Ngày 25/5/2025

Writing task 1: The charts below show the main reasons why students chose a
particular university in the UK in 1997 and 2007. Provide an overview of the
information by identifying and des1cribing the key details, and include
comparisons where appropriate.

The two pie charts compare the main reasons why students in the UK chose a
particular university in 1997 and 2007.
Overall, the most common reason in both years was the availability of suitable degree
courses, which became slightly more popular over time. In contrast, proximity to the
parental home declined significantly as a factor.
In 1997, 35% of students selected a university based on its degree offerings, and this
figure rose slightly to 37% in 2007. The quality of teaching also became more
important, increasing from 15% to 22%. Similarly, the percentage of students who
considered good sports and social activities rose from 10% to 18%, indicating growing
interest in campus life beyond academics.
Conversely, the importance of being close to home dropped sharply, from 19% in 1997
to just 6% in 2007, suggesting that students became more willing to travel for better
opportunities. The percentage of students choosing universities based on quality of
resources fell slightly from 21% to 17%.
In conclusion, academic quality and student life became more influential in university
choices over the decade, while practical considerations like living close to home
became less significant.
Task 2: The best way to ensure a happy family life for children is to make
mothers and fathers take part in parenting courses every year. Do you agree or
disagree with this idea?
Raising children is one of the most significant responsibilities for parents, directly
impacting a child’s well-being and happiness. Some people advocate for compulsory
annual parenting courses for both mothers and fathers as the best way to ensure a
happy family life. While I acknowledge the potential benefits of such training, I do not
fully agree with the idea of making these courses mandatory every year.
On one hand, parenting courses can provide valuable guidance, particularly for new or
struggling parents. These programs often teach effective communication skills,
discipline strategies, and emotional support techniques, which are essential for raising
emotionally healthy children. In today’s rapidly changing world, where parents face
new challenges such as technology use and mental health issues, regular training could
help them stay informed and adapt to modern parenting needs.
However, making these courses compulsory every year may not be practical or
necessary for everyone. Many parents successfully raise their children without formal
training, relying on experience, cultural values, or family support. Forcing all parents to
attend annual courses could create unnecessary pressure, especially for those with
limited time or financial resources. Furthermore, the quality and relevance of
parenting courses can vary significantly, and a one-size-fits-all approach may not suit
every family's unique situation.
Instead of mandating yearly training, it may be more effective to make parenting
courses widely available and strongly encouraged, particularly during key stages of a
child's development. Governments and communities could offer flexible options such
as online sessions or local workshops to ensure accessibility without enforcing
participation. This approach would allow parents to seek guidance when they feel it is
most needed, rather than feeling obligated to attend courses annually.
In conclusion, while parenting courses can undoubtedly play a helpful role in
improving family life, I do not believe that making them compulsory every year is the
best solution. A more balanced approach that offers guidance while respecting parents’
independence would likely be more effective and better received. By providing
resources and support without imposing mandatory requirements, we can empower
parents to make informed choices that foster healthy family dynamics.
Ngày 17/5/2025
Task 1: The diagram below illustrates the process of producing drinking water
using a solar-powered water pump and water filter. Provide an overview of the
information by identifying and describing the key details, and include
comparisons where appropriate.

The diagram illustrates the process of producing drinking water through a solar-
powered system, which involves drawing water from an underground well, storing it in
a tank, and filtering it before it is consumed.
Overall, this system harnesses solar energy to power an electric water pump, which
extracts groundwater and transfers it into a storage tank. The water then passes
through a filtration system before being dispensed for use, making the entire process
environmentally sustainable and energy-efficient.
The process begins with a solar panel absorbing sunlight, which is then converted
into electricity by a converter. This electricity powers a pump that draws water from
an underground well. Once extracted, the water is pumped into a large water tank
positioned on a wooden platform above ground level.
Inside the tank, water is stored temporarily before being filtered. A water filter is
connected to the tank, through which the water flows before reaching the tap. At this
final stage, clean drinking water is collected into a moveable container, ready for
consumption.
One notable feature of the system is its self-sufficiency—it relies solely on renewable
energy and does not require connection to an external power source. Furthermore, the
water purification process is both simple and effective, involving minimal mechanical
components and human intervention.
In summary, the diagram demonstrates a sustainable and efficient method for
generating clean drinking water using solar power, making it particularly suitable for
remote or off-grid locations where traditional infrastructure may be lacking.
.

Task 2 : It is believed by some that women make better leaders than men, such
as in companies or government. Do you agree or disagree with this belief?
In recent years, human are living in a world where the values of gender equality are
vastly celebrated. Therefore, opinions are divided on whether women could
outperform men in such fields like businesses and governments. I am totally disgree
with this idea.
On the one hand, it is undeniable that women often demonstrate high levels of
emotional intelligence, empathy, and communication skills — all of which are essential
for effective leadership. For example, female leaders may be more attuned to the needs
of their team members and more inclined to adopt a collaborative approach. This can
lead to a more supportive work environment and improved team performance.
Moreover, research has shown that organizations with gender-diverse leadership
teams tend to perform better financially and have higher employee satisfaction.
On the other hand, equating leadership ability solely with gender is overly simplistic.
Leadership is a complex and multifaceted skill that varies widely among individuals.
Many male leaders have proven themselves to be visionary, decisive, and resilient in
challenging situations — traits that are equally critical to successful leadership. In fact,
both men and women can exhibit a wide range of leadership styles depending on their
personality, experience, and the context in which they operate.
Additionally, suggesting that women are naturally better leaders may unintentionally
reinforce gender stereotypes and shift focus away from the real issue — the need for
equal access to leadership opportunities. Rather than debating who leads better,
efforts should be made to ensure that all individuals, regardless of gender, are
evaluated based on merit and given the chance to develop their leadership potential.

In conclusion, while women undoubtedly bring valuable qualities to leadership roles, I

believe that no gender holds a monopoly on effective leadership. Success in leadership
should be seen as a result of personal qualities, skills, and circumstances rather than
gender alone.

Writing task 1: The chart below gives information on the percentage of British
people giving money to charity by age range for the years 1990 and 2020.

The presented bar chart highlights the percentage of people in five different age groups who
donated to charity in Britain over the period of twenty years from 1990.
Overall, while the number of donors aged 18 to 50 saw a downward trend, the two other
groups had a reverse pattern. In addition, the middle aged who were 36 to 50 years old led
in the number of donors in 1990, but at the end of the period, people aged 51 to 65
surpassed them to have the highest percentage.
In 1990, the 18-25 group gave money away the least, at around 17%. At the same time, the
26-35 and 36-50 groups’ percentages of donors reached 31% and 42%, respectively .
However, in 20 years from then, the 18-25 age group experienced a drop of 10%. The two
remaining ranges, 26-35 and 36-50, fell slightly to 23% and 34%, respectively.
On the other hand, there was a mild increase in the percentage of donors aged 51 to 65, from
34% in 1990 to 38% in 2010. Moreover, the figure for the percentage of people aged 65
and above minimally grew from 31% in 1990 to 34% in the next 20 years

Writing task 2: Some people work for the same organisation all their working
life. Others think that it is better to work for different organisations. Discuss
both views and give your opinions.
Band 8.0

In the past, people were more inclined to work for the same organisation for a long
time. Today, however, individuals have a variety of options when it comes to
employment. Some still prefer to stay with their current company, while others believe
that working for different organisations is far more beneficial. This essay will explore
both perspectives before arriving at a plausible conclusion.
On the one hand, there are many employees who dedicate their entire professional
lives to a single corporation. The main reason for this is the sense of financial stability,
which can often be achieved by staying in the same workplace over a long period.
Financial security serves as a strong incentive, motivating employees to contribute to
the productivity and success of the company. Moreover, those who remain with the
same organisation gain a deep understanding of its operations and can build strong
networks with colleagues. If they work diligently, promotions are likely, along with the
promise of a good pension upon retirement. Therefore, companies that value loyalty
may offer additional incentives to long-term employees, including bonuses and reward
schemes.
On the other hand, proponents of changing jobs argue that moving between companies
can be highly beneficial. This is because it exposes individuals to diverse working
environments, allowing them to grow and develop professionally. In addition, they
have the opportunity to meet and collaborate with people from various walks of life,
which can broaden their horizons and improve their teamwork skills. Another factor
contributing to this trend is the potential for boredom and dissatisfaction. Some people
may feel stuck doing the same job year after year, or they may come to realise that their
current workplace no longer suits their goals. Consequently, job-hopping can be seen
as a strategic decision to gain variety and acquire a wide range of skills and valuable
experience.
After analysing both viewpoints, it is clear that changing jobs can be more
advantageous, as it often leads to better personal and professional fulfillment.
Therefore, it is recommended that people remain open to exploring different industries
in order to stay motivated, enjoy a balanced life, and better meet their family’s needs.
Band 8.0
“ Historically, employees often dedicated their careers to a single organization.
However, today's dynamic job market presents a wider range of choices, leading to a
debate: is lifelong employment with one company preferable to working for several?
This essay will explore both perspectives before offering a considered conclusion.
The appeal of long-term employment with a single organization is undeniable for
many. Financial security, a key motivator, is often readily achieved through consistent,
long-term employment. This stability encourages employee loyalty and contributes to
company productivity. Furthermore, prolonged tenure fosters in-depth knowledge of
company operations and facilitates the building of strong professional networks.
Diligent employees are rewarded with potential promotions and the promise of a
comfortable retirement pension. Companies often recognize and reward this loyalty
with additional benefits, such as bonuses and incentive schemes.
Conversely, a compelling argument exists for the advantages of working for multiple
organizations. Exposure to diverse work environments accelerates professional growth
and development. The opportunity to collaborate with individuals from varied
backgrounds broadens perspectives and enhances teamwork skills. Moreover, the
potential for stagnation and dissatisfaction in a single role is a significant factor. The
monotony of repetitive tasks or a mismatch between personal goals and company
culture can lead to disillusionment. Therefore, changing jobs can be a strategic move to
gain variety, acquire new skills, and accumulate valuable experience across different
sectors.
Having considered both viewpoints, the benefits of working for multiple organizations
outweigh those of staying with a single employer. While the financial security and
established networks offered by long-term employment are attractive, the limitations
imposed by a lack of diversity and the potential for stagnation are significant. The
broader skillset, enhanced adaptability, and increased career prospects afforded by
varied professional experiences are ultimately more beneficial for personal and
professional fulfillment in the long term. Therefore, a proactive approach to exploring
diverse employment opportunities is advisable for career advancement and overall
well-being.”
Other sample band 8.0
In the modern world, career choices have become more diverse than ever before. While
some individuals choose to remain loyal to a single company throughout their
professional lives, others believe that changing employers provides greater benefits.
This essay will discuss both perspectives and explain why changing companies can be a
more rewarding career strategy.
On the one hand, staying with one company offers a sense of stability and long-term
security. Employees who remain in the same organisation often develop deep
institutional knowledge and build strong relationships with colleagues and
management. Over time, this can lead to promotions, increased responsibilities, and
attractive retirement benefits. Additionally, many organisations reward loyalty with
bonuses, pension plans, and job security, making it an appealing option for those who
prioritise stability and predictable growth.
On the other hand, working for different companies can offer broader opportunities for
professional development and personal growth. Individuals who switch jobs are
exposed to new environments, work cultures, and challenges, which can sharpen their
skills and increase their adaptability. Furthermore, changing companies often results in
higher salaries, as external job offers frequently come with better compensation
packages than internal promotions. This path also helps employees avoid stagnation
and burnout, which can occur when doing the same role for many years.
In my view, although loyalty to one company has its advantages, the benefits of
working for multiple employers outweigh them in today’s fast-paced and competitive
job market. Career mobility allows individuals to continuously learn, expand their
professional network, and position themselves for advancement. Moreover, as
industries evolve rapidly, being adaptable and open to new experiences is crucial for
long-term success.
In conclusion, while some prefer the security of staying with a single employer, others
see greater value in exploring different opportunities. Given the dynamic nature of
modern careers, changing companies is often the more strategic and fulfilling choice.

Hey there! Let's boost your IELTS Task 2 score! Your essay is good, but we can supercharge those
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1. Move Beyond Generalizations: Instead of saying "financial stability," show it!

 Guidance: Use concrete examples to illustrate your points. Avoid vague statements.
 Example (Weak): "Staying with the same company offers financial stability."
 Example (Strong): "A long-term employee at a stable company like IBM might receive regular
salary increases, bonus shares, and a generous pension plan, ensuring financial security
throughout their career."
 Model Sentence: "For instance, employees at Google often benefit from lucrative stock options,
providing a powerful incentive to remain within the company for extended periods."

2. Illustrate Diverse Experiences: Your "changing jobs" section needs more specific examples of
professional growth.

 Guidance: Show, don't tell. What specific skills did they gain? What kind of projects did they work
on?
 Example (Weak): "Moving between companies allows for professional growth."
 Example (Strong): "Consider Sarah, who started as a junior marketer in a small firm, gaining
experience in social media campaigns. Switching to a larger agency, she then managed multi-
million dollar advertising budgets, honing her strategic planning and leadership skills."
 Model Sentence: "For example, an engineer who moved from a construction firm to a tech startup
gained invaluable experience in agile methodologies and project management software,
significantly enhancing their career prospects."
3. Quantify Your Claims Where Possible: Adding numbers makes your examples more impactful.

 Guidance: Use statistics, percentages, or specific figures where applicable to strengthen your
arguments.
 Example (Weak): "Companies value loyalty."
 Example (Strong): "A 2022 study by [Source] found that companies with high employee retention
rates experience a 30% increase in overall productivity."
 Model Sentence: "In fact, 75% of respondents in a recent survey indicated a preference for working
for a company that prioritizes employee development and offers opportunities for career
advancement."

4. Use Real-World Examples (if you know them): Specific company names add credibility.

 Guidance: Mention well-known businesses your audience can relate to.

 Example: Instead of "a large corporation," try "a multinational such as Unilever."

By following these steps, you'll create more compelling and specific examples, significantly improving your
Task 2 response. Good luck! 👍

Writing task 1: The grap and the table below show the average monthly
temperatures and the average numbers of hours of sunshine per year in three
major cities. Summerise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

The line graph and the table gives data on average temperatures and yearly hours of
sunshine in London, New York and Sydney.
Overall, the temperature patterns for London and New York are similar with the
hottest weather being in July while the highest average temperature in Sydney is in
January. The sunshine hours in New York and Sydney are nearly the same and much
higher than the figure for London.
Looking at the monthly average temperatures in more detail, the changes in
temperatures in London and New York show a similarity although the city in North
America has warmer summers and colder winters. The average temperatures in both
London and New York respectively peak at 23 degrees and 29 degrees in July, whereas
January is the month when Sydney experiences the warmest weather with 25 degrees.
New York’s temperatures decrease to an average of around 5 degrees in
December/January, 3 degrees lower than the figure for London, while Sydney shows
the lowest average temperatures in July, reaching just over 15 degrees.
As far as sunshine duration is concerned, New York and Sydney have relatively similar
averages of 2,535 and 2,473 hours respectively. However, the annually average number
of sunshine hours across London stands at a much lower rate with 1,180 hours per
year.
Writing task 2 : One consequnce of improved medical care is that people are
living longer and life expectancy is increasing. Do you think the advantage would
outweigh the disadvantages.
Band 8,0 checked
In recent times, technological advancements have significantly enhanced various
aspects of human life, particularly in the field of healthcare. Improvements in medical
care have had a profound impact on overall well-being, resulting in longer life
expectancy. While this development brings certain challenges, I firmly believe that the
benefits far outweigh the drawbacks.
One of the key advantages of improved healthcare is the reduction of human
suffering and the extension of healthy, active years. With access to advanced
treatments, vaccines, and medications, many diseases that were once fatal can now
be effectively managed or eradicated. For example, the development of antibiotics
and immunisations has nearly eliminated life-threatening illnesses such as polio
and smallpox. Additionally, elderly individuals now have the opportunity to remain
active and independent for longer, enabling them to contribute meaningfully to
society. Many older adults continue to mentor younger generations, pursue
careers, or engage in community service, which strengthens family bonds and
enriches social life.
However, increased life expectancy is not without its challenges. An ageing
population places a growing strain on public resources, including healthcare
systems and pension schemes. Governments often face difficulties in funding social
welfare programs, particularly when the working-age population is shrinking. For
instance, Japan, a country with one of the highest life expectancies globally, is
experiencing economic pressure due to a declining birth rate and an ageing
workforce. Furthermore, a longer lifespan may result in greater demand for elderly
care, housing, and specialised medical services, potentially leading to
overcrowding and resource shortages in urban areas.
In conclusion, while the rise in life expectancy poses economic and social challenges,
the advantages—such as reduced mortality from fatal diseases and enhanced
quality of life—are far more significant. With strategic planning and a focus on
healthy living, societies can address these challenges effectively. Therefore, I strongly
support the view that the benefits of improved medical care and increased longevity
outweigh the disadvantages.
“ Recent advancements in medical technology have dramatically improved human
lives, especially in healthcare. This has led to increased life expectancy, a development
with both advantages and disadvantages. However, I believe the positive impacts
significantly outweigh the negative consequences.
A primary benefit of improved healthcare is the substantial reduction in human
suffering and the extension of healthy, productive lifespans. Modern treatments,
vaccines, and medications effectively manage or eliminate previously fatal diseases.
The eradication of illnesses like polio and smallpox, thanks to antibiotics and
immunizations, stands as a testament to this progress. Furthermore, the elderly are
now able to maintain active and independent lives for longer periods, contributing
significantly to society. Their continued involvement in mentoring, careers, or
community service strengthens family ties and enriches the social fabric.
Nevertheless, the rise in life expectancy presents considerable challenges. An aging
population strains public resources, particularly healthcare systems and pension
schemes. Governments struggle to adequately fund social welfare programs,
especially with a shrinking working-age population. Japan, a nation with
exceptionally high life expectancy, exemplifies this pressure, facing economic
difficulties due to a declining birth rate and an aging workforce. The increased
demand for elderly care, specialized housing, and medical services further
exacerbates the problem, potentially leading to resource shortages and
overcrowding in urban areas.
In summary, although increased life expectancy presents economic and social
difficulties, the advantages—reduced mortality from previously fatal diseases and
improved quality of life—are considerably more substantial. Proactive planning and
an emphasis on healthy lifestyles can effectively mitigate these challenges. Therefore,
I firmly maintain that the benefits of advanced medical care and extended longevity
surpass the disadvantages.”

Writing task 1: the chart below gives information about Soutland’s main exports
in 2000,*20 and future projection 2025. Summarise the information by selecting
and reporting the main features, and make comparison where relevant.

The given bar graph illustrates the values of Southland’s major exports in international
tourism, dairy products, and meat products for the years 2000, and 2021, and foreseen
estimates for 2025. Overall, international tourism is expected to be the primary export
sector, while meat product exports are expected to decrease over time.
To begin with, in 2000, international tourism generated the highest revenue, crossing 8
billion pounds. Then, this income steadily increased to around 9 billion pounds by
2021 and is seen to reach a peak of 10 billion pounds by the year 2025. Moreover, dairy
product exports experienced a good rise from 7 billion pounds in 2000 to nearly 10
billion pounds in 2021.However, it is predicted that this value will decrease to 8 billion
pounds by 2025.
On the other hand, meat product exports got their revenue of 6 billion pounds in 2000
and saw it decline to 5.5 billion pounds by 2021. Meanwhile, it is expected that this
decline will continue, with the value further dropping to 5 billion pounds by the year
2025.

Writing task 2: In some countries, an increasing number of people are suffering

from health problems as a result of eating too much fast food. It is therefore
necessary for governments to impose a higher tax on this kind of food. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion.
In recent years, the overconsumption of fast food has been linked to rising rates of
obesity, diabetes, and heart disease in many countries. As a response, some argue
that governments should impose higher taxes on fast food to discourage its
consumption. While I agree that such a tax may help reduce public health risks, it
should be part of a broader, more holistic strategy.

On the one hand, implementing a tax on fast food could serve as a deterrent,
especially for consumers who rely on price when making food choices. Just as taxes
on cigarettes and alcohol have been effective in reducing usage, a similar approach
could reduce the frequency with which people purchase unhealthy food. Moreover,
the additional revenue generated could be invested in public health campaigns,
nutritional education, or subsidising healthier food options, thereby creating a
more informed and health-conscious society.

However, relying solely on taxation could disproportionately affect low-income

individuals who often choose fast food for its affordability and convenience.
Without accessible, nutritious alternatives, such a policy might unintentionally
penalise the economically disadvantaged without addressing the root of the
problem. Furthermore, fast food is not the only contributor to poor health;
sedentary lifestyles, lack of education, and poor dietary habits also play significant
roles. Hence, governments should take a more comprehensive approach—
combining taxation with policies that promote exercise, regulate food advertising,
and improve access to healthy meals, especially in underserved communities.

In conclusion, although imposing higher taxes on fast food may help to curb its
overconsumption and improve public health, it should not be seen as a standalone
solution. A multi-pronged strategy that addresses both consumer behaviour and
structural inequalities is essential to effectively tackle diet-related health issues.
Therefore, I partially agree with the idea, provided it is implemented alongside
broader public health reforms.

Writing task 1: The pie charts below show the online shopping sales for retail
sectors in New Zealand, in 2003 and 2013. Summarize the information and
reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The two pie charts illustrate the distribution of online sales across four retail sectors
—travel, film and music, books, and clothes—in New Zealand in 2003 and 2013.
Overall, the charts reveal a clear shift in consumer behavior over the decade. While
travel and clothes experienced a decline in online sales, film and music and books
saw a growth in their market share.
In 2003, travel dominated the online retail sector, accounting for 36% of total sales.
Clothes held the second largest share at 24%, followed by film and music at 21%,
and books at 19%.
By 2013, the film and music sector had risen significantly to become the leading
category, representing 33% of online sales. Books also saw a moderate increase,
rising to 22%. In contrast, travel sales dropped to 29%, though it remained a
significant portion of total sales. The most dramatic decline was in clothes, which fell
to just 16%, making it the least popular category for online purchases by 2013.
These changes suggest a growing consumer preference for digital content, such as
music and films, possibly due to easier and faster online access. Meanwhile, sectors like
clothing may have declined due to sizing issues or the preference for in-person
shopping experiences.
In conclusion, while traditional sectors like travel and clothing lost online market
share over the decade, digital entertainment and books gained traction, reflecting a
shift towards more media-focused online consumption.

Writing task 2: when students did a university, they intended to study in their
own country. Nowadays, they have more opportunity to study abroad. What are
the advantages and disadvantages of this development? You should use your own
ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples
and relevant evidence.
In the past, most students pursued higher education in their home country. However,
with globalization and the expansion of international education programs,
studying abroad has become increasingly accessible. This development brings both
significant benefits and certain drawbacks, which will be explored in this essay.
One of the most compelling advantages of studying abroad is the exposure to
diverse cultures and global perspectives. Immersing oneself in a foreign
environment not only enhances cross-cultural communication skills but also
fosters open-mindedness. For example, international students in countries like
Canada or Australia often report gaining a broader worldview and improved
adaptability—traits that are highly valued in today’s global job market. Additionally,
foreign universities may offer superior academic resources, specialized courses, or
advanced research facilities that are unavailable in students’ home countries.
Another key benefit is the potential for personal growth. Living independently in a
foreign country pushes students out of their comfort zones, encouraging self-
reliance, resilience, and problem-solving. These life skills contribute to both
academic and career success in the long term.
Nevertheless, studying abroad is not without its challenges. One major disadvantage is
the high financial cost, including tuition fees, accommodation, and travel
expenses, which may place a heavy burden on students and their families.
Furthermore, international students can experience homesickness, culture shock, or
even discrimination, which may impact their mental health and academic
performance. Language barriers can also hinder social integration and classroom
participation, particularly in non-English-speaking countries.
Moreover, the brain drain effect cannot be ignored. Talented students who study
abroad may choose to remain in host countries after graduation, leading to a loss of
skilled professionals in their home nations.
In conclusion, the increasing opportunity to study abroad offers students remarkable
academic, personal, and professional advantages. However, the financial,
emotional, and social challenges must be carefully considered. With adequate
support systems and financial planning, the benefits of international education can
far outweigh its drawbacks.

Writing task 1: the map below shows the village of Stokeford in 1930 and in
2010. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.
The given maps illustrate the transformation of the village of Stokeford between 1930
and 2010, highlighting significant structural and residential developments over
the 80-year period.
Overall, Stokeford underwent a major shift from a predominantly agricultural
settlement to a more residential area. The most notable changes include the
disappearance of farmland, an increase in housing, and the expansion of certain
facilities, while a few key structures, such as the post office and bridge, remained
unchanged.
In 1930, a significant portion of Stokeford was occupied by farmland, primarily
located on the eastern side of the village. A small number of houses were scattered
along the main road, accompanied by a post office and a few shops near the
northern end. Additionally, a primary school and a large private residence with an
extensive garden were present. The village was connected by a bridge over the River
Stoke to the west.
By 2010, the village had undergone considerable urban expansion. The farmland
was completely replaced by numerous residential buildings, and the shops had
been removed. The primary school was extended to accommodate a larger student
population. Furthermore, the large private residence was converted into a
retirement home, with additional buildings constructed within the compound.
Despite these significant changes, the bridge and post office remained unaltered,
preserving some aspects of the village's original layout.

Writing task 2: The continued rise in the world’s population is the greatest
problem faced by humanity at the present time. What are the causes of this
continued rise? Do you agree that it is the greatest problem faced by humanity?
Writing task 1: The table below shows the number of universities ranked top
2020 in the world in three subjects in five countries. Summarise the information
by selecting and reporting the main points and make comparisons where
relevant.

The graphic compares the number of universities ranked within the top 200 globally
across three specific disciplines for the US, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada,
based on data from 2011.
What is most striking when looking at the chart is the preeminence of the US, boasting
the highest number of top 200 universities across all three subjects. This contrasts
sharply with New Zealand, whose universities had a minimal presence in these elite
rankings.
Looking first at the US and UK, the former’s dominance was starkly evident, with an
impressive 69 universities ranked among the top 200 for biology, 54 for medicine, and
58 for psychology/ The UK secured a clear second position, yet its figures were
substantially lower, representing approximately half the US numbers in each discipline:
30 institutions for biology, 24 for medicine, and 29 for psychology.
Australia and Canada occupied a middle tier, exhibiting broadly analogous levels of
representation. Both nations feature 9 universities in the top 200 for biology. In
medicine and psychology, Australia held a marginal advantage, with 13 and 17 ranked
institutions respectively, compared to Canada’s 12 and 14.
Finally, only in New Zealand were there fewer than 10 top 200 universities in any of the
surveyed disciplines. Merely 6 New Zealand institutions achieved this ranked in
biology, with even fewer appearing for psychology (4) and medicine (2)

Other sample:
The table presents the number of universities ranked in the top 200 globally in 2011,
categorized by three subjects—Biology, Medicine, and Psychology—in five countries: the
United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.
Overall, the United States has a significant lead in all three subjects, while New Zealand
ranks the lowest in each category. The other countries— the United Kingdom, Australia,
and Canada—have moderate numbers of universities in the top 200, with the United
Kingdom performing relatively well compared to Australia and Canada.
In detail, the United States has the highest number of universities ranked for Biology
(69), Medicine (54), and Psychology (58). The United Kingdom follows, albeit
with substantially lower numbers: 30 universities in Biology, 24 in Medicine, and 29 in
Psychology.
Among the remaining countries, Australia has 9 universities in Biology, 13 in Medicine,
and 17 in Psychology, slightly higher than Canada, which has 9, 12, and 14 universities in
these subjects respectively. New Zealand consistently has the lowest figures, with only
6 universities in Biology, 2 in Medicine, and 4 in Psychology.

The diagram below shows information about the life cycle of a mosquito. Write a
report for a university lecturer describing the information show below.

The diagram illustrates the distinct stages involved in the life cycle of a mosquito,
beginning from the egg stage and culminating in the adult mosquito at rest.
Initially, the female mosquito lays a raft of eggs that float on the surface of the water.
This aquatic phase marks the commencement of the mosquito’s development. The
eggs subsequently hatch into larvae, which possess features such as breathing tubes,
feeding brushes, compound eyes, and anal gills. These structures aid in respiration,
nutrition intake, and mobility in the water.
As the larva matures, it enters the pupal stage, where significant metamorphosis
occurs. The pupa is characterized by the presence of antennae, compound eyes, legs,
and a curved body, and continues to breathe through a tube at the surface. Unlike the
larval stage, the pupa does not feed but undergoes a transformative process inside
the casing.
Eventually, the adult mosquito emerges from the pupa. In its final form, the mosquito
exhibits a full set of functional legs, wings, and mouthparts adapted for feeding,
often on blood. The cycle then recommences, maintaining the species' reproductive
continuity.
In summary, the life cycle of a mosquito involves four key stages: egg, larva, pupa, and
adult, each marked by distinct physiological characteristics and transformations. The
process highlights a classic example of complete metamorphosis in insects.

The diagram below shows information about the life cycle of a stag beetles.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below:
The diagram illustrates the life cycle of the stag beetle (Lucanus cervus), highlighting
the transformation from mating adults to fully developed beetles. The process involves
several distinct stages, spanning over multiple years, and takes place primarily in
decaying wood and underground soil.
The cycle begins at the end of May to early June when male stag beetles actively
search for mates. Males are typically larger than females, a distinction noticeable
during the mating phase, where the male’s prominent mandibles are used in mating
displays or competition.
Once mating occurs, the female lays her eggs in rotting wood and subsequently dies,
marking the end of her life cycle. After approximately three weeks, small, cream-
colored larvae emerge. These larvae are blind and dependent on decaying wood
for nourishment, often feeding for three years or more as they continue to develop.
During this prolonged larval phase, the larvae undergo several molts, shedding their
skin as their head size increases significantly. By the time the larva reaches its first
year, it has molted multiple times and its head becomes noticeably larger.
In the later stages of development, the larva reaches the size of an adult human
thumb, storing large reserves of fat beneath its skin. As summer approaches, it
exits the rotting wood and burrows into the soil, preparing for metamorphosis.
Once underground, the larva enters the pupal stage, where it undergoes a complete
transformation. Finally, in the following summer, a fully developed adult stag beetle
emerges from the pupal case, ready to repeat the cycle.
In summary, the stag beetle’s life cycle is a complex and lengthy process, involving
both larval feeding and metamorphic transformation, with only the adult phase
occurring above ground.
The diagram below shows information about the water cycle.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below:
The image depicts the various stages involved in the natural water cycle. Overall,
the cycle consists of ten distinct phases, beginning with precipitation and culminating
in the reformation of dark clouds. This cyclical process takes place within a natural
environment that includes mountains, rivers, vegetation, and groundwater
systems.

Initially, water descends from the atmosphere as precipitation, falling in the form
of rain. A portion of this water lands on mountainous terrain, from which it cascades
down into rivers that traverse the surrounding landscape. Simultaneously, some of
the precipitation falls directly onto the ground, where it percolates into the
subsurface, becoming part of the groundwater reserves.

The cycle continues as water returns to the atmosphere through two primary
mechanisms. The first is evaporation, in which water from rivers and surface bodies
is converted into vapor by the sun’s heat. The second is transpiration, a process in
which plants absorb groundwater and release moisture into the air through their
leaves.

Once airborne, the water vapor undergoes condensation, forming white clouds.
These clouds gradually accumulate moisture until they become saturated and dense,
eventually forming dark clouds. At this point, the cycle is ready to repeat.

In summary, the water cycle is a self-sustaining natural phenomenon involving

multiple interconnected processes that ensure the continuous movement of water
through various environmental systems.

The diagram below show informatio about the blood circulation. Write a report
for a university lecture describing the information shown below
The diagram illustrates the human circulatory system, highlighting the two main
processes: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. It shows how blood
travels between the heart, lungs, and other parts of the body.
In pulmonary circulation, deoxygenated blood (blue) is pumped from the heart to
the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. In the lungs, it releases carbon dioxide and
absorbs oxygen. The now oxygenated blood (red) flows back to the heart through the
pulmonary veins.
Systemic circulation begins when this oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the heart
through the aorta to the rest of the body. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to organs
such as the liver, digestive system, and both the upper and lower body. After the
oxygen is used up, the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through veins such as
the inferior vena cava, completing the cycle.
Overall, the diagram clearly presents the dual-loop structure of the circulatory
system. The heart plays a vital role in maintaining a continuous flow of blood, ensuring
that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are kept separate for efficient gas exchange
and nutrient delivery throughout the body.

The diagram below shows information about an air conditioner. Write a report
for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
The illustration highlights the main features of an air conditioner and is shown in
cross-section form.
It is divided into two main sections with one half outside the building and the other
half inside. The portion outside consists of a compressor, condenser coils and a fan.
The fan is attached to a fan axle that connects to a blower in the inside portion of the
unit. An expansion valve, a temperature sensing bulb and cooling coils are also in this
second compartment. As hot air from the room enters the air conditioner. The blower
helps to circulate it over the cooling coils. This allows the air to cool and be blown back
into the room. Air from inside the building enters the other part of the unit and results
in hot air being expelled back into the atmosphere. Water condenses from the moisture
in the air and drips from the air conditioner. The temperature of the room is controlled
by the temperature sensing bulb.
Task 1: The charts below give information about children under 18 learning
musical instruments in one region of the UK in 1996 to 2016. Summarize the
information below by selecting and reporting the main feature, and make
comparison where relevant.
The charts illustrate the proportion of children under 18 who were learning musical
instruments in a specific UK region. In 1996 and 2016, as well as their choices of
instruments.
Overall, the data shows a clear increase in the percentage of children learning musical
instrument over the two decades. The piano and keyboard remained the most
prominent instruments in both years, even though their ranks shifted slightly.
In 1996, less than half (44%) of the surveyed children were involved in music
education. The piano was the most popular instrument, chosen by 30% of these young
learners, followed by the keyboard at slightly above 20%. Acoustic guitar and other
less common instruments had minimal participation, each accounting for around 5%.
By 2016, the proportion of children learning instrument had risen significantly to over
three-quarters (76%). The appeal of keyboard saw a substantial rise, with 30% of
students choosing, making it the most preferred instrument that year. Meanwhile,
interest in the piano slightly declined to just under 30%, although it remained highly
favored. The electronic guitar grew in popularity, attracting over 15% of students,
while the figure for violin learners saw a slight decline to around 105.

Writing task 2: some people believe that shops should not be allowed to sell any
food or drink that has scientifically been proven to have bad effects on people’s
health. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Band 8,0 checked

Opinions are divided on whether governments should prohibit shops from selling food
and beverages that have been scientifically proven to harm people’s health. While this
proposal may offer certain benefits, it is my strong belief that it should not be
implemented due to the significant drawbacks involved in such a scheme.

There are theoretical advantages for both individuals and society as a whole if the sale
of unhealthy food and drinks is prohibited. Such a proposal could not only limit the
availability of these products on the market but also highlight their dangers, leading to
a greater likelihood of people making healthier choices, such as fresh fruits, lean meats,
or whole grains. If this were implemented, consumers could easily cultivate healthier
eating habits, thereby alleviating diet-related health issues. This policy could also be
introduced alongside public awareness campaigns about nutrition and health-
conscious lifestyles, particularly among younger generations who are often targeted by
the fast-food industry. These campaigns would inform the youth about the risks of
poor diets and foster their interest in healthy eating, thereby contributing to the well-
being of the population in the long run.

However, in practice, the disadvantages of such a ban are more significant and far-
reaching. Firstly, it could exacerbate unemployment, given that industries related to
fast food and sugary beverages are major employers worldwide. Prohibiting these
businesses would likely result in widespread job losses, adversely affecting the
livelihoods of millions and pushing many below the poverty line, thereby placing an
additional burden on public welfare systems. Another issue is that implementing this
policy would be challenging, requiring substantial financial resources and
governmental efforts. Governments would need to allocate more funds for research,
establish new regulations, and manage potential crises resulting from factory closures.
Consequently, this could lead to significant losses of both financial and human
resources, calling into question the effectiveness of such a proposal.

In conclusion, despite the limited positive impacts this policy could bring, the serious
consequences related to increased unemployment and the burden on both individual
and societal resources are inevitable. It is imperative that the government put forward
alternative solutions to balance the health concerns associated with these products
and the economic benefits that these companies offer.

(Based On Your Ideas)

“ There is considerable debate surrounding the proposition to ban the sale of foods and
beverages scientifically proven to be detrimental to health. While such a ban might offer
some theoretical benefits, I firmly believe that the significant drawbacks outweigh any
potential advantages, rendering it an impractical solution.
Proponents of this ban argue that restricting access to unhealthy food and drink could
encourage healthier choices. Reduced availability might indeed lead consumers towards
options like fresh produce and lean meats. Furthermore, a ban could serve as a powerful
public health message, highlighting the dangers of poor diets. Coupled with targeted
public awareness campaigns, particularly aimed at young people frequently targeted by
the fast-food industry, this could potentially cultivate healthier eating habits and reduce
diet-related illnesses. This approach could contribute to long-term improvements in
public health.
However, the practical challenges and negative consequences of such a ban are
substantial. A primary concern is the potential for widespread job losses across the fast-
food and beverage industries, sectors that employ millions globally. The resulting
unemployment could have devastating socioeconomic consequences, pushing many into
poverty and increasing the burden on social welfare systems. Moreover, implementing
and enforcing such a ban would be incredibly complex and costly. Governments would
require significant financial resources to fund research, develop new regulations, and
manage the inevitable disruption caused by business closures. These substantial financial
and administrative burdens would likely outweigh any potential health benefits.
In addition to the economic ramifications, the practicalities of defining and enforcing
such a ban present significant hurdles. Establishing clear scientific criteria for what
constitutes an "unhealthy" product would be challenging and potentially contentious.
Furthermore, enforcing a nationwide ban would require extensive regulatory oversight
and potentially lead to a flourishing black market for banned items. These factors further
undermine the feasibility of such a policy.
In conclusion, while the theoretical benefits of banning unhealthy food and drink are
appealing, the significant economic and practical challenges are insurmountable. The
potential for mass unemployment and the strain on public resources far outweigh the
potential positive impact on public health. Alternative strategies focusing on education,
taxation, and improved labelling are far more realistic and effective approaches to
addressing the issue of unhealthy diets.”
Task 2: Nowadays, animal experiments are widely used to develop new
medicines and to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that these
experiments should be banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to
suffer, while others are in favour of them because of their benefits to humanity.
Discuss both views and give your own opinions.
Band 8.0 checked
There is no denying that medicines and other products have long been tested on
animals before being approved for human use. Opinions are divided on whether the
use of animals as experimental specimens should be strictly prohibited. This essay will
delve into both the merits and drawbacks of animal testing and present my own
perspective.
On the one hand, there are plausible arguments against animal experimentation. A
case in point is laboratory chimpanzees, which are genetically similar to human beings.
They may be deliberately infected with illnesses commonly found in humans so that
the effectiveness of new drugs can be accurately assessed. Opponents of such cruel, if
not inhumane, practices argue that humans are not entitled to subject animals to this
kind of trauma, and that the lives of all creatures should be equally respected.
Moreover, animal rights activists strongly contend that the benefits to humans do not
justify the suffering caused, and that scientists should adopt alternative research
methods before these medicines are mass-produced.
“ Arguments against animal experimentation are compelling. The genetic similarity
between chimpanzees and humans, for instance, means they are often used in disease
research, involving deliberate infection. Opponents rightly highlight the inherent cruelty
of such practices, asserting that all life deserves respect and that inflicting suffering on
animals for human gain is morally unacceptable. Furthermore, the claim that the
benefits outweigh the suffering is frequently challenged. Animal rights advocates
persistently argue for the exploration and implementation of alternative research
methods before resorting to animal testing, especially given the potential for developing
effective alternatives.”
Conversely, despite these ethical concerns, proponents of using animals for research
purposes argue that such practices are of great importance to the development of
medical science. One compelling reason is that some species of animals have been
scientifically proven to be naturally immune to certain diseases. In many cases, animal
testing provides the only viable method of observing how a living organism responds
to new treatments before human trials can safely begin. Furthermore, in many
countries, strict regulations and ethical guidelines are in place to ensure the humane
treatment of laboratory animals. These include requirements to minimize suffering,
use the smallest number of animals necessary, and apply alternatives whenever
possible. Personally, I support banning animal testing for non-medical products, but I
believe it may be a necessary evil in the context of drug development and life-saving
procedures.
“ Conversely, proponents of animal testing emphasize its crucial role in advancing
medical science. Certain animal species possess natural immunity to specific diseases,
making them invaluable in studying disease mechanisms and treatment efficacy. In many
instances, animal models provide the only feasible way to observe the effects of new
treatments before human trials, ensuring patient safety. Moreover, stringent regulations
and ethical guidelines govern animal experimentation in many countries, aiming to
minimize suffering through measures such as limiting the number of animals used and
prioritizing alternative methods. These regulations, however, are not universally
enforced or consistently effective”
“ Personally, I believe a nuanced approach is necessary. While I strongly advocate for a
complete ban on animal testing for non-medical products, the use of animals in the
development of life-saving medicines presents a more complex dilemma. The potential to
alleviate human suffering and improve lives through medical breakthroughs must be
weighed against the ethical concerns. However, a commitment to continuous
improvement in research methodologies and a relentless pursuit of alternative testing
methods are crucial. The ultimate goal should be to minimize animal suffering while
maximizing the potential for medical advancements.”
All things considered, while the use of animals in research raises valid ethical concerns,
it remains a critical step in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of new medical
treatments. Until alternative methods can fully replace animal models, their use
remains an essential component of scientific progress.
Improved version band 8.5
“ There is no denying that medicines and other products have long been tested on
animals before being deemed safe for human consumption. Opinions remain polarized
over whether the use of animals as test subjects should be categorically banned. This
essay will examine both sides of the debate and offer a reasoned conclusion.
On the one hand, there are compelling ethical arguments against animal
experimentation. For instance, laboratory chimpanzees, which are genetically
analogous to humans, are often deliberately infected with diseases so that researchers
can assess the efficacy of new treatments. Critics argue that such practices are morally
indefensible, asserting that humans have no right to inflict suffering on other sentient
beings. They contend that the intrinsic value of animal life must be acknowledged and
that all creatures deserve to be treated with dignity and compassion. Moreover,
animal welfare advocates maintain that the benefits to humans cannot morally
outweigh the physical and psychological torment experienced by test animals. They also
urge scientists to embrace cutting-edge alternatives, such as organ-on-chip technology
or advanced computer simulations, prior to the mass production of pharmaceutical
products.
On the other hand, supporters of animal testing argue that it plays an indispensable
role in the advancement of medical science. Some animal species possess unique
biological characteristics that are crucial for studying human diseases and developing
life-saving treatments. For example, certain rodents are naturally predisposed to
developing specific cancers, making them ideal models for oncology research.
Furthermore, animal testing provides a controlled environment for assessing drug
safety, significantly reducing the risks associated with early human trials. In addition,
most developed countries enforce stringent regulations that aim to mitigate animal
suffering by promoting the principles of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement.
Personally, I support the prohibition of animal testing for cosmetics and other non-
essential products, but I believe it remains a necessary evil in the context of medical
research where human lives are at stake.
In conclusion, although the use of animals in scientific experiments raises valid moral
concerns, it continues to be a vital component of medical progress. Until alternative
methodologies become sufficiently sophisticated and reliable, animal models are likely
to remain a cornerstone of biomedical research. “
Task2 : Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the
key to reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures
would be more efficient to improve the road safety. Discuss both views and give
your own opinions.
Band 8.0 checked
The proposal to impose strict punishments on those who violate road safety
regulations has sparked a dispute that merits careful deliberation. Some contend
that alternative initiatives should be implemented to improve the situation. In my
view, both punishments and a range of other measures can be applied together to
promote better driving habits.
On the one hand, strict punishments can certainly help encourage people to drive
more safely. Penalties for dangerous drivers can act as a deterrent, meaning that
people are less likely to repeat the same offence. Driving penalties come in different
forms, such as small fines, license suspensions, driver awareness courses, and even
prison sentences. The purpose of such punishments is to educate citizens that
careless driving behaviors may lead to serious consequences. A case in point is the
new traffic law in Vietnam, which focuses on imposing higher fines on traffic
violators. This initiative has reportedly had a positive impact, as driving offences in
Vietnam have shown a downward trend since the new regulation took effect.
On the other hand, opponents argue that focusing solely on punishment overlooks
other critical factors that cause accidents. Road conditions, lack of proper signage,
and inadequate driver education also play significant roles. Improving road
infrastructure, investing in public transport, and conducting awareness
campaigns can tackle the root causes of unsafe driving. For instance, in Sweden, the
implementation of the "Vision Zero" policy, which focuses on road design and
public education rather than punishment, has led to a dramatic reduction in traffic-
related fatalities. This suggests that preventative strategies can be equally, if not
more, effective than punitive measures.
In my opinion, while strict punishments are necessary to maintain discipline, they
should be part of a broader, more holistic strategy. Combining legal enforcement
with education, road improvements, and technology—such as speed cameras and
automatic braking systems—can create a safer driving environment. Relying
solely on punishment may offer short-term benefits, but sustainable road safety
requires addressing multiple contributing factors.
In conclusion, although strict penalties can deter dangerous driving to some extent,
a comprehensive approach that includes education, infrastructure development,
and modern technology is likely to be more effective in ensuring long-term road
safety.
other band 9
“ The debate surrounding the effectiveness of strict punishments for driving offenses in
reducing traffic accidents is multifaceted and warrants careful consideration. While
some advocate for stringent penalties as the primary solution, others argue that a
broader approach encompassing various measures would yield more significant
improvements in road safety. I believe that a combination of both strict punishments
and supplementary initiatives offers the most effective strategy for fostering safer driving
habits.

Proponents of strict punishments argue that they serve as a powerful deterrent against
reckless driving. Severe penalties, ranging from hefty fines and license suspensions to
driver retraining courses and even imprisonment, can significantly discourage unsafe
behaviors. The severity of the consequences aims to educate drivers about the potential
ramifications of their actions. The recent implementation of increased fines for traffic
violations in Vietnam, for example, has reportedly led to a decrease in reported offenses,
suggesting a positive correlation between stricter enforcement and improved road
safety.

Conversely, critics contend that a focus solely on punishment ignores other crucial
factors contributing to accidents. Poor road conditions, inadequate signage, and
insufficient driver education all play significant roles. Addressing these underlying issues
through infrastructure improvements, investment in public transportation, and
comprehensive driver awareness campaigns can proactively reduce accident rates.
Sweden's "Vision Zero" initiative, prioritizing road design and public education over
punitive measures, has demonstrably reduced traffic fatalities, highlighting the potential
of preventative strategies.

In my view, while strict penalties are a necessary component of maintaining road

discipline, they should not be the sole focus. A comprehensive approach is required,
integrating robust legal enforcement with enhanced driver education, improved road
infrastructure, and the incorporation of advanced technologies such as speed cameras
and automatic braking systems. While punishment might offer short-term gains, a
sustainable reduction in accidents necessitates a multi-pronged strategy that tackles the
problem from multiple angles.
In conclusion, although strict punishments can deter some unsafe driving behaviors, a
holistic approach combining stringent enforcement with preventative measures,
including educational initiatives and infrastructural improvements, is ultimately more
effective in achieving lasting improvements in road safety. A balanced strategy that
addresses both the consequences of unsafe driving and its root causes is essential for
creating a safer driving environment for all. “

Task 2: some people think that in the modern world we are more independent
on each other, while others think that people have become more independent.
Discuss both views and give your own opinions.

Band 8.5 checked

In today's rapidly evolving world, the nature of human relationships and

interdependence has become a topic of considerable debate. While some argue that
modern society has made individuals more reliant on one another, others believe that
technological advancement and changing lifestyles have fostered greater
independence. This essay will explore both perspectives before presenting a personal
viewpoint.

On the one hand, it can be argued that people are more dependent on each other than
ever before. Modern economies and societies are highly interconnected, with
individuals relying on a vast network of services and systems. For example, people
depend on delivery drivers, healthcare professionals, software engineers, and farmers
to meet their daily needs. The COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted this
interdependence, as society’s functioning relied heavily on essential workers and
digital communication tools. Additionally, globalization has deepened our reliance on
international cooperation for goods, services, and information. From this angle,
modern life cannot be sustained without a high degree of collaboration and mutual
support.

On the other hand, many people contend that modern advancements have increased
individual independence. Technology, particularly the internet and mobile devices,
allows people to access information, work remotely, and manage various aspects of life
without needing constant assistance from others. For instance, online learning
platforms and digital banking enable people to educate themselves or handle financial
matters independently. Moreover, modern lifestyles, especially in urban settings, tend
to promote self-reliance as individuals often live away from extended families and
manage their personal affairs autonomously. This shift reflects a growing sense of
individual empowerment and control over one's life.

In my opinion, both trends exist simultaneously, but modern society leans more
toward interdependence. While individuals may appear more self-sufficient due to
technology, that very technology is built and maintained through complex cooperation
among countless people. True independence is often an illusion, as our daily routines
are supported by invisible systems and networks. Therefore, although personal
autonomy has increased in some respects, our fundamental reliance on others has not
diminished—in fact, it has grown.

In conclusion, while some believe that people have become more independent in
modern times, others argue that we are increasingly reliant on each other. Ultimately,
despite advances that promote personal autonomy, the complex, interconnected
nature of contemporary life suggests that human interdependence has, in many ways,
deepened.

Task 2: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship
between equality and personal achievement. Some people believe that
individuals can achieve more in egalitarian societies. Others believe that high
levels of personal achievement are possible only if individuals are free to suceed
or fail according to their individual merits. What is your view of the relationship
between equality and personal success?

The relationship between equality and personal achievement has sparked

increasing debate in recent years. While some argue that an egalitarian society
provides the best conditions for individual success, others believe that true excellence
can only emerge in systems where people are allowed to thrive—or fail—based on
individual merit. In my view, a balanced approach that ensures equal opportunities
while rewarding effort and talent is the most effective in fostering personal
achievement.

On the one hand, proponents of egalitarian societies claim that equal access to
education, healthcare, and employment enables individuals from all backgrounds to
succeed. In such systems, barriers related to social class, gender, or race are
minimized, allowing talent to surface more freely. For example, countries with strong
welfare systems, such as the Nordic nations, often report high levels of educational
attainment and social mobility, indicating that fairness in opportunity does not
hinder, but rather enhances, personal success. From this perspective, equality is not
the enemy of achievement but its foundation.

On the other hand, critics argue that excessive focus on equality can lead to
mediocrity by discouraging competition and limiting incentives for hard work. In
societies where outcomes are heavily equalized, high achievers may feel
disincentivized, knowing that their extra effort will not be proportionately
rewarded. This view emphasizes the importance of a meritocratic system, where
individuals rise or fall based on their own capabilities, ambition, and perseverance.
For instance, in highly competitive environments such as Silicon Valley, innovation and
personal success are often attributed to the freedom to take risks and reap the
rewards without systemic constraints.

In my opinion, personal achievement flourishes best in societies that strike a delicate

balance between fairness and freedom. Equality of opportunity should be guaranteed
so that everyone has a fair start in life, but there should also be mechanisms in place
to reward excellence, innovation, and persistence. A society that values both fairness
and merit not only promotes social cohesion but also inspires individuals to reach
their full potential.

In conclusion, while equality creates the necessary conditions for inclusive growth,
personal achievement ultimately depends on how well a society can support both
opportunity and reward. A hybrid system that blends egalitarian principles with
merit-based recognition is, in my view, the most conducive to true individual
success.

Writing task 2: Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be

enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Band 8.0 checked

Hobbies are often seen as essential to a balanced and fulfilling life, offering individuals
a break from routine and pursue personal interests. Opinions are divided on whether
hobbies must be challenging to be truly enjoyable. While I understand the appeal of
engaging in complex or challenging activities, I strongly believe that enjoyment of a
hobby is subjective and not necessarily linked to the level of difficulties.

On the one hand, there is no denying that immersing in challenging activities can offer
a sense of satisfaction. Activities such as learning musical instruments, mountain
climbing, mastering a foreign language often require time, dedication, and effort. The
process of overcoming such obstacles and making progress gradually in these pursuits
can provide a sense of accomplishment. For many people, this challenge adds meaning
and depth to their leisure time. In fact, some argue that it is precisely the difficulty of a
hobby that makes it rewarding, as it pushes individuals out of their comfort zones and
allows them to grow mentally or physically.

On the other hand, not all enjoyable hobbies are meant to be complex and challenging.
Many people find pleasure in simple and inexpensive activities such as reading books,
gardening, swimmimg. These hobbies may not involve a steep learning curve or
intense effort, but they still provide emotional satisfaction, stress relief, and a sense of
well-being. The main purpose of a hobby is to bring joy and relaxation, and for some,
the idea of struggling through something complex would actually reduce the
pleasure.Therefore, sense of satisfaction can be gained through trivial things.
Enjoyment is a highly personal experience, and what feels fulfilling to one person may
feel burdensome to another.

In my opinion, the notion that difficulty is a requirement for enjoyment is too narrow.
People are motivated by different things, and hobbies should reflect individual
preferences rather than a universal standard. While challenging hobbies can be
enriching and empowering, simple ones can be just as meaningful. What matters most
is that a hobby brings joy, regardless of how demanding it is.
All things considered, although difficult hobbies can offer a great sense of satisfaction, I
disagree with the idea that they must be challenging to be enjoyable. The enjoyment of
a hobby depends on personal taste and purpose, and both complex and simple
activities can provide meaningful leisure experiences.

Other sample

“ Hobbies are widely considered crucial for a balanced and fulfilling life, providing
respite from daily routines and opportunities to pursue personal interests. Whether
hobbies must be challenging to be enjoyable, however, is a matter of ongoing debate.
While the appeal of complex activities is undeniable, I firmly believe that enjoyment is
subjective and not inherently linked to difficulty.

Undeniably, engaging in challenging pursuits can yield significant satisfaction. Learning

a musical instrument, mastering a foreign language, or conquering a mountain peak all
demand considerable time, dedication, and effort. The gradual progress made while
overcoming obstacles in these endeavors fosters a profound sense of accomplishment.
Many find that this inherent challenge adds depth and meaning to their leisure time.
Indeed, some argue that the very difficulty of a hobby is what makes it rewarding,
pushing individuals beyond their comfort zones and promoting both mental and physical
growth.

Conversely, numerous enjoyable hobbies require neither complexity nor strenuous effort.
The simple pleasures of reading, gardening, or swimming, for instance, offer emotional
fulfillment, stress relief, and a sense of well-being without demanding a steep learning
curve or intense exertion. The primary purpose of a hobby is to bring joy and relaxation;
for some, the prospect of struggling with a complex activity would actually detract from
this pleasure. Consequently, satisfaction can be derived from even the most seemingly
trivial pursuits. Ultimately, enjoyment is a deeply personal experience; what one person
finds fulfilling, another may find burdensome.

In my view, the assertion that difficulty is essential for enjoyment is overly simplistic.
Individuals are motivated by diverse factors, and hobbies should reflect personal
preferences rather than adhere to a universal standard. While challenging hobbies can
be enriching and empowering, simpler ones can be equally meaningful. The crucial factor
is that a hobby brings joy, irrespective of its level of demand.

In conclusion, although challenging hobbies offer a unique sense of accomplishment, I

disagree that difficulty is a prerequisite for enjoyment. The enjoyment derived from a
hobby depends entirely on individual taste and objectives; both complex and simple
activities can provide equally valuable and fulfilling leisure experiences.”
Writing task 1: the chart below show the results of a questionaire that asked
visitors to the Parkway Hotel how they rated the hotel’s customer service. The
same questionnaire was given to 100 guests in the years 2005 and 2010.

Band 7.5+

The two pie charts compare visitors’ response to a survey service at the Parkway Hotel
in 2005 and in 2010.

It is clear that overall customer satisfaction increased considerably from 2005 to 2010.
While most hotel guests rated customer service satisfactory or poor in 2005, a clear
majority described the hotel’s service as good or excellent in 2010.

Looking at the positive response first, in 2005, only 5% of the hotel’s visitors rated its
customer service as excellent, but this figure rose to 28% in 2010. Furthermore, while
only 14% of guests described customers service in the hotel as good in 2005, almost
three times as many peopl gave this rating five year later.

With regard to negative feedback, the proportion of guests who considered the hotel’s
customer service to be poor fell from 21% in 2005 to only 12% in 2010. Similarily, the
proportion of people who thought customer service was very good dropped from 15%
to only 4% over the 5-year period. Finally, a fall in the number of satisfactory’ ratings
in 2010 reflects the fact that more people gave positive response to the survey in that
year.

Band 9
“ The two pie charts illustrate guests’ opinions on the customer service of a hotel in 2005
and 2010, based on five levels of satisfaction.
Overall, customer satisfaction improved significantly over the five-year period. While the
majority of guests in 2005 gave neutral or negative ratings, by 2010, most feedback was
positive, with notable increases in “good” and “excellent” responses.

In 2005, only a small proportion of guests (5%) rated the hotel’s customer service as
excellent. This figure rose dramatically to 28% in 2010. Similarly, the percentage of
guests who considered the service to be good more than doubled, rising from 14% to
39%, making it the most common rating in 2010.

In contrast, ratings in the “satisfactory” category fell significantly from 39% in 2005 to
17% in 2010. This suggests that more guests were inclined to express a clearly positive or
negative opinion in the later year. Negative feedback also declined: the proportion of
people rating service as poor dropped from 21% to 12%, while “very poor” responses saw
a marked decrease from 15% to just 4%.

In conclusion, the data shows a clear trend toward improved customer perceptions, with
a sharp rise in favorable ratings and a corresponding decline in dissatisfaction over the
five-year period. “

Task 1: The two maps below show a housing estate now, and how it will look
after redevelopment.Provide an overview of the information by identifying and
describing the key details, and include comparisons where appropriate.

The two maps illustrate the current layout of a housing estate and the planned
redevelopment of the same area.

Overall, the area is planned to undergo major structural and functional changes, with a
shift in housing types, road layout, and the addition of new recreational and communal
facilities at the expense of some greenery.
At present, the housing estate consists mainly of large four-bedroom houses, most of
which are evenly distributed on both sides of a private road that loops through the
centre of the estate. The area is also surrounded by numerous trees, providing a
natural setting.

After redevelopment, the number of houses will be reduced and replaced by smaller
homes ranging from one to three bedrooms. The existing private road will be
restructured to include a straight path running through the front section of the estate.
A lake will be located on one side of this path, while a tennis court will be added on the
other. The central area will feature a flower garden, enclosed by a newly shaped
loop of private road, and a large parking area will be introduced at the rear of the
property. These developments will also lead to the removal of many existing trees.

Task 1: The diagrams below show the site of the school in 2004 and the plan for
change to the school site in 2024.

The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in the year 2014 with the
proposed site design for the year 2024.

It is clear that the main change for 2024 involves the addition of a new school building.
The school will then be able to accommodate a considerably larger number of
students.

In 2004, there were 600 pupils attending the school, and the two school buildings were
separated by a path running from the main entrance to the sport field. By 2024, it is
expected that there will be 1000 pupils, and the third building will have been
constructed. Furthermore, the plan is to join the two original building together,
creating a shorter path that links the buildings only.

As third building and a second car park will be built on the site of the original sports
field, a new, smaller sports field will need to be laid. A new road will also be built from
the main entrance to the second car park. Finally, no changes will be made to the main
entrance and original car park.

Task 1: The pie charts below compare water usage in San Diego, California and
the rest of the world.

The pie charts provide information about the water used for residential, industrial and
agricultural purposes in San Diego County, California, and the world as a whole.

It is noticeable that more water is consumed by homes than by industry or agriculture

in the tow American regions. By contrast, agriculture accounts for the vast majority of
water used worldwide.

In San Diego County and California State, residential water consumption accounts for
60% and 36% of the total water usage. By contrast, a mere 8% of the water used
globally goes to homes. The opposite can be seen when we look at water consumption
for agriculture. This accounts for a massive 69% of global water use, but only 17% and
28% of water usage in San Diego and California respectively.

Such dramatic differences are not seen when we compare the figures for industrial
water use. The same proportion of water (23%) is used by industry in San Diego and
worldwide, while the figure for California is 10% higher, at 33%.

Task 2: It is sometimes said that people should be encouraged to get married

before they are 30 as this is best both for the individual and for the society. Do
you agree or disagree?

Band 8,0 checked

Marriage is one of the most significant milestones that merit careful consideration.
Opinions are divided on whether getting married by the age of 30 is beneficial for both
individual and society. While there are undeniable advantages of early marriage, I
largely disagree with the idea that it should be promoted as an ideal for everyone.

On the one hand, proponents of marrying before 30 often point to biological and
social advantages. From a biological standpoint, younger individuals may find it
easier to conceive and raise children, as they are generally healthier and more
energetic. Moreover, early marriage might contribute to greater social cohesion, with
individuals settling down and becoming more family-oriented at a younger age. Some
also argue that early commitment can reduce social issues such as promiscuity,
loneliness, or unstable relationships.

However, these perceived benefits often overlook critical factors. In today’s world,
many young people in their twenties are focused on pursuing higher education,
building careers, and achieving financial independence. Imposing social
expectations to marry early can lead to premature decisions, often resulting in
marital dissatisfaction or even divorce. The pressure to marry before reaching a
certain age may also cause individuals to prioritise relationship status over
compatibility, leading to long-term emotional strain.

Furthermore, the notion that early marriage is universally beneficial fails to account
for diverse personal circumstances and cultural contexts. In modern, urban
societies, people often prefer to establish themselves professionally and emotionally
before committing to lifelong partnerships. Encouraging early marriage may
inadvertently undermine individual autonomy and reinforce outdated norms about
adulthood and success.

In conclusion, while marrying before the age of 30 may offer some advantages in
specific cases, it should not be considered a universal ideal. People should be free to
marry when they feel emotionally mature, financially stable, and personally ready.
Thus, I firmly believe that encouraging early marriage is neither practical nor
beneficial for most individuals or society at large.

Band 8.5 +

“ Marriage is a significant life event demanding careful consideration. The assertion that
marrying before 30 benefits both individuals and society is a contentious one. While early
marriage presents certain advantages, I disagree that it should be universally promoted.

Arguments in favor of marrying before 30 often center on biological and social factors.
Biologically, younger individuals may experience greater reproductive success due to
increased fertility and energy levels. Socially, early marriage can foster stronger
community bonds, leading to more stable family units and potentially reducing social
issues such as loneliness or unstable relationships. Proponents suggest that early
commitment promotes a more settled and family-oriented lifestyle.

However, these benefits are often presented without acknowledging crucial

counterarguments. Many young adults in their twenties prioritize education, career
development, and financial security. Pressuring them into early marriage can lead to
rushed decisions, potentially resulting in marital dissatisfaction and divorce.
Furthermore, prioritizing marriage over compatibility based solely on age can create
long-term emotional distress within the relationship.
Moreover, the idea that early marriage is universally beneficial ignores diverse personal
circumstances and cultural contexts. In contemporary urban societies, many individuals
prioritize professional and emotional stability before committing to a long-term
partnership. Promoting early marriage may, therefore, undermine personal autonomy
and perpetuate outdated societal norms regarding adulthood and success. The emphasis
should be on individual readiness rather than adhering to arbitrary age limits.

In conclusion, although early marriage might offer advantages in specific situations, it is

not a universally applicable ideal. Individuals should be free to marry when they feel
emotionally mature, financially secure, and personally prepared for the commitment.
Encouraging early marriage is, therefore, neither practical nor beneficial for the
majority of individuals or society as a whole.”

Task 2: Some people get into debt by buying things that don’t need and can’t
afford. What are the reasons for this behaviour. What action can be taken to
prevent people from having this problems?

In today’s consumer-driven society, it is increasingly common for individuals to fall

into debt by purchasing non-essential items they cannot afford. This phenomenon is
driven by a range of psychological, social, and economic factors, and tackling it
requires both individual awareness and broader systemic changes.

One of the main reasons behind this behaviour is the pervasive influence of
consumer culture. Advertising and social media often create a false sense of need,
persuading people to equate material possessions with status, success, and
happiness. This pressure can lead individuals to make impulsive purchases, even
when doing so places them in financial jeopardy. Furthermore, the widespread
availability of credit cards and easy financing options allows consumers to spend
money they do not actually have, making it easier to ignore the long-term
consequences of debt.

Another contributing factor is a lack of financial education. Many people are not
taught how to manage money, create budgets, or understand interest rates and loans.
As a result, they may not realise how quickly small debts can accumulate into
unmanageable financial burdens. Peer pressure, especially among younger
individuals, can also lead to overspending as they try to maintain a certain image or
lifestyle.

To address this issue, several proactive measures can be implemented. First and
foremost, financial literacy should be taught from an early age in schools.
Understanding basic budgeting, saving, and the risks of debt would empower people to
make more informed financial decisions. Governments could also regulate
advertising, particularly those that promote buy-now-pay-later schemes, which often
target vulnerable consumers.
Additionally, financial institutions should take more responsibility by assessing a
consumer’s repayment capacity before offering credit. Offering financial counselling
services and creating awareness campaigns about the risks of excessive borrowing
could also help individuals become more cautious about their spending habits.

In conclusion, overspending on unaffordable and unnecessary items is a multifaceted

problem rooted in societal values and personal financial ignorance. A combination of
education, regulation, and responsible lending practices is essential to prevent
individuals from falling into debt and to promote a more sustainable approach to
consumption.

Task 1: The chart below shows the amount of time that 10 to 15 year olds spend
chatting on the Internet and playing on games consoles on an average school day
in the UK.

The bar charts compares the time spent by 10 to 15 year olds in the UK on two
activities namely chatting online and playing computer games.
Overall, we can see that playing video games is marginally more popular than chatting
on the internet. However, completely different trends can be seen if we look at the
specific figures for boys and girls.
Boys aged between 10 and 15 clearly favour playing on games consoles over chatting
online. According to the chart, while 85% of boys play computer games every day, onlu
55% chat onlin daily. Furthermore, the majority of boys play on their consoles for
more than one hour each day, and 10% do this activity for 4 hours or more.
By contrast, girls prefer chatting online. Close to 70% of 10 to 15 year old girls engage
in online conversation each day, compared to about 50% of this cohort who play
computer games. Of the girls who do play on consoles, most of them play for less than
an hour, whereas most girls who chat online do so for more than one hour, nearly 10%
chat for four hours or more.

Band 9

“ The given bar chart compares the time spent by 10 to 15-year-olds in the UK on two
activities: chatting online and playing on game consoles during an average school day.
Overall, playing video games appears to be more popular than online chatting.
However, boys and girls show distinct preferences, with boys spending significantly more
time gaming, while girls are more engaged in online conversations.
Boys clearly prefer playing video games over chatting online. Approximately 85% of
boys play on consoles, whereas only around 55% engage in online conversations.
Moreover, among those who play games, about 55% do so for more than one hour, and
nearly 10% play for over four hours.
On the other hand, girls are more inclined towards online chatting, with nearly 70%
participating in this activity. While around 38% of girls spend less than an hour gaming,
43% chat online for more than an hour, and about 10% chat for over four hours.”

Task 1: The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who
used the internet between 1999 and 2009.

The line graph provides a comparison of the percentage of Internet users in three
different countries from 1999 to 2009.
It is clear that the proportion who used the internet increased in each country over the
period show. Overall, a much larger percentage of Canadians and Americans had
access to the Internet in comparison with Mexicans, and Canada experienced the
fastest growth in Internet usage.
In 1999, the proportion of people using the Internet in USA was about 20% . The
figures for Canada and Mexico were lower, at about 10% and 5% respectively. In 2005,
internet usage in both the USA and and Canada rose to around 70% of the population,
while the figure for Mexico reached just over 25%.
By 2009, the percentage of Internet users was highest in Canada. Almost 100% of
Canadians used the internet, compared to about 80% of Americans and only 40% of
Mexicans.
Task 1:The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four
European countries. Write a report to a university lecturer and describing the
information in the chart below.

The bar chart compares consumer spending on six different items in Germany, Italy,
France and Britain.
It is clear that British people spent significantly more money than people in the other
three countries on all six goods. Of the six items, consumers spent the most money on
photographic film.
People in Britain spent just over $170,000 on photographic film, which is the highest
figure shown on the chart. By contrast, Germans were the lowest overall spenders,
with roughly the same figures (just under 150,000) for each of the six products.
The figures for spending on toys were the same in both France and Italy, at nearly
160,00. However, while French people spent more than Italians photographic film and
CDs, Italians paid out more for personal stereos, tennis racquets, and perfumes. The
amount spent by French people on tennis racquets, round 145,000, is the lowest figure
shown on the chart.
Task 1: the diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous
movement of water on above and below the surface of the Earth.
The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land during
the natural process known as the water cycle.
Three main stages are involved in the diagram. Oceans water evaporates, falls as rain,
and eventually run back into the oceans again.
Beginning at the evaporation stage, it can be seen that 80% of water vapor in the air
comes from the oceans. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate, and water vapor
condenses to form dark clouds. At the second stage, labelled “precipitation” on the
diagram, water pours down as rain or falls as snow.
At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various path. Some of it may fall into
lakes or return to the oceans via “surface runoff”. Otherwise, rainwater may seep
through the ground, reaching the impervious layer of the earth. Salt water intrusion is
shown to take place just before groundwater passes into the oceans to complete the
cycle.
Task 1: the diagram below shows some principles of house for cool and hot
climate.

Band 7+

The diagrams show how house designs differ according to climate.

The most noticeable dissimilarity between house design for cool and warm lies in the
shape of the roof. The designs also vary with regard to the windows and the use of
insulation.
It can be seen that the cool climate house has a high-angled roof, which allows sunlight
to enter directly through the windows. By contrast, the roof of warm climate house has
a peak located in the middle and roof overhangs to shade the windows. Insulation and
thermal building materials are used in cool climates to reduce heat loss, whereas
insulation and reflective materials are used to keep the heat out in warm climates.
Finally, the cool climate house has one window which faces the direction of the sun,
while warm climate house has two windows on two sides which are shaded from the
sun. By opening the two windows at night, the house designed for warm climates can
be ventilated to balance the temperature inside the house.
Band 8+

The diagrams illustrate how architectural designs of houses vary depending on

whether the climate is cool or warm.

Overall, the most significant differences relate to the roof structure, window
placement, and the use of insulation and materials. Houses in cool climates are
designed to maximize heat retention, while those in warm climates focus on
minimizing heat gain and promoting natural ventilation.

In cool climates, the house features a steeply sloped roof which allows maximum
sunlight penetration through the window. This window is positioned to face the sun,
helping to absorb passive solar heat. The building also uses insulating materials in
the walls and roof to prevent heat loss, and thermal mass is incorporated to store
warmth.

In contrast, the house designed for warm climates has a low-pitched roof with wide
roof overhangs that shade the windows and reduce direct sunlight exposure. The walls
and roof are insulated with reflective materials to repel heat. During the day, windows
are kept closed and shaded, while at night, they are opened on both sides to allow cross
ventilation, which helps to cool the interior naturally.

Task 1: the diagram below are existing and proposed floor plans for the
development of an art gallery.
The first picture depicts the layout of an existing art gallery, and the second shows
some proposed changes to the gallery space.

It is clear that significant changes will be made in terms of the use of floor space in the
gallery. There will be a completely new entrance and more space for exhibitions.

At present, visitors enter the gallery through doors which lead into a lobby. However,
the plan is to move the entrance to the Parkinson Cout side of the building, and visitors
will walk straight into the exhibition area. In place of the lobby and office areas, which
are shown on the existing plan, the new gallery plan shows an education area and a
small storage area.

The permanent exhibition space in the redeveloped gallery will be about twice as large
as it is now because it will occupy the area that is now used for temporary exhibitions.
There will also b a new room for special exhibitions. This room is shown in red on the
exisiting plan and is not currently part of the gallery.

Task 1: the pie charts below show the average household expenditure in Japan
and in Malaysia in the year 2010.

The charts illustrate the proportion of spending on goods and other services of
households in two different countries in 2010.
Overall, it is clear that people in both countries spent the largest proportion of their
income on housing and food while healthcare was the service that people spent the
lowest amount of money on.
The proportion of income spent on housing in Malaysia was highest in Malaysia, which
accounted for 34%, while family in Japan allocated just about 21% of their budget for
this. In term of food, the figures for both nations were similar, at 24% and 27% in Japan
and Malaysia, respectively.
Regarding the remaining categories, transport occupied for a fifth of total expenditure
in Japan, which was twice as much as the figure for Malaysia. Healthcare was the
lowest expense in the two countries while the percentage spent on others goods and
services were quite significant, at over a quarter in the two nations.

Band 8:
The pie charts compare household expenditure on five categories in Japan and
Malaysia in 2010.
Overall, both countries spent the largest portions of their household budgets on
housing and food, while health care accounted for the smallest share of spending in
both cases.
In Malaysia, housing took up the highest proportion at 34%, which was significantly
more than the 21% spent in Japan. In contrast, the percentage of spending on food
was relatively close, at 27% in Malaysia and 24% in Japan.
As for transport, Japan allocated 20% of household spending to this category—twice
as much as Malaysia, which spent only 10%. Healthcare was the least prioritized in
both nations, at just 3% in Malaysia and 6% in Japan. Finally, spending on other goods
and services was notably high in both countries, accounting for 29% in Japan and
26% in Malaysia.
Task 2: some people believe that physical exercise should be a required part of
every school day. Other people believe that students should spend the whole
school day on academic studies. Discuss both view and give your own opinions.
Band 8,0 checked
It is apparent that physical exercise is of great importance for the overall development
of every child. Therefore, some people argue that physical education should be made
compulsory at school, while others contend that academic learning should take full
priority. This essay will delve into both views before reaching a conclusion.
On the one hand, integrating physical exercise into the school curriculum can be
conducive to the physical development of children at a young age. It has been
scientifically proven that students involved in sports have better physical health and
are less prone to diseases linked to a sedentary lifestyle. Furthermore, physical
education promotes teamwork, discipline, and collaboration skills that are transferable
to academic learning and life beyond school. In an era where sedentary lifestyles are
contributing to childhood obesity and related health issues, school-based physical
activity can provide a much-needed counterbalance.
On the other hand, those who advocate for a purely academic focus contend that the
primary role of education is to equip students with knowledge and cognitive skills that
are needed for future career pursuits. With increased competition in university
admissions and the job market, pupils are under pressure to excel in core academic
subjects such as STEM and languages. This is because academic excellence is often
required for lucrative jobs. Allocating more time and effort to these subjects may,
therefore, enhance their academic performance and career prospects. Moreover, some
opponents argue that physical exercise can be pursued outside the classroom and
should be optional rather than compulsory.
In my opinion, the best approach is to strike a balance between academic
responsibilities and physical development. Schools should not treat physical education
as a distraction from academic goals, but rather as a complementary tool to enhance
the overall well-being of students. Adopting some low-intensity exercises can instill
lifelong values of discipline and health, which are just as critical as academic success.
All things considered, while academic excellence is undeniably important, the
advantages of integrating physical exercise into the school day should not be
neglected, as it helps nurture well-rounded, health-conscious, and high-performing
students.
Band 9
“ It is widely recognized that physical activity plays a vital role in the holistic
development of children. While some argue that exercise should be a mandatory
element of the daily school routine, others believe that schools should focus entirely on
academic instruction. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting a
reasoned opinion.
On the one hand, those who prioritize academic learning argue that the primary goal of
education is to develop intellectual capabilities. In an increasingly competitive
world, academic achievement is seen as a key determinant of future success. Students
must excel in core subjects such as mathematics, science, and languages to gain access
to prestigious universities and secure high-paying jobs. From this viewpoint, school
time should be used efficiently to build academic knowledge. Furthermore, physical
exercise, they argue, can be pursued outside of school hours and should be left to
students’ personal choice rather than being enforced.
“ Advocates for mandatory physical education highlight its contribution to children's
physical well-being. Scientific evidence strongly suggests that regular physical
activity improves health, reducing the risk of illnesses associated with sedentary
lifestyles. Beyond physical benefits, participation in sports fosters crucial
transferable skills, including teamwork, discipline, and collaboration, all valuable
assets for academic success and future life. In a time of rising childhood obesity,
school-based physical activity offers a vital countermeasure.”
On the other hand, incorporating physical education into the school day has
significant benefits that extend beyond physical health. Numerous studies have shown
that regular physical activity improves concentration, reduces stress, and enhances
cognitive performance. In addition to boosting mental well-being, physical education
fosters teamwork, discipline, and resilience—qualities that are transferable to
academic settings and essential for personal growth. In an era where sedentary
lifestyles are contributing to rising rates of childhood obesity and mental health issues,
schools have a responsibility to encourage healthy habits by integrating exercise into
the daily routine.
“ Conversely, proponents of an exclusively academic curriculum argue that
education's primary purpose is to equip students with the knowledge and cognitive
skills necessary for future careers. The intense competition for university places
and desirable jobs necessitates a strong academic foundation in subjects like
STEM and languages. Academic excellence is often a prerequisite for high-earning
careers, leading to the belief that maximizing time dedicated to core subjects
directly enhances students' prospects. Furthermore, critics suggest that physical
activity can be pursued outside school hours, making compulsory PE unnecessary.”
In my opinion, a balanced approach that combines both academic study and physical
activity is the most effective. Schools should not treat physical education as a distraction
from learning but as a complementary tool that supports student well-being and
academic success. Even light daily exercise can improve focus and mood, helping
students perform better in their studies while building long-term habits that benefit
their physical and mental health.
In conclusion, although academic excellence is undoubtedly important, physical exercise
should be an essential part of the school day. A well-rounded education must address
both intellectual and physical development to prepare students for a successful and
healthy future.”
📘 Glossary of Highlighted Vocabulary:

Expression Meaning

essential part of the overall growth (mental +

vital role in the holistic development
physical)

mandatory element required or compulsory part

reasoned opinion a well-thought-out and logical viewpoint

primary goal of education the main aim of schooling

key determinant of future success a crucial factor that influences success

excel in core subjects do extremely well in main academic areas

prestigious universities top-ranked, well-respected schools

secure high-paying jobs get jobs that offer high salaries

enforced made mandatory or imposed

incorporating physical education including physical education

numerous studies have shown many pieces of research have proven

reduces stress / enhances cognitive

lowers anxiety / improves thinking ability
performance

fosters teamwork, discipline, and helps develop cooperation, self-control, and

resilience strength in difficult times

transferable to academic settings useful in school-related contexts

sedentary lifestyles / childhood inactive habits / children being overweight due to

obesity lack of movement

promote good behaviors like exercise and

encourage healthy habits
nutrition

balanced approach / complementary a method that blends things / supports or

tool enhances something else

long-term habits behaviors developed over a long time

well-rounded education education that develops all aspects of a person

Expression Meaning

intellectual and physical

growth of both mind and body
development

Task 1: the diagram below shows the life cycle of a salmon. Summarise the
information.

The diagram illustrates the life cycle of a salmon, detailing the various stages of
development from eggs in freshwater to adulthood in the sea.
Overall, the life cycle of a salmon consists of eight distinct stages, beginning with eggs
in freshwater and ending with spawning adults that return to reproduce and die. This
cycle includes both freshwater and marine environments and spans several years.
The cycle starts when eggs are laid in freshwater. After approximately three
months, they hatch into alevins, which feed on their yolk sacs for several weeks. As
they develop further, they become fry at around 5 to 10 weeks old and begin
swimming freely. Following this, the fry mature into parr, which are several months
old and recognizable by their distinct "finger" markings.
The next stage is smolt, at which point the salmon are 1 to 3 years old and begin to
group together before migrating to the sea. Once in the ocean, they grow into adult
salmon, spending between 1 and 8 years there. Finally, fully mature spawning adults
return to freshwater to reproduce and then die within two weeks, thus completing the
life cycle.
Task 1 : the chart below show the global market share of three computer
operating system (OS) in 2012 and 2015. Summarise the information by
selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant. Write at least 150 words.

The pie charts compares the market shares of different computer operating system
( OS) in a global scale from 2012 to 2015.
Overall, there were significant changes in the market shares, with OS 1 experiencing
the most significant growth to become the most widely used. As a result, the collective
share of other unspecified operating systems declined considerably, while OS 2 and
OS3 maintain relatively stable positions throughout the period.
Regarding OS 1 and other type of Oss, in 2012, other operating systems had almost half
of the market, with a combined 48% share of the market, whereas OS 1 accounted for a
lower propotion, at one-fifth of the global market. Over the next three year, the latter
market’s presense grew rapidly, reaching 52% by 2015. There was a corresponding fall
in the use of other Oss, as they ended up wih 15% of the market.
As for OS 2 and OS 3, the former remained almost unchanged at 16-17% throughout,
and the latter between 10% and 15%, starting and ending at the latter level.
Task 1: The line graph below shows the percentage of tourists to Scotland who
visited four different attractions in Edinburgh. Summarize the information by
selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
The line graph illustrates the percentage of tourists to Scotland who visited four
distinct attractions in Edinburgh — the Aquarium, Castle, Zoo, and Festival —
between 1980 and 2010.
Overall, the Castle consistently attracted the highest proportion of visitors
throughout the period, while the Festival experienced a steady decline in popularity.
Meanwhile, the Aquarium and Zoo displayed fluctuating trends, with the Aquarium
witnessing a notable drop after an initial rise.
In 1980, around 30% of tourists visited the Castle, which then saw a sharp increase,
peaking at 45% in 1995. Although there was a slight decline afterwards, it remained
the most visited attraction, ending at approximately 35% in 2010. In contrast, the
Festival started at around 30% but gradually declined to 10% over the 30-year
period.
The Aquarium experienced an initial rise from 20% in 1980 to just over 30% by
1990, followed by a steady and significant decline, plummeting to under 10% in
2010. The Zoo, on the other hand, followed a more erratic pattern — beginning at
roughly 10%, then increasing to 20% by 2000, and maintaining that level till the end.
In summary, while the Castle remained the most popular attraction, the Aquarium
experienced the most dramatic fall, and the Festival saw a consistent but gradual
decrease in interest among tourists.
Task 1: the graph gives information about coffee production in 4 different
countries from 1990 to 2010.
The bar chart details the growth of coffee production (the volume of coffee produced)
in four different nations over the 20-year course between 1990 and 2010.
Overall, it is clear that Columbia aside, coffee production in all other countries enjoyed
upswings, with Brazil recording the fastest growth . In addition, Brazil was always the
number one coffee-producing country, and the discrepancy between this and the other
countries became increasingly wider over the given period.
In 1990, 0.7 million tonnes of coffee was produced in Brazil, ranking first in four
surveyed countries. This figure thereafter experienced a dramatic increase to 1 million
tonnes in 1995 followed by a steeper growth of 0.5 million tonnes, and eventually
finishing off at 1.9 million tonnes in 2010.
Regarding the amount of coffee yield in Indonesia and Vietnam, albeit standing at
much lower positions with 0.2 and 0.1 million tonnes in turn, their figures followed
suit. After remaining at a plateau in the first five years, they climbed moderately at the
end of the period with 0.4 million tonnes for the former and nearly 0.3 million tonnes
for the latter.
Columbia was the only country witnessed a downturn in its volume of coffee produced,
although ranked second with 0.6 million tonnes in 1990. It gradually dropped over the
years until reaching its lowest of 0.3 million tonnes in 2010.
Other sample
“ The bar chart illustrates the amount of coffee produced (in million tonnes) in four
different countries—Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, and Vietnam—over a twenty-year
period from 1990 to 2010.
Overall, it is clear that Brazil consistently dominated coffee production throughout the
period, while Vietnam experienced a notable upward trend. In contrast, Colombia
showed a gradual decline, and Indonesia's output remained relatively stable.
In 1990, Brazil produced around 0.7 million tonnes, which was the highest among the
four countries. This figure rose steadily, reaching approximately 1.9 million tonnes by
2010. By comparison, Colombia started at just under 0.6 million tonnes but saw a
gradual drop, ending at about 0.4 million tonnes in 2010.
Indonesia's production fluctuated slightly, moving from roughly 0.2 million tonnes in
1990 to around 0.3 million tonnes in 2010. Vietnam, on the other hand, began as the
least productive of the four in 1990, with only about 0.1 million tonnes. However, its
production increased significantly, overtaking Indonesia by 2000 and reaching roughly
0.35 million tonnes in 2010.
In summary, while Brazil remained the leading producer, Vietnam was the only
country to show consistent growth, highlighting a shift in global coffee production
dynamics over the two decades. “
Task 2: some people think that scientific research should focus on solving world
health problems. Others think that there are more important issues. Discuss
both views and give your own opinions.
Opinions are divided on whether scientific research should prioritize global health
issues over other critical problems. While research into healthcare offers numerous
benefits, I believe that other areas deserve higher priority.
On the one hand, proponents of healthcare research argue that it addresses urgent
global challenges and improves public well-being. For instance, healthcare research is
crucial for tackling health crises that can be fatal to individuals with weakened
immune systems. A prime example is the advancement of COVID-19 vaccines, which,
thanks to well-funded scientific research, have saved countless lives and helped build
resistance to the virus. Had it not been for urgent research during this pandemic,
there would have been significantly more infections, deaths, and prolonged
disruptions to daily life. Furthermore, health studies have paved the way for longer
life expectancies by resolving previously incurable and communicable conditions.
Improved treatments for severe illnesses, such as stem cell therapies for leukemia,
have transformed lethal conditions into manageable ones, allowing patients to enjoy
their lives with loved ones.
Despite these benefits, I strongly believe that other research areas deserve greater
priority due to their immediate global threats. One crucial area is the environment,
particularly renewable energy and sustainable initiatives, as large-scale
environmental issues like climate change and pollution pose existential risks to all life
on Earth. In the long run, inadequate research in these fields could lead to
devastating consequences, such as food shortages, water scarcity, and the displacement
of millions of people living in affected regions. Another area worth investing in is
technology. Technological innovations have revolutionized various sectors,
transforming conventional manufacturing into automated processes. Automation
in manufacturing has boosted production efficiency and improved access to
affordable products, fostering economic growth and enhancing people’s quality of life.
All things considered, while human health is undeniably a vital area of research, the
merits of investing in other fields should not be neglected, as they tackle cross-cutting
challenges that can jeopardize the entire planet.
“ other version
There is considerable debate regarding the optimal allocation of resources for scientific
research. While some advocate for prioritizing global health concerns, others contend
that other areas are of greater importance. Both perspectives hold merit, but a balanced
approach acknowledges the interconnectedness of various challenges.
The argument for prioritizing healthcare research is compelling. Addressing global
health crises, such as pandemics, is undeniably crucial for improving public well-being
and saving lives. The rapid development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines, a direct
result of substantial investment in scientific research, serve as a powerful testament to
the life-saving potential of such endeavors. This research prevented countless deaths and
mitigated the widespread societal disruption caused by the pandemic. Moreover,
advancements in medical treatments, like stem cell therapies for leukemia, have
significantly extended life expectancies and improved the quality of life for countless
individuals suffering from previously incurable diseases. These successes highlight the
tangible benefits derived from fogcusing resources on health-related research.
However, neglecting other critical research areas would be shortsighted. Environmental
challenges, particularly climate change and pollution, pose an existential threat to
humanity. Without substantial investment in renewable energy and sustainable
practices, the long-term consequences could be catastrophic, including widespread food
and water shortages, mass displacement, and ecological collapse. Furthermore,
advancements in technology are essential for addressing numerous global challenges.
Technological innovations have revolutionized various sectors, boosting productivity and
improving access to essential goods and services. Such advancements are crucial for
economic growth and improving living standards worldwide.
In conclusion, although healthcare research undoubtedly plays a vital role in improving
human well-being, a balanced approach necessitates the allocation of resources to other
crucial areas. Environmental sustainability and technological advancement are equally
important, addressing interconnected challenges that can ultimately undermine global
health and prosperity. A comprehensive strategy that integrates research across these
diverse fields is necessary to ensure a sustainable and healthy future for all. “
Task 2: if people could choose between a life without wotkiing or a life spending
too much time working, people would choose a life without work. To what extent
do you agree or diagree?
Opinions are divided on whether people would, if given the choice, prefer not having to
work to having to work diligently. While some people may find fulfillment in dedication
to their careers. I strongly believe that most individuals would prefer a life free from
onerous work obligations.