal Computer
CPU :- Central Processing Unit
UPS :- Uninterruptible Power Supply
HTML :- Hyper Text Mark-up Language
SQL :- Structured Query Language
Keyboard :- Keys Electronic Yet Board Operating A to Z Response Directly.
MOUSE :- Mouse Operated User Symbolic Encoder/Manually Operated User Selection Equipment.
BASIC :- Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
COMPUTER :- Common Operating Machine Particularly Used for Technical Education Research.
Google :- Global Organization Oriented Group Language of Earth.
WINDOWS :- Wide Interactive Network Development for Office Work Solutions.
Laptop :- Light Weight Analytical Plat for with Total Optimized Power.
BIOS :- Basic Input Output System
IPOS :- Input Processing Output Storage
G-mail :- Google Mail
E-mail :- Electronic Mail
IP :- Internet Protocol
IT :- Information Technology
PDF :- Portable Document
TYPES OF COMPUTERS

There are several categories of computers that are on the market; however, we will
concentrate only on the Microcomputers (commonly known as "Personal
Computers").

The four basic categories of computers are:

1.Microcomputer (PC) - a small desktop or laptop. Common desktop PCs are

Gateway2000, IBM Aptiva, Micronics, etc. Common Laptops are Toshiba, IBM ThinkPad,
etc.

2.Minicomputers. Mid-size computers, non-portable types. Common minicomputers are

DEC Vax/750 models. They often appear as mainframes. They are gradually disappearing
from the marketplace.

3.Mainframe Computers. These are large computers, often occupying a large room. They are generally used by
banks, universities, and some government functions such as IRS, etc. They lost sales during the 1980-1991 era, but
were predicted to regain some leverage in 1993 and 1994. They may continue to lose ground with the advent of
some smaller computers such as the Zenith Z-Server, DEC Alpha Server, and other multi-CPU products housed in
small cabinets. These are useful at places where

large volume of data is produced but processing speed is, like in CRPF where payroll of force personnel is prepared.

4.Super computers. The most powerful computers. They are very fast, and have extremely high storage capacity,
probably in the terabyte range. Used in research, weather forecasting, modelling/simulations, etc. e.g. PARAM,
DEEP BLUE, ASCI RED TERA, SUPER CRAY-32. These are used in organisations where large volume of data
is required to be processed at very high speed
Let's look at Personal Computers

A Personal Computer (PC) is a computer, in a small cabinet or case, that is sized to fit on a desk. It can be in
different cabinet configurations such as a mini-tower, tower, laptop, desktop, etc.

A PC normally consists of a monitor, a cabinet, a keyboard, a mouse, one or more floppy drives, and one or more
hard disk drives. In the majority of cases, a PC will also contain a CD-ROM, a MODEM, and other components.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM.

HARDWARE: All parts of computer that are tangible in nature are called Hardware

SOFTWARE: - All information stored in computer are called Software. To have better understanding, keyboard
falls under Hardware and the letters typed from it fall under Software.
LIVEWARE: - Liveware is the user who operates the computer.

IPO CYCLE (INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT)

This is the basic aspect of all computer systems. Computers accept input, they process it in a specific manner and
produce some output. This is called IPO cycle.

MAIN CONSTITUENTS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE

i) Input devices
ii) Output devices
iii) Central Processing Unit
iv) Secondary memory

Input Devices

There was a time when the only way to get data into your computer was by typing. That is no longer true. The
number of ways to input data -- indeed, the variety of data that can be manipulated by a computer -- seems to be
growing by the day. And new input devices are being created to handle these new needs.

1. Keyboards

Keyboards are the most familiar and commonly-used input

devices, as well as the earliest available for desktop computers.
They look like a typewriter keyboard and are used for the
manual entry of alpha-numeric data.
There have been several "types" of keyboards developed over the years,
and also several "layouts" of the keys on the keyboard. The "types" are as follows:

83-key. It is the oldest PC keyboard, called the XT keyboard. It has a poor design from the standpoint
of few control keys, the RETURN (ENTER) and shift keys were too small, and had poor location of
some keys.
84-key. It was introduced in 1984 with the "AT" PC. It had better sized RETURN and SHIFT
keys, a more isolated key pad, and some special purpose keys.
101-Key Enhanced Keyboard. Introduced in 1986 with IBM's RISC based "RT PC". It has remained
very much the standard until 1996-1997. It may often actually have minor revisions that have more
than 101 keys.
104-Key Enhanced Windows Keyboard. It changes from the 101-Key model by adding 3 extra
keys - "Left window, right window, and an Application" keys.
More than 120 keys called multimedia keyboard which has multi functions like Home, mail, Vol.
Up/ Nd Sleep etc.
 These types of keyboards have been produced using different key layouts, the most significant being the
"QWERTY" layout, identified by the first row of alphabetic keys on the left side spelling the
"QWERTY". The "QWERTY" layout was originally developed in the 1870's when typewriters were
first developed, and it has remained the dominant layout, probably because most people learn to type on
typewriters with this keyboard. Other layouts like "Dvorak" have been introduced to show that faster
typing was possible. But none have gained significant popularity.

2. Mouse
With the introduction of graphic user interfaces (GUIs), the

mouse quickly caught on as an input device. Mice allow you to control an on-screen
pointer, called a cursor, which commonly looks like an arrow. When the arrow is
properly positioned, you can use it to perform various tasks by pressing buttons on the
mouse.
3. Graphic Tablets

Tablets allow you to write directly into the computer. Using a pen-like object called a stylus, you
write on the tablet surface as if it were a sheet of paper. Some tablets (as well
as the stylus) include buttons, allowing you to use them like mice. Newer
tablets, and some desktop models, allow the use of fingers instead of a stylus.
4. Joystick
Joysticks are most commonly used when playing games. Originally, they consisted of a single
movable stick and a button or two, allowing you to control a game character's movements. Modern
joysticks group a number of sticks and buttons together, allowing you to control complex
movements with a couple of finger flicks.
5. Headsets
Headsets are a combination of an earphone and a microphone. Combined with voice-
recognition software, headsets allow you to dictate data and commands directly into
other software programs on your computer. Using a headset means you can keep
your hands free for other tasks while using your computer.
6. Scanners
Scanners work much like photocopiers. You position the document you wish to copy on the
scanner's surface, then activate it. A digital image of the document is
created that can be saved in the computer's memory, then printed or saved. Note that this is an
image, and must be edited in a graphics program. If you wish to convert this image to text for
manipulation in a word processor, you need OCR (optical character recognition) software to make
the conversion.
7. Cameras.

Though often not recognized as such, cameras are also a computer input device. They
can be anything from a regular handheld camera to a digital video camera to the
inexpensive webcam clipped to the top of your monitor. Cameras are a quick and
easy way to get a lot of graphic information into a computer.

8. Video Capture Hardware

Video capture hardware hooks up to your TV and allows you to copy

TV programs directly into your computer, such as a digital video
recorder. Once stored, you can edit the video files just like your own
home videos. Video capture requires a great deal of storage space and
a fast computer.
9. Touch Screen
A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch
within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of the
device with a finger or hand. Touchscreens can also sense other passive
objects, such as a stylus. However, if the object sensed is active, as with a
light pen, the term touchscreen is generally not applicable.
The touchscreen has two main attributes. First, it enables one to interact
directly with what is displayed, rather than indirectly with a cursor
controlled by a mouse
or touchpad. Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate
device that would need to be held in the hand. Such displays can be
attached to computers, or to networks as terminals.

10. Light Pen

A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in
conjunction with a computer's CRT TV set or monitor. It allows the user to point to
displayed objects, or draw on the screen, in a similar way to a touch screen but with
greater positional accuracy. A light pen can work with any CRT-based display, but
not with LCD screens (though Toshiba and Hitachi displayed a similar idea at the
"Display 2006" show in Japan, projectors and other display devices.
Output Devices
Output Media include paper, display, and voice.

1. Paper output – used often so people can readily use the information; referred to as a hard
copy.

2. Display output – on a screen; must be saved on a secondary storage device to be

permanent; includes microfilm and microfiche; often referred to as a soft copy.

3. Voice response system – sound chips embedded in the hardware; includes beeps and verbal
responses to the user; prevalent in computer business applications; more advanced systems
use speech synthesizers to convert data into speech.

Output Devices

1. Monitors – vary in their quality; flat-panel monitors utilize newer technology.

Evaluate the viewable size of a monitor relative to the actual size.

The resolution includes pixels (short for picture element) and dot pitch (distance
between centres of adjacent pixels); the lower the dot pitch, the greater number of pixels
in the display and the higher the resolution.

Flat-panel monitors use LCD (tiny transistors to reflect light through the liquid crystal
to produce high resolution output) and plasma technology (tiny light bulbs to ignite the
phosphor to produce high-resolution output with little trailing edge blur).

2. Printers – chosen based on print quality, speed, and cost.

Impact printers are noisy, slow, and low-quality for graphics. When used for multi-
part forms, dot matrix is most common; inexpensive.

Non-impact printers include ink jet types that use fast-drying ink sprayed in droplets to
form the characters; relatively low cost and offer many features to make them popular in
office environments.

Non-impact printers also include laser printers, which use intense low-power light beam
capable of carrying millions of characters; very high-resolution for text and graphics, very
fast; capable of duplexing and using different paper sizes; costs coming down, making
them more attractive in the office.

3. Plotters-used for large drawings; drum and table plotters move the paper past a stylus bi-
directionally; use roll-feed paper up to 4 feet wide and 50 feet long; popular in engineering,
drafting and graphic arts.

4. Speakers-used with a voice-response system; can be an additional peripheral or built-in.

PC MONITORS

The PC Monitor is the device (screen, CRT) on which you are seeing these words. It is a
Cathode Ray Tube with controls housed in a plastic case. It may range in size from a 13-
inch diagonal to a 21 inch or larger diagonal measurement. A monitor can be adjusted for
brightness and contrast, and many monitors have additional controls for moving the image
left, right, or up and down. A monitor appears somewhat like this. This particular monitor
has high resolution capability of 1600 x 1200 pixels.
Now the question is what is a "pixel"?

It is the smallest display area on a screen. A single character, or the space it takes to display a single
character, can consist of dozens of pixels. These pixels can be colored to display single colors, or a mix
of colors to represent true colors.
The number of pixels a screen can contain is the "resolution" of a screen.
"Picture quality" depends on resolution, dot pitch, refresh rate and method, and the type of "phosphors" used in the
screen if we are speaking of a Cathode Ray Tube. Other types of screens (LCD, LED, Plasma) have some different
factors.

How do monitors work?

Well first, let’s say that there are color guns in the monitor that can regulate the intensity of a given color. There
are normally three guns - RED, BLUE, and GREEN. Combinations of color and intensities of the colors can be
mixed to represent any color desired. Some monitors are capable of only 2 colors, others 4, 16, 256, and even some
that can represent "true" color (or over 16 million colors). Actually, you have no need for true color since you can't
possibly distinguish that many colors with your eyes, and it takes a tremendous processing power to calculate and
display so many colors.

The color guns project beams of light (color) to various parts in a mix. These beams of light are called beams of
electrons. They pass thru the deflection yoke in order to display them at the proper location on the screen. Your
video card is responsible for sending the signals to the three color guns.

The beams from the color guns activate phosphor dots on your screen. The amount of power in each beam
determines the intensity of that color. Remember, a pixel is a single dot on a screen, but the pixel is made up of the
three colors. Different amounts of power for each of the three guns determines the color displayed as the three dots
mix for the pixel color.

In the beginning there was very low resolution (300 x 200 pixels), but it has changed over time to reach the high
levels of today! This resolution began even before the PC revolution; however, it was the PC revolution and
evolution that caused the high-resolution displays to be made available to the general public at a reasonable cost.
Different Types of Monitors

Now a days there are many types of monitors are available in the market. According to their
performance and cost effectiveness they choose by the user.

1. CRT- Cathode rays’ tube

2. TFT- thin film transistor
3. LCD- Liquid crystal Display
4. Plasma Monitors

PRINTERS

A printer is a device that can produce on paper, or plastic, images that can be seen or read by a user We
think of printers that print letters and graphics on bond paper, or clear film for slides. Plotters produce
drawings on paper or very large material. Even though they produce engineering drawings, maps,
graphic images, etc. they are still a form of a printer.

Printer has to print letters, documents, forms, spreadsheets, graphics, or about anything we want on
paper.

PRINTER TYPES: There are two types of printer

Impact Printer
Non-impact printer.

Dot Matrix Printers

Dot Matrix printers have poor quality printing when compared to most other types of printers. They do
not satisfy the need for letter quality printing, and they are relatively slow. However, for multiple copy
forms, they are an excellent choice. Wide carriage dot matrix printers are also good for large layout
printing. In general:

a) Dot Matrix printers last forever.

b) They use inexpensive ink ribbons & have less cost.
c) They are cheaper than other printers from the standpoint of paper, and you don't have toner
cartridges, ink or wax refills, etc
d) But - they don't print high quality letters.

Ink Jet or Bubble Jet Printers:

These are slightly less expensive than laser printers, produce high quality documents, but are not fast.
They are an excellent choice for home or low quantity printing. For large quantities of documents
purchase an expensive jet printer, or preferably, get a high-quality laser printer.

LASER Printers:

Laser printers are the choice for letter quality printing for both home and the office. Be careful - the least
expensive laser printers may be ok for home use or low volume use; however, they probably cannot cope
with the mechanical requirements of heavy office printing. Probably the best printer for high volume
 printing. If you only print letters and black/white graphic images, laser printers are probably your best
buy.

COLOR Thermal Printers:

This type of printer is too expensive for normal use. Buy one of these if you have to produce "publisher"
or book quality printouts, with low volume; or, if you desire to produce quality overhead slides for
briefings. The wax cartridges are expensive and do not last for any length of time. The paper is a special
type of paper and is very expensive.

Secondary Storage Devices: -

FLOPPY DRIVE STORAGE

The original purpose of floppy drives is to store data and transport data in a useable form. Floppy
diskettes are inexpensive and easy to handle. They are becoming somewhat overshadowed by today's
technology of CD-ROM, ZIP, and JAZ drives.

There are basically two popular sizes of floppy drives.

5.1/4-inch Floppy

They are almost never used anymore. They are low capacity, and slow. Originally,
5 1/4 Inch floppies had 1 side and 185 KB space, they later were formatted at 360KB,
and even later, you could format for 720 KB.

3.5-inch Floppies
These floppies could be formatted at 720 KB

(DD2S), 1.2 MB, and 1.44 MB. In some instances, they have been specially
formatted at 1.68 MB and 1.72 MB; however, without special software you
cannot format at these levels.

These 3.5-inch floppies are excellent for small file portability; however,
today, many graphics images alone are larger than the 1.44MB. If you need
to carry many large files, they require multiple floppies which become
cumbersome to handle.

Notice the disk case is hard, but inside the case, there is a flexible disk
called a "platter" or a surface.

There are normally two surfaces on a single platter in a floppy drive. The Read/Write head is on the
robot arm that extends over the surface.

The platter on a floppy diskette drive are coated with some magnetic film material that can record data
in the form of magnetized spots on the surface. The disk surface has "tracks" that are concentric circles
(complete circles) that are next to each other on each surface. The tracks on the outside are larger than
the tracks on the inner part of the surface. There may be 200 or more tracks per surface.
Then each surface is subdivided into "sectors". Each sector on each surface will be able to contain a
specific number of bytes (8-bit characters), usually 512 bytes per sector. The size of the sector determines
the amount of data that can be written, and the amount that will be wasted if only a few characters are in
a record. A one-byte record written to a sector occupies the entire track in that sector.
A floppy diskette must have a record that defines the disk to the CPU for access/writing. In a DOS
environment, this record is the File Allocation Table (FAT). The speed of rotation is a factor in the access
speed of the drive. The read/write head must move to the proper track before it can read. Once at the
proper track, it must wait for the proper sector to rotate under the head to read the data. This is called the
"latency" time.

The more files you have on a diskette, the larger the FAT table. Consequently, if you have a large number
of files on the floppy, the less actual data you can put on the drive, for example, with one file on a floppy,
you can put almost 1.44MB of data; for 250 files, you might only be able to put 1.2 MB of data on the
same diskette!

HARD DRIVE STORAGE

Hard drive is a storage device with one or more

metal disks (called platters), arranged on a spindle,
one above the other; with a read/write head (most
often on an arm that can be moved to a specific
point on the recording surfaces.

The inside of a Hard Drive may appear as shown.

Notice the disk, called a "platter" or a surface.

There are multiple surfaces and platters in some
hard disk drives.

The Read/Write head is on the robot arm that

extends over the surface. The motor and controls
for the read/write are in the bottom left corner, and
the setup circuitry is in the bottom right corner. The
container is open in this illustration; however, it is
normally

hermetically sealed to keep out dust.

The platters on a hard disk drive are

metal, coated with some magnetic film
material that can record data in the form
of magnetized spots on the surface. The
disk surface has "tracks" that are
concentric circles (complete circles)
that are next to each other on each
surface. The tracks on the outside are
larger than the tracks on the inner part
of the

surface. There may be 200 or more tracks per surface. If I have 10 surfaces, then I can have one cylinder
composed of track 1 on each surface. Track 2 on all surfaces is one more cylinder. And so on, so that I
have a cylinder for each track on the first surface.
Then each surface is subdivided into "sectors". Each sector on each surface will be able to contain a
specific number of bytes (8-bit characters), usually 512 bytes per each section of a track per sector. Each
sector contains a portion of each track on the surface. So, if there are 200 tracks on the surface, a sector
contains portions of 200 tracks.

A hard disk (and a floppy) must have a record that defines the disk to the CPU for access/writing. In a
DOS environment, this record is the File Allocation Table (FAT). It contains the information about
where to find anything written on the disk. Windows NT uses either DOS FAT or NTFS file systems.
OS/2 uses a HPFS (high performance file system).

The disk rotates at about 3600 RPM in most older drives. Some of the newer drives rotate at 4500 to
7200 RMP and a faster 10,000RMP model was introduced recently. The rotation speed is a factor in the
access speed of the drive. The factors that influence a hard drives performance are generally:
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)

RAID Devices are multiple hard drives arranged in a cabinet, usually in a "tower" type cabinet. The
thing that make them different from a large hard drive is primarily the multiple drives, which are 'hot-
swappable'. This means that if a single drive of the RAID array fails, you can insert a new drive and the
reconfigure to recover the data that was on the drive that failed.

a) They normally have much more storage than a single hard drive. But since the advent of 10 GB
and 20. + GB hard drives the size may not be more important unless you have enormous data.
b) RAID devices will usually have from 3 to 7 drives in their
cabinet.
c) Data is written (called "striping") to multiple drives rather
than to a single drive.
d) RAID devices allow you to 'mirror' data on another drive
in the array.

Flash Drive
What is a USB flash drive?

A universal serial bus (USB) flash drive is a small, portable

device that plugs into a computer's USB port. Like a hard disk,
a USB flash drive stores information, but with a flash drive you
can easily transfer that information from one computer to
another. USB flash drives vary in size and shape and can hold
gigabytes of information. USB flash drives are also called pen
drives, key chain drives, key drives, and memory keys.
CD-ROM Storage

CD-ROM stands for Compact Disk - Read Only Memory. The actual CD-ROM disk looks similar to
shown below. CDs are the actual Compact Disks that you place in the CD-ROM drive. CDs hold
approximately 650 MB of information. However, you must have a "CD-ROM" drive to be able to see or
use the contents of a CD. You will need a "recordable" CD-ROM drive if you want to record on a CD.

A compact disk (CD) is a plastic disk, coated with aluminium alloy. The "plastic" base is made of a
polycarbonate wafer. The CD is written to by a laser, and read by a laser. CDs are available in 63- and
74-minute versions.
 4.72 inches (120 mm) in diameter, 1.2mm thick, and has a 15mm hole in the centre for mounting in the
drive. CD-ROM drives are rated in terms speed. They are single, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 up to 52 X speed now
a days.

A single speed CD-ROM drive was designed to transfer data at 150 (KBPS) kilobytes per second. Each
speed rating is a number times 150 kbps. So, a 2 X speed should transfer data at a 300 KBPS, and a 10
X speed should be 150 MBPS x 10 = 1,500 kbps. or about 1.5MBPS. Access Time is another matter -
typically 100 to 200 Milliseconds.

DVD, also known as Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc, is an

optical disc storage media format, and was invented and developed by
Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Time Warner in 1995. Its main uses are video
and data storage. DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs
(CDs), but are capable of storing more than six times as much data.

Blu-ray Disc Blu-ray (not Blue-ray) also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the name of a next-
generation optical disc format jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc
Association (BDA), a group of the world's leading consumer electronics,

personal computer and media manufacturers (including Apple, Dell,

Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips,
Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and Thomson). The format was developed
to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video
(HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. The format offers more
than five times the storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold
up to 25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a dual-layer disc. This
extra capacity combined with the use of advanced video and audio
Codecs will offer consumers an Unprecedented HD experience.
 Variations of the term DVD often indicate the way data is stored on the
discs: DVD-ROM (read only memory) has data that can only be read and
not written; DVD-R and DVD+R (recordable) can record data only once,
and then function as a DVD-ROM; DVD-RW (re- writable), DVD+RW,
and DVD-RAM (random access memory) can all record and erase data
multiple times. The wavelength used by standard DVD lasers is 650 nm;[4]
thus, the light has a red color. DVD-Video and DVD-Audio discs refer to
properly formatted and structured video and audio content, respectively.
Other types of DVDs, including those with video content, may be referred
to as DVD Data discs.

While current optical disc technologies such as DVD, DVD±R, DVD±RW, and DVD-RAM rely on a red
laser to read and write data, the new format uses a blue-violet laser instead, hence the name Blu-ray. Despite
the different type of lasers used, Blu-ray products can easily be made backwards compatible with CDs and
DVDs through the use of a BD/DVD/CD compatible optical pickup unit. The benefit of using a blue-violet
laser (405nm) is that it has a shorter wavelength than a red laser (650nm), which makes it possible to focus
the laser spot with even greater precision. This allows data to be packed more tightly and stored in less
space, so it's possible to fit more data on the disc even though it's the same size as a CD/DVD. This together
with the change of numerical aperture to 0.85 is what enables Blu-ray Discs to hold 25GB/50GB. Recent
development by Pioneer has pushed the storage capacity to 500GB on a single disc by using 20 layers.

Blu-ray is currently supported by about 200 of the world's leading consumer electronics, personal computer,
recording media, video game and music companies. The format also has support from all Hollywood studios
and countless smaller studios as a successor to today's DVD format. Many studios have also announced that
they will begin releasing new feature films on Blu-ray Disc day-and-date with DVD, as well as a continuous
slate of catalog titles every month. For more information about Blu-ray movies, check out our Blu-ray
movies and Blu-ray reviews section which offers information about new and upcoming Blu-ray releases, as
well as what movies are currently available in the Blu-ray format.
PC MEMORY

MEMORY is a term that is used to represent storage that has "almost" instantaneous access by the CPU or
other processor. Every computer will have some type of

memory. However, the memory we speak of the most often is Random Access
Memory (RAM). RAM is the primary memory used when we "boot" (start-up) a
microprocessor the PC's operating system and device drivers are loaded into
RAM.
RAM has many functions, but its primary function is to store programs and
drivers for the various system devices. It is probably the most important type
of memory in your PC. We will discuss three types of memory:

a. RAM
b. ROM
c. Cache

RAM

When you enter a command from your keyboard, the CPU (microprocessor) processes the command and calls
for data (a program or data file) to be copied from a storage device (hard disk, floppy, CD-ROM, etc.) into
memory, where it is stored temporarily until the CPU needs it. The memory then provides the data to the CPU
more quickly than from the storage device. This data may be a program and actual data. This bulk memory is
called "RAM". The RAM is divided into multiple parts (locations, not types):
1.Conventional Memory (location 0 thru 640 KB)
2.High (Upper) Memory (641 thru 1 MB)
q3. Extended Memory (addresses above 1 MB)
4.Expanded Memory (sometimes).

RAM, itself, usually consists of Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM). DRAM

has several variations (such as FPM RAM, EDO RAM, and SDRAM) of chips
mounted on Single In-Line Memory Modules (SIMM) boards or chips, or on Dual In-
Line memory modules. A single

30-pin SIMM can hold up to 4MB and a 72-pin SIMM can hold up to 32 MB of
memory.

Different types of RAM like, DDR (Double Data Rate, double the speed of DRAM), DDR2 ((Double the speed of
DDR2), DDR3(double the speed of DDR2). DDR 184 Pin, DDR2 240 pin.

In computing, DDR3 SDRAM or double-data-rate three synchronous dynamic random access memory is a
random access memory interface technology used for high bandwidth storage of the working data of a computer
or other digital electronic devices. DDR3 is part of the SDRAM family of technologies and is one of the many
DRAM (dynamic random access memory) implementations.

DDR3 SDRAM is an improvement over its predecessor, DDR2 SDRAM, and the two are not compatible. The
primary benefit of DDR3 is the ability to transfer at twice the data rate of DDR2 (I/O at 8× the data rate of the
memory cells it contains), thus enabling higher bus rates and higher peak rates than earlier memory technologies.
In addition, the DDR3 standard allows for chip capacities of 512 megabits to 8 gigabits, effectively enabling a
maximum memory module size of 16 gigabytes.
With data being transferred 64 bits at a time per memory module, DDR3 SDRAM gives a transfer rate of
(memory clock rate) × 4 (for bus clock multiplier) × 2 (for data rate) × 64 (number of bits transferred) /8 (number
of bits/byte). Thus, with a memory clock frequency of 100 MHz, DDR3 SDRAM gives a maximum transfer rate
of 6400 MB/s.

DDR3 is a DRAM interface specification; the actual DRAM arrays that store the data are the same as in any
other type of DRAM, and have similar performance.

DDR3 memory provides a reduction in power consumption of 30% compared to DDR2 modules due to DDR3's
1.5 V supply voltage, compared to DDR2's 1.8 V or DDR's 2.5 V. The 1.5 V supply voltage works well with the
90 nano meter fabrication technology used in the original DDR3 chips. Some manufacturers further propose
using "dual-gate" transistors to reduce leakage of current.

According to JEDEC the maximum recommended voltage is 1.575 volts and should be considered the absolute
maximum when memory stability is the foremost consideration, such as in servers or other mission critical
devices. In addition, JEDEC states that memory modules must withstand up to 1.975 volts before incurring
permanent damage, although they are not required to function correctly at that level.

The main benefit of DDR3 comes from the higher bandwidth made possible by DDR3's 8-burst-deep prefetch
buffer, in contrast to DDR2's 4-burst-deep or DDR's 2-burst-deep prefetch buffer.

DDR3 modules can transfer data at a rate of 800–2133 MT/s using both rising and falling edges of a 400–1066
MHz I/O clock. Sometimes, a vendor may misleadingly advertise the I/O clock rate by labelling the MT/s as
MHz the MT/s is normally twice that of MHz by double sampling, one on the rising clock edge, and the other,
on the falling. In comparison, DDR2's current range of data transfer rates is 400–1066 MT/s using a 200–533
MHz I/O clock, and DDR's range is 200–400 MT/s based on a 100–200 MHz I/O clock. High-performance
graphics was an initial driver of such bandwidth requirements, where high bandwidth data transfer between
framebuffers is required.DDR3 prototypes were announced in early 2005. Products in the form of motherboards
appeared on the market in June 2007 based on Intel's P35 "Bear lake" chipset with DIMMs at bandwidths up to
DDR3-1600 (PC3-12800). The Intel Core i7, released in November 2008, connects directly to memory rather
than via a chipset. The Core i7 supports only DDR3. AMD's first socket AM3 Phenom II X4 processors, released
in February 2009, were their first to support DDR3.

DDR3 DIMMs have 240 pins, are electrically incompatible with DDR2 and have a different key notch
location.DDR3 SO-DIMMs have 204 pins.
ROM

Read only memory is programmed memory supplied with the machine and the user can read repeat only read the
information available in it but can't alter its contents. Without ROM a machine can't be put on work. ROM
contains the start-up instructions and instructions for loading the operating system and instructions for
performing the hardware tests. ROM is programmed by the hardware manufacturer and it cannot be erased.

CACHE

Cache is a small amount of high-speed memory that holds recently accessed data to boost the performance. When
the CPU needs data from memory, the cache circuitry checks to see if the information is already in Cache, if it is
the memory system can read the data and deliver to the CPU, otherwise data is accessed from the slow memory
devices. Normally Cache keeps track of the recently accessed data and loads it for further reference.
NUMEROUS "TYPES" OF MEMORY EXIST AND SOME OF THEM ARE LISTED BELOW WITH
GENERAL USES:

MEMORY TYPE USE

ROM BIOS, CMOS, Special function Chips.

RAM Main Memory - FPM RAM, EDO & BEDO RAM, Synchronous DRAM

(SDRAM) DRAM Chips on SIMM boards or Motherboard (Main

Memory)-DRAM is actually FPM, EDO RAM, or SDRAM on a chip.

SRAM Static RAM, used as External (L2) CACHE. L2 SRAM is on chips. L2 On-
board cache is in the CPU chip. It comes in 3 basic types - Async SRAM,

Sync SRAM, and PB SRAM (Pipelined Burst RAM - the fastest).

EDO RAM Extended Data Out RAM Memory used on Pentium or later type

motherboards. EDO RAM is not designed for 486 or earlier motherboards.

EDO RAM is on 72-pin SIMMs. EDO RAM comes in plain EDO and Burst
EDO (BEDO RAM) versions. EDO and BEDO RAM are ok in systems

with bus speeds up to 66MHz.

SDRAM Synchronous DRAM (Pentium w/MMX has SDRAM as main memory).

SDRAM memory is on 168-pin DIMM chips. SDRAM comes in several types

DDR2 /DDR3 SDRAM DDR2 and DDR3 are both memory technologies that attempt to provide

computes with high bandwidth memory. DDR3 devices reduce in power

consumption and heat generation as compare with DDR2 device.

FLASH Normally, it is memory on a card. The size of a PCMCIA card.

SOFTWARE

A set of instructions given to a system for performing specific task. If you wish to perform any task you have to
instruct the computer and provide step by step guidance in the form of programs for execution of task. Computer is a
junk box without software.

There are three types of Software

SYSTEM SOFTWARE
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
UTILITIES

SYSTEM SOFTWARE: - (Operating systems)

Normally user interacts with the computer through a special program which will always be running. This program
is known as System software or Operating system. It basically controls the operation of a computer. Basic
function of operating system is to manage computer Resource (Memory, Processor, I/O Devices) and provide
user interface. Commonly used operating systems are:
Single User
MS-DOS (Microsoft)
Windows XP, Vista, 7 etc.
Multi user

UNIX (Berkley/AT&T) Linux, Windows 2003 Server Windows 2008 Server etc.
OS acts as an interface between user and the machine.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE: -

These are the programs written for the execution of specific task, for instance the payroll system of CRPF. Here
the instruction codes are written keeping in view the requirements in CRPF. Another example is MS WORD,
this program is used for making documents. So, in this case the application is documentation and the program
written for this purpose i.e. MS WORD is application program.

UTILITIES
These are the programs used for maintenance and repair of the system. e.g. PCTOOLS, anti-virus software.

BOOT PROCESS
When you turn on your computer, something called the "BOOT PROCESS" takes place. The boot process is
essentially the following:

1. The CPU is cleared, the CPU register is set to F000 hex, which is the address of the BIOS ROM
chip.
2. The boot program in ROM BIOS is loaded into memory.
3. The boot program performs a set of "Power on Self-Tests (POST)" to determine if all its parts are in
working order.
4. The disk drives (normally A: and C:) are checked for a boot record. When found, it loads the "Boot
Record" into memory at address 7C00, and BIOS then transfers control to the boot record address.
5. The boot record then loads IO.SYS file which contains extensions to the ROM BIOS, and includes
a program called SYSINIT that handles the rest of the boot process. The boot record is then replaced in RAM by
other program code.
6. SYSINIT assumes control and loads MSDOS.SYS into RAM. MSDOS.SYS assists BIOS to manage
files, execute programs, and handle hardware interrupts.
7. SYSINIT finds the "config.sys" file and uses MSDOS.SYS to execute the commands in the
"config.sys" file.
8. SYSINIT then tells MSDOS.SYS to load the "command.com" into memory. Part of the
command.com is loaded into memory as part of BIOS. Then the internal DOS commands from
"Command.COM" loads into conventional RAM.
9. The third part of COMMAND.COM finds the "autoexec.bat" file and executes it.
10. The PC is now fully booted.
WINDOWS 10 FEATURES
- INTRODUCTION
With Windows 10, Microsoft is trying to keep some of the touch and tablet features it created for Windows 8,
combine them with the familiar Start menu and desktop, and run it all on top of an improved operating system with
more security, a new browser, the Cortana assistant, its own version of Office for on-the-go editing and plenty of
new features intended to make life simpler.
Of course, that also means it's very different to use, whether you come from Windows 7, Windows 8 or Windows
XP. You have to look in a new place even to turn your PC off.
On top of that, Windows 10 is more than just a PC operating system; it's also what will run on Windows phones –
and on small tablets as well, because a 6-inch phone and a 7-inch tablet aren't such very different devices. Microsoft
is expecting people to put Windows 10 on a billion devices (which ought to encourage more app developers to at
least take a look at building their apps for Windows phones and tablets, as well as for Xbox One and HoloLens).

- TIME & DATE SETTING IN WINDOWS 10

Note: You will need administrative rights on your computer to be able to change the date and
time.

Right-click on the time in the bottom-right of the screen and select Adjust Date/Time.

A window will open. On the left side of the window select the Date & time tab. Then,
under "Change date and time" click Change
 Note: Both Set time automatically and Set time zone automatically must be Off to
make this change.

Enter the time and press Change

The system time has been updated.

- RUN COMMAND (BASIC COMPUTER): -

1.) Open Run box in windows 10: - The Run box allows the user to open a program by name (if in the
Windows directory) or start any file by typing it’s the full path.

TYPE HERE
2.) Open date and time setting: - To launch date and time properties window from run command just
run the command timedate.cpl in run box.

3.) Refresh your computer: - For refreshing your computer you can use TREE in run box for
depth-indented listing of files.

After TREE command you will see black window on your computer screen (it’s basically
refreshing your computer).
4.) Temporary files: - To open temporary file and folder just run the command in run box Temp
after that you can remove unwanted filed and folders.

5.) Prefetch file: - To open prefetch file in your computer just run the command in run box
Prefetch after that you can delete all unwanted prefetch files and folder.
 MS OFFICE-2019 STRUCTURE
Microsoft Office is a software which was developed by Microsoft in 1988. This Office suite comprises
various applications which form the core of computer usage in today’s
world. In MS-Office 2019 you can use new option and advance features of
MS-Office 2019.
It’s used for business and education purpose for students and this program
is so useful for young generation.
Note: - It was released to general availability for Windows 10 and for
macOS on September 24, 2018.

MS Office Applications & its Functions

Currently, MS Office 2016 version is being used across the world and all its applications are widely used for personal
and professional purposes.
Discussed below are the applications of Microsoft Office along with each of their functions.

1. MS Word

• First released on October 25, 1983

• Extension for Doc files is “.docx”
• It is useful in creating text documents
• Templates can be created for Professional use with the help of MS Word
• Work Art, colours, images, animations can be added along with the text in the same file which is downloadable
in the form of a document
• Authors can use for writing/ editing their work
2. MS Excel

• Majorly used for making spreadsheets

• A spreadsheet consists of grids in the form of rows and columns which is easy to manage
and can be used as a replacement for paper
• It is a data processing application
• Large data can easily be managed and saved in tabular format using MS Excel
• Calculations can be done based on the large amount of data entered into the cells of a spreadsheet within seconds
• File extension, when saved in the computer, is “.xlsx”
3. MS PowerPoint

• It was released on April 20, 1987

• Used to create audio-visual presentations
• Each presentation is made up of various slides displaying data/ information
• Each slide may contain audio, video, graphics, text, bullet numbering, tables etc.
• The extension for power point presentations is “.ppt”
• Used majorly for professional usage
• Using Power point, presentations can be made more interactive
4. MS Access

• It was released on November 13, 1992

• It is Database Management Software (DBMS)
• Table, queries, forms and reports can be created on MS Access
• Import and export of data into other formats can be done
• The file extension is “.accdb”
5. MS Outlook

• It was released on January 16, 1997

• It is a personal information management system
• It can be used both as a single-user application or multi-user software
• Its functions also include task managing, calendaring, contact managing, journal logging and web browsing
• It is the email client of the Office Suite
• The online file extension for an Outlook file is “.pst” and offline file extension “.ost”.
6. MS OneNote

• It was released on November 19, 2003

• It is a note-taking application
• When introduced, it was a part of the Office suite only. Later, the developers made it free,
standalone and easily available at play store for android devices
• The notes may include images, text, tables, etc.
• The extension for OneNote files is “.one”
• It can be used both online and offline and is a multi-user application

Microsoft Office Versions

Version name Release date/ year

Microsoft Office for Windows October 1990

Microsoft Office 3.0 August 30, 1992

Microsoft Office 4.x 1994

Microsoft Office 1995 August 24, 1995

Microsoft Office 1997 1997

Microsoft Office 2000 June 7, 1997

Microsoft Office XP May 31, 2001

Microsoft Office 2003 October 21, 2003

Microsoft Office 2007 January 30, 2007

Microsoft Office 2010 June 15, 2010

Microsoft Office 2013 January 30, 2012

Microsoft Office 2016 September 22, 2015

Microsoft Office 2019 September 24, 2018

MICROSOFT WORD 2019
Microsoft Word 2019 is a word-processing program, designed to help you create professional-quality
documents. With the finest document- formatting tools, Word helps you organize and write your documents
more efficiently. Word also includes powerful editing and revising tools so that you can collaborate with
others easily.

How to start Microsoft word 2019.

Method 01: - To open Microsoft word 2019 write in search box word and click open/ press enter.

Click here
to open program

Method 02: - To open Microsoft word 2019 by run box by pressing Windows+R write in search box bar
“Winword”.
The Ribbon
Understanding the Ribbon is a great way to help understand the changes between Microsoft 2003 to
Microsoft 2019. The ribbon holds all of the information in previous versions of Microsoft Office in a more
visual stream line manner through a series of tabs that include an immense variety of program features.

Home Tab
This is the most used tab; it incorporates all text formatting features such as font and paragraph changes.

Insert Tab
This tab allows you to insert a variety of items into a document from pictures, clip art, tables and headers and
footers.

Design Tab
This tab has allowed you to insert watermark and border into a document.

Layout Tab
This tab has commands to adjust page elements such as margins, orientation, inserting.

References Tab
This tab has commands to use when creating a Table of Contents and citation page for a paper. It provides you
with many simple solutions to create these typically difficult to produce documents.
Mailing Tab
This tab allows you to create documents to help when sending out mailings such as printing envelopes, labels and
processing mail merges.

Review Tab
This tab allows you to make any changes to your document due to spelling and grammar issues. It also holds the
track changes feature which provides people with the ability to make notes and changes to a document of another
person.

View Tab
This tab allows you to change the view of your document to a different two-page document or zoom.

Help Tab
This tab is allowed to more advantage and help about any option of MS-Word-2019.
To Minimize and Maximize the Ribbon:
The Ribbon is designed to be responsive to your current task and easy to use; however, you can choose to minimize
it if it's taking up too much screen space. Click the arrow in the upper-right corner of the Ribbon to minimize it.
Minimizing the Ribbon: -

To maximize the Ribbon, click the arrow again.

When the Ribbon is minimized, you can make it

reappear by clicking on a tab. However, the Ribbon
will disappear again when you're not using it.

Note: - You can minimize and maximize the ribbon by

press Ctrl+F1 key.

To Customize the Ribbon:

You can customize the Ribbon by creating your own tabs with whichever commands you want. Commands are
always housed within a group, and you can create as many groups as you want in order to keep your tab organized.
If you want, you can even add commands to any of the default tabs, as long as you create a custom group in the
tab.
Right-click the Ribbon and select Customize the Ribbon. A dialog box will appear.

Customizing the ribbon by

right click of mouse.
After clicking customize the ribbon command you will get the customize ribbon pop-up box: -

You can create

new tab and group
Select a command and then rename
and then click “Add” then

After add the command click “ok” for apply successfully setting.

To get File Tab view: -

File tab gives you various options for saving, opening a file, printing, or sharing your document. It is similar to the
Office Button Menu from Word 2007 or the File Menu from earlier versions of Word.

After clicking file tab: -

Press on blank
document for enter into
MS-Word document.
 Microsoft
Word 2019
The Word 2019 Screen
The Word 2019 Screen
Quick Access Toolbar Minimize
Title Bar Maximize

Close
File Tab

Ribbon

Ruler

Vertical
Scroll Bar
Document
Window

Status Bar
View Buttons Zoom Slider

Keyboard Shortcuts

General Text Selection

Open a Document: - Ctrl+O
Create New: - Ctrl+N To Select Do This
A Word :- Double Click the word
Save a Document: - Ctrl+S A Sentence :- Press and hold Ctrl and click
Print a Document: - Ctrl+P anywhere in the sentence.
A Line :- Click in the selection bar next to the line
Close a Document: - Ctrl+W A Paragraph :- Triple-Click the paragraph.
Help: - F1 Everything :- Ctrl+A

Navigation Text Selection

Up One Screen: - Page Up
Down One Screen: - Page Down To Select Do This
A Word :- Double Click the word
Beginning of Line: - Home A Sentence :- Press and hold Ctrl and click
End of Line: - End anywhere in the sentence.
A Line :- Click in the selection bar next to the line
Beginning of Document: - Ctrl+Home
A Paragraph :- Triple-Click the paragraph.
End of Document: - Ctrl+End Everything :- Ctrl+A
Open the go to dialog box: - F5
 Word 2019 (Home Tab): -
Clipboard Section
1. Cut (Ctrl+X): - Remove the selection and put it on the clipboard so you
can paste it somewhere else.
2. Copy (Ctrl+C): - Put a copy of the selection on the Clipboard so you
can paste it somewhere else.
3. Paste (Ctrl+V): - Add content on the clipboard to your document, you
can take duplicate text for your document.
4. Format Painter: - Like the look of a particular selection? You can apply
that look to other content in the document.
Note: - If you want to apply format painter by keyboard so first of all
press CTRL+SHIFT+C for copy text formatting and then press
CTRL+SHIFT+V for paste copied text formatting.

Font Section

1. Bold (Ctrl+B): - You can make your text bold.

2. Italic (Ctrl+I): - Italicize to your text.
3. Underline (Ctrl+U): - Give the underline to your text.
4. Double Underline (Ctrl+shift+D): - Double underline to text.

5. Words Underline (Ctrl+shift+W): - You can underline of the selected words.

6. Increase Font Size (Ctrl+shift+>): - You can make your text to bigger.
7. Decrease Font Size (Ctrl+shift+<): - You can make your text to Smaller.
8. Subscript (Ctrl+=): - Type very small letter just below the line of text.
9. Superscript (Ctrl+shift++): - Type very small letter just above the line of text.
10. Change Case (Shift+F3): - Change the selected text to lowercase, uppercase, sentence case or other
capitalizations.
11. Strikethrough: - Cross wrong words into your paragraphs by indicating middle line on text.
12. Text effects and Typography: - Add some advance text effects such like as glow, reflection and more.
13.Text highlight color: - Make your text pop by highlighting it in a bright color.
14. Font color: - You cake change the color of your text.
15. Clear all formatting: - Remove all formatting from the selected text leave only black & white or unformatted
text.

Paragraph Section

Alignment in MS-Word: -
1. Left Align (Ctrl+L): - Set your content in left margin.

2. Right Align (Ctrl+R): - Align the content in the right margin.

3. Center Align (Ctrl+E): - Align the text in the center of page.

4. Justify Align (Ctrl+J): - Arrange the paragraph grid wise for

Type of Bullets: - Bullet is used for the give thelook betterand
heading andsub
polished.
heading to your content.
5. Symbol Bullets: - Create a arrows and icons bullets list.
6. Number Bullets: - Create a number bullet list.
7. Multilevel List Bullets: -Create a multilevel list to organize difference separate item.
8. Decrease indent: - Move your paragraph closer to the margin.
9. Increase indent: - Move your paragraph farther away from the margin.
10. Line and Paragraphs Spacing: - You can choose according to need space between the line and paragraphs.
11. Shading: - Change the color behind the selected text, paragraphs and table or cells.
12. Sort: - Arrange the content according to numerical and separately alphabetically order.
13. Borders: - Add and remove border style from your selection.
14. Show/Hide: - Show paragraphs marks and other hidden formatting symbols. This is especially for advance layout.
Styles Section

Especially style option is use for the make your text stylise and more effective of your document.

Editing Section

1. Find (Ctrl+F): - Find text or other content in the document.

2. Replace (Ctrl+H): - Text you would like to change and replace it with searched
something else.
3. Select: - Select the all content and object in the document.
3.1 Select all (Ctrl+A): - Select an all text and objects.
3.2 Select object: - This is especially useful when working with object that are behind
the text.
3.3 Selection Pain: - See a list of your all object. This is especially useful for select
to all object and change their orders.
Insert Tab:

Pages Section
In pages section you can create your document page in different page styles and edit to your page for making cover
page design.
1. Cover Page: - Through of cover page you can give more impressive look
to your document and you can use font design and style by using format
tab option in drawing tool.
2. Blank Page: - Add a blank page anywhere in your document.
3. Page Break: - End the current page here and move to the next page.
Note: - Whenever you will try to create cover page you get format tab for
design your cover page with advance tool options.

Cover Page Preview: -

After clicking
chosen cover page Image Preview: - After chosen
cover you get “Format” Tab.
you can make
impressive
Choose cover page design
document through
of format tab
option.

You can save more extra pages according to your need

just use save selection to cover page gallery in cover
page option.

Tables Section
A table is a great way to organize information within document and for more advance table layout you can use
table tool (Design and layout tab) after inserting table in your document. You can insert or draw a table and also
can use excel sheet table in MS-Word document.
The Table View: -
Add more table in your document by using table tools option in table section.

1. Draw Section: - In table layout you will get draw table for draw specific table and also
get eraser option to erasing table in document.

2. Rows and columns Section: - To insert new columns and rows in your table document.
2.1 Insert Above: - Add the new row directly above on the current row.
2.2 Insert Below: - Add the new row directly below the current line.
2.3 Insert Left: - Add the new column in left side of column.
2.4 Insert Right: - Add the new column in right side of column.
2.5 Delete: - You can delete selected rows, columns, cells and table
in your document.

3. Merge: - In this section you can merge and split to your table and cells.
3.1 Merge Cells: - Combine the selected text into a one cells.
3.2 Split Cells: - Split the current cells into the multiple cells.
3.3 Split Table: - Split the table into the two tables. Current row become the
first row of new table.

4. Cell Size: -To adjust the columns width and row height according to the content into the cells.
4.1 Auto Fit: - Automatically resize the
column in your table.
4.1.1 AutoFit Contents:- Fit to your
column width according to using
content in single column.
4.1.2 AutoFit Windows: - Fit to your
table according to using document
page.
4.1.3 Fixed Column Width: - When-ever
you write anything in your table
column width can’t change.
Note: - You can change rows height and columns width using by “Height” and “Width” option.
5. Alignment: - As you know alignment is use for the margin setup same here
you can edit to your text difference position in your document especially “text
direction” option is help to rotate your text.
5.1 Cells Margins: - To customizing cells margins and the spacing
between cells.
Table View before applying cells margins: - Here you can see content
is using space between table line.

“Cells Margin”
Default Setting

After change “Cells Margin”

Setting

6. Data Section: -
1. Sort: - Arrange the current selection in alphabetic or numerical
order.
2. Convert to text: - Convert to text into the separate columns.
3. Formula: - You can use simple formula like SUM, AVERAGE OR
COUNT in MS-Word table.
Table Tool (Design Tab): - The Design tab includes table formatting, cell and table borders, arranging
the table on the page, and the size of the table.

You can edit the table and give the

different formatting

1. Insert Table: - Inset table helps to insert new table in document by adding number of rows and column.
Note: - You can insert maximum 63 columns and 32767 rows in document but it’s not necessary to insert
because if you need to table work so, you can use excel table in MS-Word 2019.
To the insert table: -

According to the given number of

columns and rows table can be
generated.

Vertical View that’s called “Columns” and Horizontal View that’s called “Rows”
2. Draw Table: - To help draw the smooth table in document.
3. Convert text to table: - Helps the user to convert text to into the columns and rows.
Follow steps: -
Write some text in your document as given below: -

3
1

After text Selection

Click on “Convert
text to table”

“Separate” text at Other 2

(transfer into column
according to used space
between written word).

4. Excel Spreadsheet in MS-Word 2019: - In MS-Word 2019 that is very smart tool by using excel spreadsheet
you can easily make large data and do calculation fast and make table list.
Preview of excel sheet in MS-Word 2019: -

In excel sheet you can do basic work of MS -Word table in Microsoft document such like as basic calculation
sheet, Marks sheet data, Simple Expense Report, calendar etc.
Small preview of basic marks sheet in MS-Word 2019 document: -
Practice Marks Sheet
S.No. Name Hindi English Math Science S.S.T. Obtained Marks
1 Abhishek Kumar 80 89 42 88 53 352
2 Praveen Sharma 64 65 89 54 36 308
3 Rahul Sharma 75 81 85 49 33 323
4 Mahender Paswan 99 60 80 36 38 313
5 Santosh Jha 67 83 67 94 93 404
This marks sheet created on excel spreadsheet by using command “excel Spreadsheet” in MS-Word.
5. Quick Tables: - Quick table is very good option in table tool it helps to create automated table in specific
document.

PREVIEW OF QUICK TABLE

Illustrations Section
1. Picture: - Help to insert picture in document online or offline. While taking
picture from online source then your computer should be connected with the
internet.
Note: - After inserted Picture in document you can edit and modify to
picture just using “Format Tab” in MS-Word 2019.
2. Shapes: - Easy to use 1
and create different
object in document.
3. Icons & 3D Module:
2 - Insert an icon to
visually communicate
using symbols and 3d icons can rotate to see all angles. 3
4. SmartArt: - Insert a smart and dynamic diagram for presentation.
The SmartArt Preview: -
Follow these steps: -
Click on smart art graphic.

choose “cycle” SmartArt Graphic make progress Report.

Then Click on “ok” button to use SmartArt Graphic in your document and also can edit with design and format
tab.
Note: - You can create
graphic styles,
formatting with the help
of SmartArt graphic tool
(format and design tab)

3
5. Chart: - Make it easy to present your work using by line, area and pie chart.
The Chart Preview: -

Choose a Chart and

Click “OK”

Chart Preview in MS-

Word 2019: -

Chart Styles used to 2

format the chart.

This is a chart preview

after entering the data
in excel sheet.

Excel Sheet help to create

data in MS-Word

Design tab helps to modify the chart elements, charts layout, chart data bar and chart type etc.
6. Screenshot: - Its help to take quick snip of active window in MS-Word 2019.
The Screenshot Preview: -
Alternative Screenshot: - Screenshot makes
to easy take a quick snip of active windows
but you can also use different screenshot in
your computer just follow given command:
-
✓ Ctrl+PrintScreen: - You can take snip
by it and paste the screenshot where you
want.
✓ Function Key+PrintScreen: - In
windows 10 if Ctrl+PrintScreen not
works so you can take snip through of it.
✓ Snipping Tool: - Search this tool in your
computer and then you can take
screenshot with the help of it and save it.

Links Section
1. Hyperlink: - Create a link in document for quick access the webpages and your
files.
1.1 Insert Hyperlink: - By using the Ctrl+K you can link your file and webpages.
1.2 Remove Hyperlink: - By using the Ctrl+Shift+F9 you can remove the
created link in your document.
2. Bookmarks: - Bookmarks specially use for the mark the point for reminder in your document.
Note: - Cross reference is also used for the create link in document but you can use it in more specific
work such like as Chapter content link while you are marking index into your document.

Header & Footer Section

1. Header: - It used for give the same heading on multiple pages.
2. Footer: - It used for give the same bottom heading on multiple pages.
3. Page Number: - To help the give number of pages into the document.

Text Section
1. Text Box: - Put the content in text-box for more specifice paragraphs.
2. Insert Quick Part: - To insert the qucik formated text such like as author,
Company E-mail etc.
3. Wordart: - To insert the auto text formatting text in document.
4. Drop Cap: - To make first character very large in a paragraphs and defualt 3
line you can be created or highest 10 line can be dropped in a selected paragraph.
5. Signature Line: - You can insert a signature with the help of signature line.
6. Insert Date & Time: - To make easy document and suggested date & time to document printing.
7. Object: - To open different file in same ms word document.

Symbols
1. Equation: - Add the mathematical equations in your document, its help to make
mathematical question paper.
2. Symbol: - Symbols are very useful for you because you can insert different sign in
your document that are not on your keyboard.
Design Tab: -
Design tab is use for the colorization to page and give the watermark etc.

1. Watermark: - Add ghost text in behind of the paper and text.

2. Page Color: - Add a splash of color to document by changing the color of the
page.
3. Page Borders: - Add or change the border of the page.

1 Insert Picture
Watermark 1. Picture Watermark: -Through of
“PICTURE” watermark you can add
picture as a behind the paper and
washout it.
2. Text Watermark: - Through of the
“TEXT” watermark you can add text
into the behind of paper and choose
Insert “Text” font style, size, color and layout etc.
Watermark

Gradient: - Its used for the fill

multiple color preset into user text
file.
Texture: - Texture. This option
displays many different
You can fill effects on the surface textures you can use to fill
your drawing object. There are
2 page by using “Page
some great marble, fabric, and
color or fill effects”.
wood textures provided
with Word.
Pattern: - A pattern is a simple,
repeating overlay of a one-color
design over a background of
another color. 1. Right-click the
shape and choose Format Shape.
Picture: - You can use certain
AutoShapes as frames to enclose a
picture or even some text, which
can spruce up a boring Word 2007
document. When creating your
AutoShape, choose a shape that
can be used as a frame, like a
polygon. With that shape selected,
add a picture or text, depending on
what you need
 3 “Page Border” helps
to give pages border
and ART style border

YOU CAN GIVE PAGE BORDER EFFECT BY

USING “ART”

Borders: - In Microsoft Word, borders are the set of lines, design shapes, images, text boxes, boundaries,
and colourful graphics that are added in Word to make documents more attractive and beautiful. Using
a page border, you can customize the style and thickness of the page.
Layout Tab: -
To “layout tab” you can setup the margin of pages and document.
Page Setup Section: -
1. Margins: - In typography, a margin is the area
between the main content of a page and the page
edges. The margin helps to define where a line
of text begins and ends. When a page is justified
the text is spread out to be flush with the left and
right margins
2. Orientation: - Page orientation is the way in which a rectangular page is oriented for normal viewing.
The two most common types of orientation are portrait and landscape.
3. Size: - Word's default paper size is “Letter,” which is 8.5 x 11 inches. If you use a different size more
frequently than the default, you can change the default size of all new documents.
4. Columns: - When you enable columns, Word will automatically guide your text into columnar format.
5. Breaks: - Section breaks divide a document up into different sections, thus allowing you to apply
different formatting or layout options to those sections.
6. Line Number: - To give lines number in word your document.
7. Hyphenation: - Later additions and deletions of text may affect hyphen placement. Word allows you to
automatically hyphenate your document through the Hyphenation dialog box.
Custom Margin Preview: - Mostly custom margin used for the crate new stylise page and also use for the book
binding just using “Gutter” Margin option.
“Gutter Margin” Preview: -

GUTTER MARGIN
The gutter margin is a
typographical term used to designate
an additional margin added to a page
layout to compensate for the part of
the paper made unusable by the
binding process. In a facing pages
layout (Word refers to this type of
layout as "mirror margins"),
the gutter margin is on the very
inside of both pages
References Tab: -
This tab has commands to use when creating a Table of Contents and citation page for a paper. It provides you
with many simple solutions to create these typically difficult to produce documents.
Table of Contents Section
1. Table of contents: - Create the table of contents. Word uses the
headings in your document to build an automatic table of contents that
can be updated when you change the heading text, sequence, or level.
Click where you want to insert the table of contents – usually near the
beginning of a document.
2. Add Text: - Insert your table of contents into any document, and adjust it to suit your needs. Add
text above and/or below the table of contents as required.
3. Update Table: - Word uses the headings in your document to build an automatic table of contents that
can be updated when you change the heading text, sequence, or level. Click where you want
to insert the table of contents – usually near the beginning of a document.

Footnotes Section
1. Insert Footnote: - Word inserts a reference mark in the text and adds
the footnote mark at the bottom of the page.
2. Insert Endnote: - Word inserts a reference mark in the text and adds
the endnote mark at the End of the Document.
3. Show Notes: - Show to notes helps to direct reach to endnote area and
footnote.
Citation & Bibliography Section
1. Insert Citation: - Click at the end of the sentence or phrase that you
want to cite, and then on the References tab, in
the Citations & Bibliography group, click Insert Citations. From the
list of citations under Insert Citation, select the citation you want
to use.
2. Manage Sources: - MS Word References has a master list of
References (created from all sources used in Word documents).
3. Style: - Choose the citation style in for your document, such as an APA or Chicago Styles etc.
4. Bibliography: - List all your source in a bibliography or works cited section.
Captions Section
1. Insert Caption: - Label your picture or object. Once you’ve added
a caption, you can reference Your object anywhere in your
document by inserting cross-reference.
2. Insert Table of Contents: - Its help to insert table of content in
word document.
3. Update Table: - Word uses the headings in your document to
build an automatic table of contents that can be updated when you change the heading text, sequence, or
level. Click where you want to insert the table of contents – usually near the beginning of a document.
4. Cross-references: - Refer to specific places in your document, such as headings, figure and table. Here
you can also add hyperlink where the label is automatically generated.
Mailing Tab: -
This tab allows you to create documents to help when sending out mailings such as printing envelopes, labels and
processing mail merges.

Create Section
1. Envelopes: - To sending mail? You’ll need an envelope. You can choose the size, format the address etc.

Preview of inserting Envelope in a word

Document.

2. Labels: - They may be stickers, permanent or temporary labels or printed packaging.

On the check box of use return address and click “option

button” here you can choose number of labels in a
document page.

You can choose

different labels
that you want.
Labels Preview (30 Label in a page): -

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name, XYZ Company Name,

Address Line 1 Address Line 1 Address Line 1
Address Line 2 Address Line 2 Address Line 2
Address Line 3 Address Line 3 Address Line 3

Above labels you can print and use for the packaging.
 Start Mail Merge Section
Mail merge is a feature within most data processing applications that enables users to send a similar letter or
document to multiple recipients. It enables connecting a single form template with a data source that contains
information about the recipient's name, address and other predefined and supported data.
OR
Mail Merge is most often used to print or email form letters to multiple recipients. Using Mail Merge, you can
easily customize form letters for individual recipients. Mail merge is also used to create envelopes or labels in bulk.
Note: -This feature works the same in all modern versions of Microsoft Word: 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019.

Steps to apply mail merge in Microsoft word 2019: -

1. In a blank Microsoft Word document, click on the Mailings tab, and in the Start Mail Merge group,
click Start Mail Merge.

2. Click Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard.

3. Select your document type. In this demo we will select Letters. Click Next: Starting document.
4. Select the starting document. In this demo we will use the current (blank) document. Select Use the
current document and then click Next: Select recipients.

➢ Note that selecting Start from existing

document (which we are not doing in this
demo) changes the view and gives you the
option to choose your document. After you
choose it, the Mail Merge Wizard reverts
to Use the current document.

5. Select recipients. In this demo we will create a new list, so select Type a new list and then click Create.

Create a list by adding data in the New

Address List dialog box and
clicking OK.

6. Now create recipient information.

 7. Type recipient list then click ok.

o Filled recipient details in empty columns.

To add Find recipients list you

new can search “what you
entries. want to find”.

o Save the list.

Note that now that a list has been created, the Mail Merge Wizard reverts to Use an existing list and you
have the option to edit the recipient list.
Edit Recipient list preview: -

You can edit recipient list easily by

clicking
“Edit” Option.

Writing & Insert Fields (E-mail writing in mail wizard and mailing tab): -
Click on “Insert Merge Field” and insert Title, Company_Name, Work_Phone, Email_Address, Greeting_Line
etc.
User’s Document Preview: -
«Title»
«Company_Name»
«Work_Phone»
«Email_Address»
«GreetingLine»
Subject: - “type here Application subject”

Body of the letter………………………………… ……………………………………. …………………………….

……………….. ……………. ………………………………………… ………………….. ……. ……….. …….

……………………………… ………………… ………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………

End of letter.

Thanks

“Add Sender’s Signature”

“Designation”

“Company Address”
The preview Section view: -

Insert Merge Field Button Recipients List Preview result of inserted Recipient list
«Title» Branch Manager
«Company_Name» State Bank of India
«Work_Phone» 1800 425 3800
«Email_Address» SBIhelpline@gmail.com
«GreetingLine» Dear Sir or Madam,
In preview result section you can easily reach next & previous recipient list and also can reach first & end/last
recipients list by using “Preview Record” button.
The Finish Section view: - PREVIEW RECORD BUTTON
1. Edit Individual Document: - It helps to edit and view all merge fields in different word document.
2. Print Document: - Print document for the hard copy.
3. Send Email Messages: - To send email of the recipient by email & subject line or HTML mail format
helps to send proper mail.
Send the mail to recipients by using “Send Email Messages” option in finish & merge option.
Review Tab: -
This tab allows you to make any changes to your document due to spelling and grammar issues. It also holds the
track changes feature which provides people with the ability to make notes and changes to a document of another
person.
Proofing Tool Section: - The addition of proofing tools enables you to use the spelling and grammar checking
capabilities in Microsoft Office for a wide range of languages.

1. Spelling & Grammar (F7): - If the program finds spelling mistakes,

a dialog box appears with the first misspelled word found by
the spelling checker.
Note: - Red line indicates “Spelling mistake” and green/blue line
indicates “grammar mistake” in word document.
2. Thesaurus (Shift+F7): - Using the thesaurus, you can find synonyms (different words with the same
meaning) and antonyms (words with the opposite meaning). In Microsoft Office Word you can look up
a word quickly if you right-click anywhere in your document, and then click Synonym on the shortcut
menu.
3. Word count (Ctrl+Shift+G): - When you need to know how many words, pages, characters, paragraphs,
or lines are in a document, just click on word count option and check the status on word count dialog box.

Comments Section: - Select the chunk of text upon which you desire to comment. Be specific.
Tracking Section: - The Track Changes function in Word allows you to
keep a record of amendments made to a document. You can then choose to
accept or reject the amendments. It is a useful tool for
managing changes made by several reviewers to the same document. You can
“lock tracking” and give the password to makes changes in document.
Restrict Editing: - This is a better feature in Microsoft word. It helps to protect your document with the password
and enable editing or formatting in a word document.
View Tab: -
This tab allows you to change the view of your document to a different two-page document or zoom.
Views Section: -
1. Read mode: - The best view to read a document with including some
tool designing for reading instead of writing.
2. Print Layout: - See how the document look if printed. This is
common page to write and edit document in Microsoft word.
3. Web Layout: - Web Layout view is designed to show you what your document would like if you intend
to publish it as a webpage. It also serves to display a compact version of your document without margins
and page breaks so you can view more content on the screen at one time.
4. Outline: - Word's Outline view presents a document in a unique way. It takes advantage
of Word's heading styles to help you group and organize thoughts, ideas, or plotlines in a hierarchical
fashion. Outline tools make it easy to shuffle around topics, make subtopics, and mix in text to help
organize your thoughts
5. Draft: - Draft view can be considered a "pared down" version of the Print Layout view. It allows you to
generally see how your text will appear on paper. This means you can see what each line will look like,
how the text appears, and where the lines will break. You can also see where each page will break.

The Immersive tool: - Immersive Reader is a free tool that implements proven
techniques to improve reading and writing for people, regardless of their age or
ability. Immersive Reader can improve reading comprehension and increase fluency for
English language learners.

Page Movement: - In page movement section you have “Vertical movement” helps
to scroll up and down to page and “Side to Side movement” see whole pages by
sliding each page from right to left or left to right.

The Show View Section: - Show section is helps to show the ruler, gridlines and
navigation pane in document. Basically, ruler used for the
paper setup and margin setup, gridlines used for the view gridline (as a graph
paper line) view and navigation used for the find the word that you want to
search in word document.

The Zoom Preview Buttons: - Zoom the level according to your need
and also use the status bar for zoomier zooming.
One Page: - Zoom the document so you can see entire page.
Multiple Pages: - Zoom the document so you can see multiple pages.
Page Width: - Zoom the document so that the width of the pages matches
the width of the windows.
The Windows Preview Section: - New Window helps to open a second windows for your document so
you can do work in different places at the same time.
o Arrange All: - stack your
open windows so you can see
all of them at once.
o Split Window: - A
horizontal line will appear in
your window. Choose where
you would like the split to occur, and right-click your mouse. You can adjust the split by clicking
and dragging the horizontal line.
o Switched Windows: - The safest way to switch between document windows is to use the Switch
Windows menu on the View tab. The menu lists up to nine open documents in Word.
To switch to another document, choose it from the menu.
Macros in word: - Macros used for the record to your steps and format which you are using in
Microsoft word document.
Steps to record a macro: -
1. Click View > Macros > Record Macro.
2. Type a name for the macro.
3. To use this macro in any new documents you make, be sure the
Store macro in box says All Documents (Normal. ...
4. To run your macro when you click a button, click Button.
5. Click the new macro (it's named something like Normal.

Vikash
IT Trainer
Course: - Microsoft Word 2019
YouTube Link: - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC35mQm5w4BEKvaBf9EDKKjw