B.Tech.

(Biotechnology)

SCHEME OF INSTRUCTIONS AND SYLLABI

OF
B. TECH- I to VIII SEMESTERS COURSE
IN

BIOTECHNOLOGY
(In line with AICTE Model Curriculum with effect from AY 2024-25)

(R–22 A Regulation)

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

Affiliated to OU, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NBA, NAAC (A++) Kokapet Village,
Gandipet Mandal, Hyderabad– 500 075. Telangana
E-Mail: principal@cbit.ac.in; Website: www.cbit.ac.in;
Phone Nos.: 040-24193276 / 277 / 279

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CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

INSTITUTE VISION AND MISSION VISION

To be centre of excellence in technical education and research

MISSION
To address the emerging needs through quality technical education and advanced research

DEPARTMENT VISION AND MISSION

VISION
To excel in education, research and entrepreneurship in various fields of Biotechnology for
contribution to the evolving needs of the society

MISSION
1. To provide an excellent educational experience to the undergraduate students of
Biotechnology through quality teaching and advanced curriculum with roots into the
fundamentals, that enables students to become leaders in their chosen field of
Biotechnology
2. To provide vibrant learning and research environment that enables students to focus on
lifelong learning to transform into entrepreneurs, and renowned researchers
3. To instil the spirit of innovation and creativity in young minds through participation in
International and National level conferences/hackathons combined with a deep awareness
of ethical responsibilities to profession and society

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOS):

The Biotechnology department is dedicated to graduating engineers who,
1. Will demonstrate successful careers in industry through scientific thinking, interpreting,
analysing experimental results and pursue higher education and research in reputed
national and international institutes.
2. Will demonstrate leadership and initiative to advance professional and organizational
goals with a commitment to ethical standards of profession, teamwork, and respect for
diverse cultural background
3. Will be involved in lifelong /self-learning to keep abreast with the constantly evolving
technologies for establishing start-ups and becoming successful entrepreneurs.
4. Will be committed to creative practice of engineering and other professions in a
responsible manner contributing to the socio-economic development of the society.

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PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOS):

Students should be able to
1. Apply the concepts of Biotechnology in the fields of health care, agriculture, biofuels,
food industry and other relevant areas
2. Demonstrate adequate proficiency of good lab practices by adopting standard operating
protocols and illustrate independent, safe and accurate handling of the biotechnology lab
equipment

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With effect from the Academic Year 2024-25

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

(In line with AICTE Model Curriculum with effect from AY 2024-25)

SEMESTER –I
Scheme of Scheme of Examination
Instruction
S. Course Duration
Title of the Course Hours per Maximum Credits
No Code of SEE
Week Marks
in Hours
L T P/D CIE SEE
THEORY
22MTC03/ Mathematics-I /
1 22BTC01N Basics of Biology-I 3 1 0 3 40 60 4

2 22CYC01 Chemistry 3 0 0 3 40 60 3
Basic Electrical
3 22EEC01 Engineering 2 1 0 3 40 60 3
Problem Solving and
4 22CSC01N Programming Using Python 2 1 0 3 40 60 3
PRACTICAL
5 22CYC02 Chemistry Lab 0 0 3 3 50 50 1.5
6 22MBC02N Community Engagement 0 0 2 - 50 Nil 1
Problem Solving and
7 22CSC02N Programming Using Python 0 0 3 3 50 50 1.5
Lab
8 22MEC37N Robotics & Drones Lab 0 1 3 - 100 Nil 2.5
Basic Electrical
9 22EEC02 0 0 2 3 50 50 1
Engineering Lab
TOTAL 10 5 13 460 390 20.5

L: Lecture T: Tutorial D: Drawing P: Practical

CIE-Continuous Internal Evaluation SEE-Semester End Examination

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22MTC03

MATHEMATICS-I
(BIOTECH- BIPC STREAM)

Instruction 3 L+1T Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To discuss elementary transformations of trigonometric functions.
2. To explain basics of limit and continuity of the functions.
3. To explain differentiation of the basic functions
4. To discuss matrix methods to solve system of linear equations.
5. To discuss the exact roots of Cubic and Bi-quadratic equations.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, students will be able to

1. Calculate the elementary transformations of trigonometric functions.
2. Evaluate the limit and Continuity of the functions
3. Calculate the differentiation of functions.
4. Apply the matrix methods to solve the system of linear equations.
5. Solve the Cubic and Bi-quadratic equations.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - 1
CO2 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - 2
CO3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - 2
CO4 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - 2
CO5 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - 1

UNIT-I
Trigonometry: Review of basics of Trigonometry, Compound angles and multiple and sub
multiple angles, Transformations-sum and product rules, Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic
functions.

UNIT-II
Function Limits and Continuity: Function sinx, cosx, ex, logx intervals and neighbourhoods, limits
and concept of limit, standard limits and related problems

UNIT-III
Differentiation: Derivatives of a function, Elementary properties. Derivatives of Trigonometric,
Inverse Trigonometric, Hyperbolic and inverse Hyperbolic functions, Methods of differentiation,
second and higher order derivatives.

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UNIT-IV
Matrices: Types of matrices, multiplication of matrices, scalar multiplication, Inverse of matrix-
determinant, singular, non-singular, minor, cofactors, adjoint, Rank-Echelon form, consistency and
inconsistency Solutions of simultaneous linear equations.
UNIT-V
Theory of Equations: Relation between roots and the co-efficient in an equation, solution of the
equation when two or more of its roots are connected by certain relations.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Shanti Narayan and Mittal P.K, “Differential Calculus”, 30th edition, S Chand Publishers, 2005.
2. A.R.Vasistha, “Matrices”, 43rd edition, Krishna’s Educational Publishers, 2014.
3. Hall and Knight, “Higher Algebra”, Arihant Publications, 2016.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. N P Bali and Manish Goyal, “A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics”, 9th
Edition, Laxmi Publishers, 2017.
2. Joseph Edwards, “Differential Calculus For Beginners”, Arihant Publishers, 2016.
3. Kanti B.Datta, “Mathematical Methods of Science and Engineering”, Cengage Learning India
Publishers,
2012.

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22BTC01N
BASICS OF BIOLOGY - I
(FOR MPC STREAM OF BIOTECH)
Instruction: 3 L+1T Hours per week
Duration of SEE: 3 Hours
SEE: 60 Marks
CIE: 40 Marks
Credits: 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To give understanding of fundamentals of origin of life and various theories of evolution.
2. To give an insight into plant cells and its organelles
3. To provide knowledge on the classification of plants and their propagation mode.
4. To impart theoretical knowledge on various physiological aspects of plants
5. To give the students an understanding of knowledge on microbes and their economic
importance.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, students will be able to

1. Outline the theories behind the origin of life and evolution studies.
2. Describe the structure and functions of plant cells and their organelles.
3. Relate the plants based on the habit and habitat and mechanism of seed development in
plants.
4. Infer the basic physiological processes in plants and various methods of crop improvement.
5. Demonstrates characteristics of bacteria, fungi, and viruses and explains virus
related diseases and economic importance of microbes.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0
CO2 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
CO3 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 0
CO4 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 2 2 0
CO5 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 2 0

UNIT-I
History of Life and Evolution: History of Earth, Evolutionary theories of origin of life. Experimental
verification of the chemical origin of life. Darwinism, Natural selection, Sexual selection, Artificial
selection, Mendelism, Hugo De Vries mutation theory, Neo-Darwinism. Introduction and importance
of classification - five kingdoms (Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia).

UNIT-II
Cell Structure and Internal Organization of Plants: Cell as a basic UNIT-of life, an overview of the
plant cell, cell cycle, cell division, mitosis, and meiosis. Concept of growth, meristems (apical,
intercalary, and lateral) their functions. Simple tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma),
complex tissues (xylem and phloem). Tissue systems (epidermal, ground and vascular)

UNIT-III
Plant Systematic and Reproduction: Plant kingdom, salient features of classification. Alternation of

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generation of the plants. Type studies of Algae (Spirogyra), Bryophytes (Moss), Pteridophyte (Pteris),
Gymnosperms (Cycas), and general characteristics and life cycle of Angiosperms. Overview of modes
of reproduction-Asexual: vegetative propagation, budding, sporulation, binary fission; Sexual
reproduction: pollination, fertilization, development of embryo, endosperm, fruit, and seed formation.
Apomixes, parthenocarpy, polyembryony type of reproduction.

UNIT-IV
Plant Physiology and Concepts in Plant Biotechnology: Absorption of water soil water, water
potential, diffusion, imbibitions, osmosis, plasmolysis, absorption of water, ascent of sap,
transportation. Crop improvement - Heterosis and mutation breeding. Plant tissue culture techniques
and their applications. Plant growth regulators.

UNIT-V
Introduction to Microbial World: General account of prokaryotes: structure & function of the
bacterial cell. Concept of species and strains. Salient properties of Fungi and type study of Rhizopus.
General characteristics of Virus. Study of Bacterial viruses - T4, plant viruses TMV, animal viruses
HIV. Structure Reproduction in bacteria (asexual-binary fission and sexual-conjugation) and viruses
(lytic and lysogenic). Economic importance of beneficial bacteria (agriculture, industry, medicine, and
biotechnology).

TEXT BOOKS
1. Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn Biology of Plants W. H. Freeman 2012. Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd 9th edition, (2010).
2. Campbell, N.A., Reece, J.B., Urry, Lisa, Cain, ML., Wasserman, S.A., Minorsky, P.V.,
Jackson, R.B.Biology: A Global 11th edition, Pearson Education Ltd. (2017)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Willey, J. M., Sherwood, L., Woolverton, C. J., Prescott, L. M., & Willey, J. M New York:
McGraw-Hill. 6th Edition (2011).

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22CYC01
CHEMISTRY
(BIOTECH)

Instruction 3L Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credit 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to Instruction

1. This syllabus helps at providing the concepts of chemical bonding and chemical
kinetics to the students aspiring to become practicing engineers
2. Thermodynamic and Electrochemistry units give conceptual knowledge about processes
and how they can be producing electrical energy and efficiency of systems.
3. To teach students the value of chemistry and to improve the research
opportunities knowledge of stereochemistry and organic reactions is
essential.
4. Water chemistry UNIT-impart the knowledge and understand the role of chemistry in the daily
life.
5. New materials lead to discovering of technologies in strategic areas for which an
insight into Polymers, nanomaterials and basic drugs of modern chemistry is
essential.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, students will be able to

1. Identify the microscopic chemistry in terms of molecular orbitals, intermolecular forces
and rate of chemical reactions.
2. Discuss the properties and processes using thermodynamic functions, electrochemical
cells and their role in batteries and fuel cells.
3. Illustrate the major chemical reactions that are used in the synthesis of organic molecules.
4. Classify the various methods used in treatment of water for domestic and industrial use.
5. Outline the synthesis of various Engineering materials & Drugs.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2 2 - - 2 2 - - - - 2
CO2 3 2 2 - - 2 2 - - - - 2
CO3 3 2 3 - - 2 2 - - - - 2
CO4 3 2 3 - - 2 2 - - - - 2
CO5 3 2 2 - - 2 2 - - - - 2

UNIT-I
Atomic and Molecular Structure and Chemical Kinetics:
Atomic and molecular structure: Molecular Orbital theory - atomic and molecular orbitals. Linear
combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method. Molecular orbitals of diatomic molecules. Molecular
Orbital Energy level diagrams (MOED) of diatomic molecules & molecular ions (H2, He2+, N2 , O2 ,
O2 ¯ , CO, NO). Pi- molecular orbitals of benzene and its aromaticity.
Chemical Kinetics: Introduction, Terms involved in kinetics: rate of reaction, order & molecularity;
First order reaction-Characteristics: units of first order rate constant & its half-life period, second

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order reaction-Characteristics: units of second order rate constant & its half-life period. Numericals.

UNIT-II
Use of free energy in chemical equilibria
Use of free energy in chemical equilibria: Thermodynamic functions: Internal energy, entropy and
free energy. Significance of entropy and free energy (criteria of spontaneity). Free energy and emf
(Gibbs Helmholtz equations and its applications). Cell potentials, electrode potentials, and –
Reference electrodes (NHE, SCE) electrochemical series. Nernst equation and its applications.
Determination of pH using combined Glass & Calomel electrode. Potentiometric Acid base &
Redox Titrations. Numericals.
Battery technology: Rechargeable batteries & Fuel cells.
Lithium batteries: Introduction, construction, working and applications of Li-MnO2 and Li-ion
batteries.
Fuel Cells: Introduction, difference between conventional cell and fuel cell, limitations & advantages.
Construction, working & applications of methanol-oxygen fuel cell.

UNIT-III
Stereochemistry and Organic reactions
Stereochemistry: Representations of 3 dimensional structures, Types of stereoisomerism-
Conformational isomerism confirmations of n-butane (Newman and sawhorse representations),
Configurational isomerism Geometrical (cistrans) isomerism & Optical isomerism- optical activity,
Symmetry and chirality: Enantiomers (lactic acid) & Diastereomers (Tartaric acid), Absolute
configurations, Sequence rules for R&S notation.
Types of Organic reactions: Substitution Reactions- Electrophilic substitution (Nitration of
Benzene); Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1& SN2); Free Radical Substitution (Halogenation of
Alkanes)
Addition Reactions: Electrophilic Addition – Markonikoff’s rule, Free radical Addition Anti
Markonikoff’s rule
(Peroxide effect), Nucleophilic Addition (Addition of HCN to carbonyl compounds)
Eliminations-E1 and E2 (dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides), Cyclization (Diels - Alder reaction)

UNIT–IV Water Chemistry:

Hardness of water – Types, units of hardness, Disadvantages of hard water, Alkalinity and Estimation
of Alkalinity of water, Boiler troubles - scales & sludge formation, causes and effects, Softening of
water by lime soda process (Cold lime soda process), ion exchange method and Reverse Osmosis.
Specifications of potable water & industrial water. Disinfection of water by Chlorination; break point
chlorination, BOD and COD definition, Estimation (only brief procedure) and significance,
Numericals.

UNIT-V Engineering Materials and Drugs:

Introduction, Terms used in polymer science; Thermoplastic polymers (PVC) & Thermosetting
polymers (Bakelite); Elastomers (Natural rubber). Conducting polymers- Definition,
classification and applications.
Polymers for Electronics: Polymer resists for integrated circuit fabrication, lithography and
photolithography Nano materials-Introduction to nanomaterials and general applications, basic
chemical methods of preparation- Solgel method. Carbon nanotubes and their applications.
Characterisation of nanomaterials by SEM and TEM (only Principle). Drugs-Introduction, Synthesis
and uses of Aspirin (analgesic), Paracetamol (Antipyretic), Atenolol (antihypertensive).

TEXT BOOKS
1. P.C. Jain and M. Jain, “Engineering Chemistry”, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi,16th edition (2015).
2. W.U. Malik, G.D.Tuli and R.D.Madan, “Selected topics in Inorganic Chemistry”, S Chand
& Company Ltd, New Delhi, reprint (2009).

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3. R.T. Morrison, R.N. Boyd and S.K. Bhattacharjee, “Organic Chemistry”, Pearson, Delhi, 7th
edition (2019).
4. A Textbook of Polymer Science and Technology , Shashi Chawla ,Dhanpat Rai & Co. (2014)
5. T. Pradeep, Nano: The Essentials, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, Delhi, 2012
6. G.L. David Krupadanam, D. Vijaya Prasad, K. Varaprasad Rao, K.L.N. Reddy and
C.Sudhakar, “Drugs”,
Universities Press (India) Limited, Hyderabad (2007).

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. B. H. Mahan, “University Chemistry”, Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi, 3rd edition (2013).
2. B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma and M.S. Pathania, “Principles of Physical Chemistry”, S. Nagin
Chand & Company
Ltd., 46th edition (2013).
3. T.W. Graham Solomons, C.B. Fryhle and S.A. Snyder, “Organic Chemistry”, Wiley, 12th
edition (2017).
4. P.W. Atkins, J.D. Paula, “Physical Chemistry”, Oxford, 8th edition (2006).

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22EEC01
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Instruction 3 Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To understand the behaviour of different circuit elements R, L & C, and the basic
concepts of electrical AC circuit analysis
2. To comprehend the basic principle of operation of AC and DC machines
3. To infer about different types of electrical wires and cables, domestic and industrial
wiring, safety rules and methods of earthing.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After the completion of this course, the student will be able to
1. Understand the concepts of Kirchhoff’s laws and their application various theorems to get
solution of simple dc
circuits.
2. Predict the steady state response of RLC circuits with AC single phase/three phase supply.
3. Infer the basics of single phase transformer
4. Describe the construction, working principle of DC machine and 3-phase Induction motor.
5. Acquire the knowledge of electrical wires, cables, earthing, Electrical safety
precautions to be followed in electrical installations and electric shock and its safety and
energy calculations.
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX
PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 3 2 - - - - - 1 2 - 3
CO2 3 3 2 - - - - - 1 2 - 3
CO3 3 3 2 1 - - - - 1 2 - 3
CO4 2 1 - - - - - - 1 2 - 3
CO5 2 - 2 - - - - - 1 2 - 3

UNIT-I
DC Circuits: Electrical circuit elements (R,L and C), voltage and current sources, Kirchhoff current and
voltage laws,analysis of simple circuits with dc excitation, Superposition, Thevenin’s and Norton’s
Theorems.

UNIT-II
AC Circuits: Representation of sinusoidal waveforms, peak and RMS values, phasor representation,
real power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, Analysis of single-phase ac circuits
consisting of R, L, C, series RL and RC. Three phase balanced circuits, voltage and current relations
in star and delta connections.

UNIT-III
Single Phase Transformer: Construction, Working principle, EMF Equation, Ideal and Practical
transformer, Equivalent circuit of Transformer, OC and SC tests on a transformer, Efficiency and
Regulation

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UNIT-IV
DC and AC Machines: DC Generators: Construction, Principle of operation, EMF equation,
Classification, Characteristics of shunt generators. DC Motors: Classification, Torque Equation,
Characteristics and Speed control of DC Shunt and Series Motors, Losses and efficiency Three -
Phase Induction Motors: Principle of operation, Applications

UNIT-V
Electrical Installations: Electrical Wiring: Types of wires and cables, Electrical Safety precautions in
handling electrical appliances, electric shock, and first aid for electric shock, safety rules.
Components of LT Switchgear: Switch Fuse UNIT-(SFU), MCB, ELCB, Earthing (Elementary
Treatment only), Elementary calculations for energy consumption

TEXT BOOKS
1. L. S. Bobrow, Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, Oxford University Press, 2011.
2. E. Hughes, Electrical and Electronics Technology, Pearson, 2010.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. D. P. Kothari & I. J. Nagrath, “Basic Electrical Engineering”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.
2. V. D. Toro, “Electrical Engineering Fundamentals”, Prentice Hall India, 1989
3. D.C. Kulshreshtha, “Basic Electrical Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 2009
4. P.V. Prasad, S. Sivanagaraju, R. Prasad, "Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering"
Cengage Learning, 1st Edition, 2013

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22CSC01N

PROBLEM SOLVING AND PROGRAMMING USING PYTHON

Instruction 2 L +1 T Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Prerequisite: Basic Computer Skills.

Course Objectives: This course aims to:

1. Master the fundamentals of writing Python scripts, learn core Python scripting elements such as
variables, data types, operators and flow control structures.
2. Discover how to work with lists and sequence data and write Python functions to facilitate code
reuse.
3. Explore Python Arrays, Perform Searching/Sorting using Collections, Use Python to read and
write files.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Understand real world problems and Create algorithms/flowcharts/decision tables for solving
those problems.
2. Interpret the data types, operators and tokens of Python for solving basic programming solutions.
3. Apply the constructs like selection, repetition and functions to modularize the programs.
4. Analyze searching/sorting techniques to solve problems that involve finding and manipulating
data.
5. Design and build applications with built-in modules and files.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - - 1
CO 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - - 2
CO 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - - 2
CO 4 3 3 2 1 1 - - - - - - 2
CO 5 3 3 3 1 2 1 - - - - - 2

UNIT--I
Techniques of Problem Solving: Algorithms, Flowcharts, Decision Table, Programming
methodologies viz. top-down and bottom-up programming.
Software requirements for programming: Operating System, Editor (IDE), Compiler, Linker,
Loader.
Introduction to Python: Structure of a Python Program, Python program execution steps, Python
Interpreter and Script mode of programming, Lines and Indentation, Identifiers and keywords,
Literals, Python suite, comments, quotation in python.

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UNIT-II
Data Types in Python: Numeric (integer, float, complex), Sequence type with Functions and
Methods (string, list and nested/multidimensional lists, tuple), Boolean, Set with Functions and
Methods, Dictionary with Functions and Methods, Binary types (bytearray, bytes, memoryview).
Type Conversion, Input-Output functions.

UNIT-III
Python Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise, Assignment, Identity and Membership,
Ternary operator. Operator precedence and associativity.
Decision Control Statements: Selection/Conditional Branching, Loop Control Structures, Nested
Loops.
Comprehensions: List, Dictionary, Set comprehensions.

UNIT-IV
Arrays: Array Definition, Initialization and Accessing elements:1D arrays using array module, 2D
arrays using numpy module.
Functions and Modules: Uses of functions, Function definition, Function call, Parameter types,
Variable scope and Lifetime, Recursion, Lambda functions.

UNIT-V
Searching and Sorting Techniques: Linear Search, Binary Search, Selection Sort, Bubble Sort.
File Handling: File types, opening and closing files, reading and writing files, file positions.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Taming Python by Programming, Jeeva Jose, Revised Edition 2019, Khanna Book
Publications.
2. Python Programming, Reema Thareja, Oxford Press, 2017.
3. Let us Python, Yashavant Kanetkar and Aditya Kanetkar, First Edition, 2019, BPB
Publications.

Suggested Reading:
1. Learn Python 3 the Hard Way, Zed A. Shaw, First Edition, 2018, Pearson Education Inc.
2. Python in easy steps: Makes Programming Fun, Mike Mc Grath, Kindle Edition, 2017.
3. The Python Standard Library by Example by Doug Hellmann, Second Edition, June 2017.

Online Resources:
1. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec24_cs01/preview.
2. https://www.coursera.org/specializations/python.
3. https://www.python.org.
4. https://www.visual-paradigm.com/tutorials/decision-table-in-action.jsp.
5. https://www.coursera.org/specializations/python
6. https://www.python.org

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22CYC02

CHEMISTRY LAB
(BIOTECH)

Instruction: 3P Hours per Week

Duration of SEE: 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits: 1.5

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To impart fundamental knowledge in handling the equipment / glassware and chemicals in
chemistry laboratory.
2. To provide the knowledge in both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis
3. The student should be conversant with the principles of volumetric analysis
4. To apply various instrumental methods to analyse the chemical compounds and to improve
understanding of theoretical concepts.
5. To interpret the theoretical concepts in the preparation of new materials like drugs and
polymers.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, students will be able to

1. Identify the basic chemical methods to analyse the substances quantitatively & qualitatively.
2. Estimate the amount of chemical substances by volumetric analysis.
3. Determine the rate constants of reactions from concentration of reactants/ products as a
function of time.
4. Calculate the concentration and amount of various substances using instrumental techniques.
5. Develop the basic drug molecules and polymeric compounds.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO 1 3 2 2 - - 2 2 - - - - 2 2 2
CO 2 3 2 1 - - 1 2 - - - - 2 2 2
CO 3 3 2 3 - - 2 2 - - - - 2 2 2
CO 4 3 2 2 - - 2 2 - - - - 2 2 2
CO 5 3 2 3 - - 2 2 - - - - 2 2 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Introduction: Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid and standardisation of NaOH.
2. Estimation of metal ions (Co+2 & Ni+2) by EDTA method.
3. Estimation of temporary and permanent hardness of water using EDTA solution
4. Determination of Alkalinity of water
5. Determination of rate constant for the reaction of hydrolysis of methyl acetate. (first order)
6. Determination of rate constant for the reaction between potassium per sulphate and potassium
Iodide. (second order)
7. Estimation of amount of HCl Conductometrically using NaOH solution.
8. Estimation of amount of HCl and CH3COOH present in the given mixture of acids
Conductometrically using NaOH solution.
9. Estimation of amount of HCl Potentiometrically using NaOH solution.

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10. Estimation of amount of Fe+2 Potentiometrically using KMnO4 solution

11. Preparation of Nitrobenzene from Benzene.
12. Synthesis of Aspirin drug and Paracetamol drug.
13. Synthesis of phenol formaldehyde resin.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. J. Mendham and Thomas, “Vogel’s text book of quantitative chemical analysis”, Pearson
education Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi , 6th ed. 2002.
2. Senior practical physical chemistry by B.D.Khosla, V.C.Garg & A.Gulati; R. Chand & Co. :
New Delhi (2011).

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Dr. Subdharani , “Laboratory Manual on Engineering Chemistry”, Dhanpat Rai Publishing,
2012.
2. S.S. Dara , “A Textbook on experiment and calculation in engineering chemistry”, S.Chand and
Company, 9th
revised edition, 2015.
3. Kogilavani, Kongu Engineering College.

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22MBC02N

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Instruction 2P Hours per week
Duration of SEE 0 Hours
SEE 0 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

Course Objectives: The main Objectives of this Course are to:

1. Develop an appreciation of rural culture, life-style and wisdom among the Students.
2. Learn about the various livelihood activities that contribute to Rural economy.
3. Familiarize the Rural Institutions and the Rural Development Programmes in India.

Course Outcomes: After the completion of this Course, Student will be able to:
1. Gain an understanding of Rural life, Culture and Social realities.
2. Develop a sense of empathy and bonds of mutuality with Local Communities.
3. Appreciate significant contributions of Local communities to Indian Society and Economy.
4. Exhibit the knowledge of Rural Institutions and contributing to Community’s Socio-Economic
improvements.
5. Utilise the opportunities provided by Rural Development Programmes.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
C01 1 2 2 2 - 3 3 1 2 - - 2
CO2 - 1 2 2 - 3 2 - 2 1 - 1
CO3 - 1 1 2 - 2 2 1 3 1 2 1
CO4 2 2 3 2 - 2 2 1 2 2 1 -
CO5 1 2 2 1 - 1 1 ---- 1 - 1 1

Module I Appreciation of Rural Society

Rural life style, Rural society, Caste and Gender relations, Rural values with respect to Community,
Nature and Resources. Rural Infrastructure.

Module II Understanding Rural Economy and Livelihood

Agriculture, Farming, Landownership, Water management, Non-farm Livelihood and Artisans, Rural
Entrepreneurs, Rural markets, Rural Credit Societies, Farmer Production Organization/Company.

Module III Rural Institutions

Traditional Rural organizations, Self-Help Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions (Gram Sabha), Gram
Panchayat, Standing Committees.

Module IV Rural Development Programmes

History of Rural Development in India, Current National Programmes: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Beti
Bhachao, Beti Padhao, Ayushman, Bharat, Swachh Bharat, PM Awas Yojana, Skill India. NRLM,
MNREGA etc.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Singh, Katar, Rural Development: Principles, Policies and Management, Sage Publications, New
Delhi, 2015.
2. A Hand book on Village Panchayat Administration, Rajiv Gandhi Chair for Panchayati Raj Studies,
2002.
3. United Nations, Sustainable Development Goals, 2015, un.org/sdgs
4. M.P Boraia, Best Practices in Rural Development, Shanlax Publishers, 2016.

JOURNALS:
1. Journal of Rural development (published by NIRD & PR, Hyderabad).
2. Indian Journal of Social Work, (by TISS, Bombay).
3. Indian Journal of Extension Educations (by Indian Society of Extension Education).
4. Journal of Extension Education (by Extension Education Society).
5. Kurukshetra (Ministry of Rural Development, GOI).
6. Yojana (Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, GOI).

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22CSC02N

PROBLEM SOLVING AND PROGRAMMING USING PYTHON LAB

Instruction 3 P Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5

Prerequisite: Basic Computer Skills.

Course Objectives: This course aims to:

1. Master the fundamentals of writing Python scripts.
2. Learn Python elements such as variables, flow controls structures, functions and modules.
3. Discover how to work with lists and sequence data, and files.

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Inspect and identify suitable programming environment to work with Python.
2. Choose appropriate control constructs, data structures to design and build the solutions.
3. Develop the solutions with modular approach using functions to enhance the code efficiency.
4. Analyze and debug the programs to verify and validate code.
5. Demonstrate use of Standard Template Libraries and modules to build file
handling/Searching/Sorting applications.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO 1 2 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - 2
CO 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - - 2
CO 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 - - - - - 2
CO 4 3 3 3 1 1 1 - - - - - 2
CO 5 3 3 3 1 2 1 - - - - - 2

LABORATORY / PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS:

1. Explore various Python Program Development Environments.
2. Design Flowcharts using raptor / draw.io tools.
3. Simple scripts to demonstrate the use of basic data types and operators.
4. Demonstrate the use of control structures.
5. Experiments using Comprehensions with List, Dictionary, Set.
6. Implementation using Functions, Lambda functions and parameter passing.
7. Experiments using Searching and Sorting techniques.
8. Experimentation with Arrays using array and numpy modules.
9. Simple scripts to demonstrate the use of built-in modules.(Ex: math, random).
10. Demonstration of File Handling.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Taming Python by Programming, Jeeva Jose, Revised Edition 2019, Khanna Book
Publications.
2. Python Programming, Reema Thareja, Oxford Press, 2017.
3. Let us Python, Yashavant Kanetkar and Aditya Kanetkar, First Edition, 2019, BPB
Publications.

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Suggested Reading:
1. Learn Python 3 the Hard Way, Zed A. Shaw, First Edition, 2018, Pearson Education Inc.
2. Python in easy steps: Makes Programming Fun, Mike Mc Grath, Kindle Edition, 2017.
3. The Python Standard Library by Example by Doug Hellmann, Second Edition, June 2017.

Online Resources:
1. https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec24_cs01/preview.
2. https://www.coursera.org/specializations/python
3. https://www.python.org

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22MEC37N
ROBOTICS AND DRONES LAB
(Common to All Branches)
Instruction 1T+3P Hours per week
Duration of SEE 0 Hours
SEE 0 Marks
CIE 100 Marks
Credits 2.5

Prerequisite: Nil
Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to
1. To develop a thorough understanding of various autonomous robot structures
2. To gain expertise in working with various sensors and gain the ability to interface sensors with
microcontrollers, read data, and seamlessly integrate them into robotics applications.
3. To acquire proficiency in understanding different types of motors, motor drivers, develop the
skills to interface motors with microcontrollers, motors and construct two-wheel robots with
controlled movements.
4. To attain proficiency in utilizing OpenCV for advanced image processing tasks master
techniques such as RGB value extraction, creating colored shapes, and extracting Regions of
Interest (ROI) from images.
5. To develop a thorough understanding of various drone structures/develop autonomous
systems.

Course Outcomes: After completion of course, students would be able to

1. Understand mechanical structures, motors, sensors, and circuits essential for constructing
robots.
2. Demonstrate the utilization of sensors (Ultrasonic, IR, Rotary Encoder) for Arduino
interfacing, reading data, and integrating them seamlessly into robotics applications.
3. Demonstrate expertise in operating robot controllers, applying theory to precisely control
servo and stepper motors, 2 wheel robots ensuring desired motion.
4. Able to apply Python and OpenCV for image processing, including RGB extraction and ROI
tasks.
5. Proficiently assemble a quadcopter drone, showcasing understanding of its classification,
parts, and operational principles/ Proficiency to develop autonomous systems fostering
creativity and practical application.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 3 3 1 2
CO2 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 3 3 1 2
CO3 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 3 3 1 2
CO4 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 3 3 1 2
CO5 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 3 3 1 2

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Lab Experiments:
Experiment Title CO
No

1. Introduction to Robotics, Definition and scope of robotics, Robot

configurations-Cartesian, cylinder, polar and articulate. Uses and Significance
of Robots, Parts of a Robot, Current applications and future trends. 1
Introduction to Arduino, C++, Arduino Programming Environment.
Interfacing Arduino with Electronic Devices such as LEDs/Piezo Buzzer

2. Interfacing Arduino with Electronic Devices such as Push 1

Button/Potentiometer

3. Introduction to Sensors, Types of Sensors, Reading Data from Sensors,

Interfacing Sensors with Microcontrollers.Interfacing Arduino with Ultrasonic 2
Distance Sensor and Reading Sensor Data on Serial Monitor

4. Interfacing Arduino with IR Sensor and Reading Sensor Data on Serial Monitor 2

5. Interfacing Arduino with Rotary Encoder and Reading Sensor Data on Serial
2
Monitor

6. Introduction to motors, Types of motors, Motor drivers, Interfacing motors with

Microcontrollers, Introduction to Li-ion, LIPO batteries, uses and safety
precaution. 3
Implement a system that utilizes an Arduino microcontroller to control the
precise movement of a servo motor.

7. Implement a system that utilizes an Arduino microcontroller to control the

3
precise and sequential movements of a stepper motor.

8. Construct a two-wheel robot using DC motors controlled by an Arduino

microcontroller. Implement a program that allows the robot to execute specific
movements.
3
The robot should:
i. Move forward with controlled acceleration.
ii. Move backward with controlled deceleration.

9. Construct an Obstacle avoidance robot 3

10. Construct a Pick and place robot 3

11. OpenCv for image processing:

i. Extraction of RGB values of a pixel
4
ii. Create colored shapes and save image
iii. Extraction of ROI

12. Assembly of quad copter drone. 5

Open-Ended Project on Autonomous System

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Note:
 Mandatory Open-Ended Project (20 marks) in CIE.
 Any 10 experiments the students must do among the 12 experiments.

Suggested readings
1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/robotics-introduction/
2. https://www.ohio.edu/mechanical-faculty/williams/html/PDF/IntroRob.pdf
3. https://www.idtechex.com/en/research-report/new-robotics-and-drones-2018-2038-technologies-
forecasts-players/584 https://dronebotworkshop.com/

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22EEC02
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

Instruction 2P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
Semester End Examination 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To acquire the knowledge on different types of electrical elements and to verify the basic
electrical circuit laws and theorems.
2. To determine the parameters and power factor of a coil, calculate the time and frequency
responses of RLC circuits and to familiarize with measurement of electric power &
energy.
3. To determine the characteristics of Transformers, dc, ac machines and switch gear components
COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to
1. Comprehend the circuit analysis techniques using various circuital laws and theorems.
2. Analyse the parameters of the given coil and measurement of power and energy in AC circuits
3. Determine the turns ration/performance parameters of single-phase transformer
4. Infer the characteristics of DC shunt motor different tests.
5. Illustrate different parts and their function of electrical components, equipment and machines.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO 1 3 2 2 - - 2 2 - - - - 2
CO 2 3 2 1 - - 1 2 - - - - 2
CO 3 3 2 3 - - 2 2 - - - - 2
CO 4 3 2 2 - - 2 2 - - - - 2
CO 5 3 2 3 - - 2 2 - - - - 2

LIST OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS/DEMONSTRATIONS:

1. Verification of KCL and KVL.

2. Verification of Thevenin's theorem.
3. Verification of Norton's theorem.
4. Charging and discharging of Capacitor.
5. Determination of parameters of a choke or coil by Wattmeter Method.
6. Power factor improvement of single-phase AC System.
7. Active and Reactive Power measurement of a single-phase system using
(i) 3-Ammeter method (ii) 3-Voltmeter method
8. Measurement of 3-Phase Power in a balanced system
9. Calibration of single-phase energy meter.
10. Verification of Turns/voltage ratio of single-phase Transformer.
11. Open Circuit and Short Circuit tests on a given single phase Transformer
12. Brake test on DC Shunt Motor
13. Speed control of DC Shunt Motor
14. Demonstration of Measuring Instruments and Electrical Lab components.
15. Demonstration of Low-Tension Switchgear Equipment/Components
16. Demonstration of cut - out section of Machines like DC Machine, Induction Machine etc.
Note: TEN experiments to be conducted to cover all five Course Outcomes.

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With effect from the Academic Year 2024-25

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

(In line with AICTE Model Curriculum with effect from AY 2024-25)

B.TECH. BIOTECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER –II
Scheme of Scheme of Examination
Instruction
S. Course Duration Maximum
Title of the Course Hours per Credits
No Code of SEE Marks
Week
L T P/D in Hours CIE SEE
THEORY
1 22MTC06/ Mathematics-II/
22BTC02N Basics of Biology-II 3 1 0 3 40 60 4

2 22PYC07 Physics 3 0 0 3 40 60 3
3 22CEC01N Engineering Mechanics 3 1 0 3 40 60 4
4 22EGC01N English 2 0 0 3 40 60 2
PRACTICAL

5 22PYC10 Physics Lab 0 0 3 3 50 50 1.5

6 22EGC02N English lab 0 0 2 3 50 50 1

7 22MEC01N Engineering Graphics 0 1 3 3 50 50 2.5

8 22MEC38n Digital Fabrication Workshop 0 0 3 3 50 50 1.5

TOTAL 11 3 11 24 360 440 19.5

L: Lecture T: Tutorial D: Drawing

P: Practical CIE-Continuous Internal Evaluation SEE-Semester End Examination

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22MTC06
MATHEMATICS-II
(Biotech BiPC Stream)

Instruction 3 L+1T Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To discuss the basic operations in Vector Algebra.
2. To discuss Physical interpretations on Scalars and vector functions.
3. To explain various methods of partial fractions.
4. To explain various techniques of integration.
5. To discuss the solutions of first order differential equations.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Apply the basic operations on Scalar and Vectors.
2. Apply the vector differential operators to Scalars and Vector functions.
3. Solve partial fractions by various methods.
4. Evaluate definite and indefinite Integral.
5. Solve the first order ordinary differential equations.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - 1 1 -
CO2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 1 -
CO3 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 1 -
CO4 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - 2 1 -
CO5 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - 1 1 -

UNIT-I
Vector Algebra: Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, angle between two non-zero vectors,
linear combination of vectors, component of vectors in three dimensions, scalar product geometrical
interpretations, orthogonal projections, properties of dot product, angle between two vectors, vector
product of two vectors and properties, scalar triple product, vector triple product.

UNIT-II
Vector Differential Calculus: Definitions, scalar and vector point functions, vector differential
operator, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Solenoidal and Irrotational vectors, properties of
gradient, d i v e r g e n c e and curl (vector identities)

UNIT-III
Partial Fractions: Resolving f(x)/g(x) into partial fractions, g(x) contains non repeated linear factors,
g(x) contains repeated and non-repeated linear factors, g(x) contains non repeated irreducible factors,
g(x) contains repeated and not repeated irreducible factors.

UNIT-IV
Integration: Simple integrations of algebraic, trigonometric and exponential functions. Methods of

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integration, integration by parts, integration of rational, irrational and Trigonometric functions,

definite integrals.

UNIT-V
Differential Equations: Formation of Differential equations, Solutions of first order and first degree
differential Equations, Variable Separable, Homogeneous, Linear, Bernoulli and Exact differential
Equations.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Shanti Narayan, “Vector Calculus”, S.Chand Publishers, 2003.
2. B.S.Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 43rd edition, Khanna Publishers, 2014.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. William E. Boyce, Richard C. Diprima, “Elementary differential equations”, 9th Edition, Wiley
Publishers, 2008.
2. Joseph Edwards, “Differential Calculus For Beginners”, Arihant publishers, 2016.

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22BTC02N
BASICS OF BIOLOGY -II
(For MPC Stream of Bio-Tech)

Instruction 3 L+1T Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To impart theoretical knowledge on animal cells, tissues their types, and level of organization
2. To provide knowledge on basic concepts of Biology and the basis of animal kingdom
classification.
3. To provide knowledge on various parasites, lifecycles, and diseases caused by them.
4. To impart knowledge on ecology, environment, and biotic interactions in nature
5. To give an insight into genes, chromosomes, blood grouping system, and gene expression

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, students will be able to

1. Identify the basic structure, and function of various animal cell organelles, level of
organization, and types of tissues in animals.
2. Explains nomenclature and the animal kingdom classification with its characteristic features.
3. Identify and explain the lifecycles, diseases, treatment, and preventive measures of human
pathogens.
4. Outline population ecology, various biotic and abiotic environmental factors of ecosystem.
5. Define the concept of genes, alleles, chromosomes, blood grouping system, and gene expression.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1
CO2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 2 -
CO3 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 3 3 -
CO4 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 2 2 -
CO5 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 -

UNIT-I
Animal Cell, Tissues, and Level of Organization: Structure of animal cell and its organelles.
Differences between plant and animal cells. Level of organization, multicellularity, diploblastic and
triploblastic conditions. Asymmetry, symmetry: radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry.
Acoelomates, pseudo coelomates, and coelomates in brief. Animal tissues structure and functions.
Different types of animal tissues and their functions. Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous
tissues in brief

UNIT-II
Animal Kingdom Classification: Classification of animal kingdom. Phylogeny of invertebrate and
vertebrate phyla. Salient features of non-chordates up to phyla, and chordates up to class level.
Binomial and trinomial nomenclature. Concept of species and genus.

UNIT-III
Parasitology: Parasitism and Parasitic Adaptation: Health and disease: introduction, life cycle,

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pathogenicity, treatment, and prevention; Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodium vivax, Ascaris

lumbricoides, and Wuchereria bancrofti. Brief account of pathogenicity, treatment, and prevention of
typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, and ringworm.

UNIT--IV
Ecology and Environment: Levels of biological hierarchy, Organism and environment, habitat
and niche. Abiotic environmental factors light, temperature, water and soil. Population and
ecological adaptations, population attributes: growth, birth and death rate, sex ratio, age
distributions, Population density. Population growth models, Biotic & environmental factors
interactions: competition, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, predation & amensalism.

UNIT-V
Genetics: Structure and functions of DNA, Chromosome; Concept of gene and alleles, multiple
alleles, ABO blood groups. Sex chromosomes, Sex-linked inheritance. Central Dogma,
Characteristics of genetic code, Gene expression and regulation: transcription, translation, and
regulation in prokaryotes (lac operon) and eukaryotes.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Campbell, N.A., Reece, J.B., Urry, Lisa, Cain, ML., Wasserman, S.A., Minorsky, P.V.,
Jackson, R.B. Biology: A Global 11th edition, Pearson Education Ltd. (2017)
2. Beginning Science: Biology. B.S. Beckett. Oxford University Press.1st edition, 1983.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Barnes, R.S.K., Calow, P., Olive, P.J.W., Golding, D.W. & J.I., Spicer Invertebrates: A
New Edition, Blackwell Science (2002)
2. K Vaidhyanath, K Pratap Reddy and K Sathya Prasad, to Applied Biology and BS Publications,
India, 2004.

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22PYC07
PHYSICS
(BIOTECH & CHEMICAL)

Instruction 3L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 hours
SEE 60Marks
CIE 40Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Learn the basic concepts of wave nature of light
2. Know about the properties of magnetic and dielectric materials
3. Understand the basics of nanomaterials
4. Familiarize with fundamental ideas of quantum mechanics

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Demonstrate the physical properties of the light.
2. Find the applications of lasers and optical fibers in engineering and technology.
3. Identify different types of magnetic and dielectric materials.
4. Recall the fundamentals of nanomaterials.
5. Apply the ideas of quantum mechanics for related problems

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO
CO1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2
CO2 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2
CO3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
CO4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2
CO5 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2

UNIT-I
Wave Optics: Huygen’s principle–Superposition of waves –Interference of light by splitting of
wave front and amplitude–Fresnel’s biprism–Interference in thin films (reflected light) –
Newton’s rings –Fraunhofer diffraction from a single slit – Double slit diffraction–Concept of N-
slits–Diffraction grating and its resolving power. Polarization: Introduction–Malus’s law–Double
refraction –Nicol’s prism–Quarter-wave plate and half-wave plate–Optical activity– Laurent’s
half shade polarimeter.

UNIT-II
Lasers: Characteristics of lasers– Einstein’s coefficients–Amplification of light by population
inversion– Ruby laser– He-Ne laser– Semiconductor laser–Applications of lasers in engineering
and medicine.
Fiber Optics: Introduction–Construction–Principle–Propagation of light through an optical fiber
–Numerical aperture and acceptance angle – Step-index and graded-index fibers –Pulse
dispersion –Fiber losses –Fiber optic communication system –Applications.

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UNIT-III
Dielectric Materials: Introduction: Dielectric polarization Types of dielectric polarization:
electronic & ionic polarizations (quantitative); orientation & space-charge polarizations
(qualitative) Frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric polarization–Determination of
dielectric constant (Schering bridge method) Ferroelectricity Barium titanate Applications of
ferroelectrics.
Magnetic Materials: Origin of magnetism Magnetic moment - Bohr magneton Classification of
magnetic materials: dia, para, ferro, anti-ferro and ferrimagnetic materials Weiss molecular field
theory Domain theory Hysteresis curve Soft and hard magnetic materials–Applications.

UNIT-IV
Nanomaterials: Properties of materials at reduced size–Surface to volume ratio–Quantum
confinement–Preparation of nanomaterials: bottom-up approach (sol-gel method) and top-down
approach (ball-milling method)–Elementary ideas of carbon nanotubes–Applications of
nanomaterials.

UNIT-V
Quantum Mechanics: Introduction–Planck’s’ law of black body radiation – Wien’s law and
Rayleigh-Jean’s law from Planck’s law – Photoelectric effect – Compton effect –de-Broglie
hypothesis –Wave-particle duality –Physical significance of ψ –Born’s interpretation of the wave
function –Verification of matter waves by Davisson-Germer’s experiment –Uncertainty principle
– Schrodinger wave equation (time-dependent and time-independent) –Particle in infinite square
well potential.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B. K. Pandey and S. Chaturvedi, Engineering Physics, Cengage Publications, 2012.
2. M. N. Avadhanulu and P. G. Kshirsagar, A Text Book of Engineering Physics, S. Chand
Publications, 2014.
3. M. Arumugam, Materials Science, Anuradha Publications, 2015.
4. S. L. Gupta and Sanjeev Gupta, Modern Engineering Physics, Dhanpat Rai Publications, 2011.

SUGGESTD READING:
1. R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, Modern Physics S. Chand Publications, 2014.
2. V. Rajendran, Engineering Physics, McGraw-Hill Education Publications, 2013.
3. P.K. Palanisamy, Engineering Physics, Scitech Publications, 2012.
4. V. Raghavan, Materials Science and Engineering, Prentice Hall India Learning Private
Limited; 6th Revised
edition, 2015.

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22CEC01N
ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Instruction 3L+1T Periods per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 4

Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Calculate the components and resultant of coplanar forces system and Draw free body
diagrams to analyze the forces in the given structure
2. Understand the mechanism of friction and can solve friction problems
3. Analyse simple trusses for forces in various members of a truss.
4. Determine the centroid of plane areas, composite areas and centres of gravity of bodies.
5. Determine moments of inertia of plane and composite areas.
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO2 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO3 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO4 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO5 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -

UNIT-I
Resolution and Resultant of Force System: Basic concepts of a force system. Components of forces
in a plane. Resultant of coplanar concurrent force system. Moment of a force, couple and their
applications. Resultant of coplanar non-concurrent force system Equilibrium of force system: Free
body diagrams, equations of equilibrium of planar force systems and its applications. Problems on
general case of coplanar force systems.

UNIT-II
Theory of friction: Introduction, types of friction, laws of friction, application of friction to a single
body & connecting systems. Wedge friction.

UNIT-III
Analysis of Simple Trusses: Introduction to trusses, Assumptions, analysis of simple trusses using
method of joints and method of sections.

UNIT-IV
Centroid: Significance of centroid, moment of area, centroid of line elements, plane areas, composite
areas, theorems of Pappu’s & its applications. Center of gravity of elementary and composite bodies.

UNIT-V
Moment of Inertia: Definition of Moment of Inertia, Area Moment of Inertia, Polar Moment of
Inertia, Radius of gyration, Transfer theorem, Moment of Inertia of elementary & composite areas.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. K. Vijay Kumar Reddy and J. Suresh Kumar, Singer’s Engineering Mechanics, BS Publications,
Hyderabad, 2011.
2. Ferdinand L Singer, Engineering Mechanics, Harper and Collins, Singapore, 1904.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. S. Rajashekaran & G. Sankarasubramanyam, Engineering Mechanics, Vikas publications,
Hyderabad, 2002.
2. Basudeb Bhattacharyya, Engineering Mechanics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2008.
3. A K Tayal, Engineering Mechanics, Umesh Publications, New Delhi, 2010.

E RESOURCES:

1. https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/112/106/112106286/
2. https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/112/106/112106180/

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22EGC01N
ENGLISH
(BE/B.Tech - Common to all Branches)

Instruction 2L Hours per Week

Duration of Semester End Examination 3 Hours
Semester End Examination 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 2

Prerequisite: Basic knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary.

Course Objectives: The course is taught with the objectives of enabling the students to:
1. Improve their understanding of communication skills while developing their usage of English for
correct use of grammar and vocabulary.
2. Equip themselves with Reading Comprehension strategies and techniques.
3. Enhance their writing skills through paragraphs, précis and essays by using devices of cohesion and
coherence.
4. Build appropriate, longer meaningful sentences for professional writing through formal letters and
e-mails.
5. Demonstrate knowledge of drafting formal reports to define, describe and classify the processes by
following a proper structure.

Course Outcomes: After successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
1. Step-up the awareness of correct usage of English grammar and vocabulary by speaking fluently
and comprehensively with a grip on communication skills.
2. Apply effective reading techniques through critical reading exercises to enhance quality of life and
to support lifelong learning.
3. Develop their ability to write paragraphs independently on any context with cohesion, edit essays
coherently while realizing brevity through précis writing.
4. Construct sentences clearly and comprehensively to write effective business letters and draft emails
for a better professional communication.
5. Advance efficiency in writing, distinguish formal from informal reports and demonstrate advanced
writing skills by drafting formal reports.

CO PO Articulation Matrix

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3
CO2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 3
CO3 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 3 1 3
CO4 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
CO5 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 3

UNIT-I Communication Skills:

Introduction, nature and importance of communication; Process of communication; Types of
communication: verbal and non-verbal; Barriers to communication; Intrapersonal, Interpersonal
communication; Understanding Johari Window.
Vocabulary & Grammar: The concept of Word Formation - Root words, Use of prefixes and
suffixes to form derivatives, Standard abbreviations. Basic Sentences.
Reading Task I.

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UNIT-II Reading Skills:

The Reading process, purpose, different kinds of texts; Reading Comprehension; Techniques of
comprehension – skimming, scanning, drawing inferences and conclusions. Practice in Critical
Reading passages
Vocabulary and Grammar: Determiners. Use of Synonyms and Antonyms, Construction of
Sentences.
Reading Task II.

UNIT-III Writing Skills II:

Paragraph Writing. – Structure and features of a paragraph; Essay writing, Cohesion and coherence.
Techniques of writing précis.
Vocabulary & Grammar: Use of connectors and linkers, Tenses, Punctuation.
Reading Task III.

UNIT-IV Professional Writing Skills-1:

Letter Writing – Structure, format of a formal letter; Letter of Request and Response, Drafting Emails,
Email and Mobile etiquette.
Vocabulary and Grammar: Phrasal verbs, Misplaced modifiers, Subject-verb agreement.
Reading Task IV

UNIT-V Professional Writing Skills-2:

Report writing – Importance, structure, elements & style of formal reports; Writing a formal report.
Writing for Blogs.
Vocabulary and Grammar: Words often Confused, Common Errors. Avoiding Ambiguity &
Redundancy.
Reading Task V.

Text Books:
1. Sanjay Kumar & Pushp Lata, “English Language and Communication Skills for Engineers”,
Oxford University Press,2018.
2. Language and Life: A Skills Approach”, Board of Editors, 2018 th Edition, Orient Black Swan,
2018.

Suggested Readings:
1. Ashraf, M Rizvi, “Effective Technical Communication”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2006.
3. Michael Swan, “Practical English Usage”, Oxford University Press, 4 th Edition,2016.
4. Meenakshi Raman and Sangeetha Sharma, “Technical Communication: Principles and Practice”
3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2015.

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22PYC10
PHYSICS LAB
(BIOTECH & CHEMICAL)

Instruction 3 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Apply theoretical physics knowledge in doing experiments
2. Understand the behaviour of the light experimentally
3. Analyze the physical properties of magnetic and dielectric materials
4. Familiarize with motion of electrons in electric and magnetic fields

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Interpret the errors in the results of an experiment.
2. Demonstrate the wave nature of light experimentally
3. Utilize physical properties of magnetic and dielectric materials for various applications
4. Make use of lasers and optical fibers for engineering applications
5. Explain light induced phenomenon and motion of electrons in electric and magnetic fields

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2 2 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 1 2
CO2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 3
CO3 3 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 1 2
CO4 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 3
CO5 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Error Analysis : Estimation of errors in the determination of time period of a torsional

pendulum
2. Fresnel’s Biprism: Determination of wavelength of given monochromatic source
3. Newton’s Rings : Determination of wavelength of given monochromatic source
4. Single Slit Diffraction: Determination of wavelength of given monochromatic source
5. Malus’s Law : Verification of Malus’s law
6. Diffraction Grating: Determination of wavelengths of two yellow lines of light of mercury
lamp
7. Malus’s Law: Verification of Malus’s law
8. Double Refraction: Determination of refractive indices of O-ray and E-ray of given
calcite crystal
9. Polarimeter: Determination of specific rotation of glucose
10. Lase : Determination of wavelength of given semiconductor laser
11. Optical Fiber: Determination of numerical aperture and power losses of given
optical fiber
12. Dielectric constant: Determination of dielectric constant of given PZT sample

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13. M & H Values : Determination of magnetic moment M of a bar magnet and absolute
value H of horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field
14. B-H curve: Determination of hysteresis loss of given specimen
15. Planck’s constant: Determination of Planck’s constant using photo cell
16. e/m of an Electron: Determination of specific charge of an electron by J.J. Thomson
method

NOTE: A minimum of TWELVE experiments should be done

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22EGC02N
ENGLISH LAB
(BE/B.Tech - Common to all Branches)

Instruction 2 P Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

Prerequisite: Basic Knowledge of English Communication.

Course Objectives: This course will introduce the students
1. To nuances of Phonetics and give them sufficient practice in correct pronunciation through
computer-aided multi-media instruction.
2. To the significance and application of word and sentence stress and intonation.
3. To sufficient practice in listening to English spoken by educated English speakers in different
socio-cultural and professional settings.
4. To reading and speaking activities enabling them to critically interpret and respond to
different texts and contexts, and produce speech with clarity and confidence.
5. To team work, role behaviour while developing their ability to use language appropriately, to
discuss in groups and make presentations.

Course Outcomes: After successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
1. Define the speech sounds in English and understand the nuances of pronunciation in English.
2. Produce speech with clarity and confidenceusing correct word and sentence stress, and
intonation.
3. Achieve improved ability to listen, understand, analyse, and respond to English spoken in
various settings.
4. Read, interpret, and review a variety of written texts, contexts, and perform appropriately in
different situations.
5. Design effective posters collaboratively through creative decisions, give presentations, and
efficiently participate in Group discussions.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 - - - - - - - 1 1 2 1 3
CO2 - - - - - 1 - 1 2 1
2 3
CO3 - - - - - 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
CO4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 3
CO5 - 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 3

Exercises
Computer-Aided Language Learning Lab
1. Introduction to English Phonetics: Introduction to English Phonetics and organs of speech.
2. Sound system of English: Speech sounds- Vowels andConsonants- structure of syllables
(Introduction to syllables) - Basic phonetictranscription practice.

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3. Word and Sentence stress: Rules of word stress -Primary stress, Secondary stress; Sentence
stress (word emphasis in sentences) -Practice.
4. Intonation:Types of Intonation, Practice in Articulation – MTI-Errors in pronunciation.
5. Listening skills: understanding Listening- Practice in Listening comprehension texts.
Interactive Communication Skills Lab
1. JAM- Ice Breaking, Speaking Activity.
2. Role play/Public speaking – Speaking with confidence and clarity in different contexts on
various issues.
3. GroupDiscussions - Dynamics of a Group Discussion, Group Discussion Techniques,Non-
Verbal Communication.
4. Read and Review - Preparation for active reading and instructing the students to cultivate
effective reading habits to read select texts, review and write their responses.
5. Poster presentation – Theme, poster preparation, team work and presentation.

Text Books:
1. T Balasubramanian, “A Textbook of English Phonetics for Indian Students”, Macmillan, 2nd
Edition, 2012.
2. J Sethi et al., “A Practical Course in English Pronunciation (with CD)”, Prentice Hall India,
2005.
3. Priyadarshi Patnaik, “Group Discussions and Interview Skills”, Cambridge University Press
Pvt. Ltd., 2nd Edition, 2015.
4. Aruna Koneru, “Professional Speaking Skills”, Oxford University Press, 2018.

Suggested Reading:
1. “English Language Communication Skills – Lab Manual cum Workbook”, Cengage Learning
India Pvt. Ltd., 2022.
2. KN Shoba& J. Lourdes Javani Rayen.“Communicative English – A workbook”, Cambridge
University Press, 2019.
3. Sanjay Kumar& Pushp. Lata. “Communication Skills: A Workbook. Oxford University
Press”, 2019.
4. Veerendra Mishra et al. “English Language Skills: A Practical Approach”, Cambridge
University Press, 2020.

Suggested Software:
1. K-VAN Multi-Media Language Lab
2. TOEFL & GRE (KAPLAN, AARCO & BARRONS, USA, Cracking GRE by CLIFFS).
3. Digital All
4. Orell Digital Language Lab (Licensed Version).

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22MEC01N
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

Instruction 1 T + 3 D Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3Hours
SEE 50Marks
CIE 50Marks
Credits 2.5

Prerequisite: Nil

Course Objectives: This course aims to

1. Get exposure to a cad package and its utility.
2. Understand orthographic projections.
3. Visualize different solids and their sections in orthographic projection
4. Prepare the student to communicate effectively by using isometric projection.
5. Prepare the student to use the techniques, skills, and modern tools necessary for practice.

Course Outcomes: upon completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Become conversant with appropriate use of CAD software for drafting and able to draw conic
sections.
2. Understand orthographic projections of points and straight lines.
3. Draw the projections of planes.
4. Draw and analyze the internal details of solids through sectional views.
5. Create an isometric projections and views.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO
CO1 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 3 2 1 2
CO2 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
CO3 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
CO4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
CO5 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2

LIST OF EXERCISES:
1. Introduction to CAD package: Settings draw, modify tools, dimensioning, documentation and
practice exercises using Auto CAD software.
2. Construction of Conic Sections by General method.
3. Orthographic projection: Principles, conventions, Projection of points
4. Projection of straight lines: Simple position, inclined to one plane & inclined to both the planes
(without traces and mid-point)
5. Projection of planes: Perpendicular planes
6. Projection of planes: Oblique planes
7. Projection of solids: Simple position
8. Projection of solids: Inclined to one plane
9. Sections of solids: Prism, pyramid in simple position
10. Sections of solids: Cone and Cylinder in simple position

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11. Isometric projections and views

12. Conversion of isometric views to orthographic projections and vice-versa.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. N.D.Bhatt, “Elementary Engineering Drawing”, Charotar Publishers, 2012.
2. K.Venugopal, “Engineering Drawing and Graphics + AutoCAD”, New Age International
Pvt.Ltd, 2011.
3. Basanth Agrawal and C M Agrawal, “Engineering Drawing”, 2/e, McGraw-Hill Education (India)
Pvt. Ltd.
SUGGESTED READING:
1. Shaw M.B and Rana B.C., “Engineering Drawing”, 2/e, Pearson, 2009.
2. K.L. Narayana and P.K. Kannaiah, “Text Book of Engineering Drawing”, Scitech Publications,
2011.

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22MEC38N
DIGITAL FABRICATION WORKSHOP

Instruction 3P Hours per

week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5

Prerequisite: Nil
Course Objectives: This course aims to:
1. Give a feel of Engineering Practices and develop holistic understanding of various
Engineering materials and Manufacturing processes.
2. Develop skills of manufacturing, safety, precision, quality, intelligent effort, optimization,
positive and team work attitude to get things right the first time.
3. Provide basic knowledge of steel, plastic, composite, and other materials for suitable
applications.
4. Study of principle and hands on practice on techniques of fabrication, manufacturing, and
allied skills.
5. Advance important, hard and pertinent soft skills, productivity, create skilled manpower
which is cognizant of industrial workshop components and processes and can communicate
their work in a technical, clear and effective way.

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to

1. Understand safety measures to be followed in workshop to avoid accidents.
2. Identify various tools used in carpentry, house wiring and plumbing.
3. Make a given model by using workshop trades like carpentry, plumbing, House wiring and 3d
modeling using solid works software for Additive Manufacturing.
4. Perform pre-processing operations on STL files for 3D printing, also understand reverse
engineering process.
5. Conceptualize and produce simple device/mechanism of their choice.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CO2 1 1 1
CO3 1 1 1 1
CO4 1 1 1 1
CO5 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 2

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Lab Experiments

Group 1: Workshop Practice

1. To make a lap joint on the given wooden piece according to the given dimensions
2. To make a dovetail joint on the given wooden piece according to the given dimensions.
3. (a)Wiring of one light point controlled by one single pole switch, a threepin socket controlled
by a single switch
4. (b)Wiring of two light points connected in series and controlled by single pole switch. Verify
the above circuit with
5. different bulbs. Wiring of two light points connected in parallel from two single pole switches
and a threepin socket.
6. Stair case wiring Wiring of one light point controlled from two different places independently
using two 2way switches.
7. To make external threads for GI pipes using die and connect the GI pipes as per the given
diagram using taps, couplings, and bends.
8. To connect the GI pipes as per the given diagram using, Coupling, Unions, reducers, and
bends. To connect the GI pipes as per the given diagram using shower, tap, and valves and
demonstrate by giving water connection.

Group 2: Additive Manufacturing /3D Printing

1. To Study the methods of Additive manufacturing process using a 3D printer.
2. To create a 3D CAD model of a door bracket using a modelling software.
3. To print a door bracket using an extruder type 3D printer.
4. To create a 3D CAD model using Reverse engineering.
5. Engraving, Drilling and Cutting operations on printed circuit boards using CNC PCB Mate.
6. To design an innovative component using the CAD software./print the selected innovative
component by the student using a 3D printer.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Hajra Choudhury S.K., Hajra Choudhury A.K. and Nirjhar Roy S.K., “Elements of
Workshop Technology”, Vol. I, 2008 and Vol. II, Media promoters and publishers private
limited, Mumbai, 2010.
2. Kalpakjian S. And Steven S. Schmid, “Manufacturing Engineering and Technology”, 4th
edition, Pearson Education India Edition, 2002.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Gowri P. Hariharan and A. Suresh Babu, “Manufacturing Technology.
2. Oliver Bothmann, 3D Printers: A Beginner’s Guide, January 1, 2015.

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With effect from the Academic Year 2025-26

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

(In line with AICTE Model Curriculum with effect from AY 2025-26)

B. TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER-III

Scheme of
Scheme of Examination
Instruction
S. Course
Title of the Course Maximu Credits
No Code Hours Per Duration of
m
week SEE in
Marks
Hours
L T P CIE SEE
THEORY
Data Structures Using
1 22ITC22N 2 - - 3 40 60 2
Python
Process Principles and
2 22BTC03 Reaction Engineering 3 - - 3 40 60 3
3 22BTC04 Biochemistry 3 - - 3 40 60 3
4 22BTC05 Microbiology 3 - - 3 40 60 3
5 22BTC06 Cell and Molecular Biology 3 - - 3 40 60 3
6 22BTC07 Genetics 3 - - 3 40 60 3
Non-
7 22CEM01 Environmental Science 2 - - 2 - 50 credit
PRACTICALS
Data Structures Using
8 22CSC36 Python Lab - - 2 3 50 50 1
9 22BTC08 Biochemistry Lab - - 3 3 50 50 1.5
10 22BTC09 Microbiology Lab - - 3 3 50 50 1.5
3-4 weeks /
11 22BTI01 MOOCs/Internship - I - 50 - 2
90hrs
Total 20 - 6 390 610 23
Clock hours per week: 26

L: Lecture D: Drawing T: Tutorial P: Practical /Project Seminar/Dissertation CIE -

Continuous Internal Evaluation SEE - Semester End Examination

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22ITC22N
DATA STRUCTURES USING PYTHON

Instruction 2 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 2

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

1. Familiarize with the asymptotic analysis of Algorithms.
2. Learn sorting and search techniques.
3. Acquaint with OOP concepts.
4. Explore linear and nonlinear data structures.
5. Introduce hashing.

Course Outcomes: After completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Analyse the time complexity of operations on data structures..
2. Apply sorting techniques, search techniques and hashing.
3. Understand the concepts of OOPs.
4. Demonstrate operations on linear and nonlinear data structures.
5. Develop solutions to the problems using linear and nonlinear data structures.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - 1
CO2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - 1
CO3 2 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - 1
CO4 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - 1
CO5 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - 1

Prerequisites:
Problem Solving and Programming, Problem Solving and Programming Laboratory.

UNIT-I
Searching, Sorting, and Complexity Analysis: Measuring the Efficiency of Algorithms, Complexity
Analysis, Search Algorithms, Basic Sort Algorithms, Faster Sorting, An Exponential Algorithm:
Recursive Fibonacci

UNIT-II
Arrays: The Array Data Structure, Operations on Arrays, Two-Dimensional Arrays
Linked Structures: Linked Structures, Operations on Singly Linked Structures, Variations on a Link
Interfaces: Developing an Interface

UNIT-III
Inheritance and Abstract Classes: Using Inheritance to Customize an Existing Class, Using
Abstract Classes to Eliminate Redundant Code
Stacks: Overview of Stacks, Using a Stack, Three Applications of Stacks, Implementations of Stacks
Queues: Overview of Queues, The Queue Interface and Its Use, Two Applications of Queues,
Implementations of Queues
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UNIT-IV
Trees: An Overview of Trees, uses of trees, Shape of binary trees, Three Common Applications of
Binary Trees, Binary Tree Traversals, Develop a Binary Search Tree, Parsing and Expression Trees,
Hashing Strategies

UNIT-V
Graphs: Graph Terminology, Uses of Graphs, Representations of Graphs, Graph Traversals, Trees
Within Graphs, Topological Sort, The Shortest-Path Problem

Text Books:
1. Kenneth A. Lambart, “Fundamentals of Python: Data Structures”, Cengage Learning, 2014
2. Narasimha Karumanchi, “Data Structures and Algorithmic Thinking with Python”, Career
Monk Publications, 2016.
Suggested Reading:
1. Michael T Goodrich, Roberto Tomassia, Michael H Goldwasser, “Data Structures and
Algorithms in Python”, Wiley, 2013.
2. Yashavant Kanetkar and Aditya Kanetkar, “Let us Python”, Third Edition, 2021, BPB
Publications.

Online Resources:
1. NPTEL Videos: Introduction to data structures and algorithms -
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/106102064/1
2. https://takeuforward.org/strivers-a2z-dsa-course/strivers-a2z-dsa-course-sheet-2/
3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/learn-data-structures-and-algorithms-dsa-tutorial/
4. https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/Algorithms.html.
5. https://visualgo.net/en

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22BTC03
PROCESS PRINCIPLES AND REACTION ENGINEERING

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. The course aims to impart knowledge of the basic chemical engineering principles and
techniques used in analyzing a biochemical process.
2. The course aims to provide the students with an understanding of how to represent experimental
data in graphical form.
3. This course also aims to enable the students to evaluate material balances in different units.
4. The course aims at enabling the students to learn calculations regarding enthalpy and heat of
reactions
5. The course aims to impart knowledge of homogenous reactions and enhance skills to formulate
and analyze different types of reaction kinetics used in biochemical engineering.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Grasp the fundamentals of physical variables, dimensions, units, equations with dimensional
homogeneity, and measurement conventions, fostering their ability to apply these principles in
practical engineering scenarios.
2. Analyze and present experimental data using graphs, including understanding errors,
significant figures, statistics, and logarithmic coordinate graphs, while following proper
data plotting procedures.
3. Confidently compute material balances for biotech processes, applying principles to real
cases along with recycle, by-pass, and purge streams.
4. Solve enthalpy-related challenges in non-reactive and reactive scenarios, and apply energy
balance concepts to practical cases within biotechnology processes
5. To predict growth kinetics and analyze reaction kinetics for biological systems.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 3 3
CO2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 3 0 0 2 3
CO3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 1
CO4 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 1
CO5 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to Engineering calculations: Physical variables, Dimensions, and Units: Substantial
and Natural variables, Equations with and without Dimensional Homogeneity, Units and conversions;
SI and MKS system of Units; Measurement conventions, Density, Specific gravity, and Specific
volume. Concentration units for pure components, Moles, Chemical composition, Temperature,
Pressure, Standard conditions, and Ideal gases; Ideal gas law, Definition of Stoichiometry.

UNIT-II
Presentation and Analysis of Data: Presentation and Analysis of Data, Errors in Data and
Calculations, Significant Figures, Types of Error, Statistical Analysis, Presentation of Experimental

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Data, Data Analysis, Graph Paper with Logarithmic Coordinates, General Procedures for Plotting
Data.

UNIT-III
Material balances: Law of conservation of mass, Types of material balance problem, Simplification
of the general mass balance equation, Procedure for material balance calculations, material balance
worked examples; Continuous filtration, batch mixing, Continuous fermentation, Xanthum gum
production. Material balances with recycle, By-pass, and Purge streams.

UNIT-IV
Energy Balances: Basic Energy concepts, General energy balance equations, Enthalpy
calculation procedures, Enthalpy Change in Non-Reactive Processes, Procedure for Energy-
Balance Calculations without reaction, Enthalpy Change Due to Reaction, Heat of Reaction for
Processes with Biomass Production, Fermentation energy balance equation worked examples
(Ethanol fermentation and Citric acid production.

UNIT-V
Homogenous reactions: Basic reaction theory, Reaction; thermodynamics, Yield, Rate, Kinetics,
Effect of temperature on reaction rate. Calculation of Reaction rates from experimental data;
Average rate –Equal Area method. Mid-point slope method. General reaction kinetics for
biological systems; Zero order and first-order kinetics, Michaelis - Menten Kinetics. Cell Growth
Kinetics; Batch growth, balanced growth, Effect of Substrate concentration. Growth kinetics with
Plasmid Instability, Plasmid instability in batch culture.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Pauline M. Doran, 2013, Bio-process Engineering Principles, 2nd Edition, Academic Press.
2. Hougen and Watson K M and Ragatz R A, 1959, Chemical Process Principles, 2nd Edition,
Wiley.
3. Bhatt B I and S M Vora, Stoichiometry, 2006, 4th edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Chemical Reaction Engineering, Octave Leven Spiel, 3rd Edition, Wiley.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. David M. Himmelblau, James B. Riggs, “Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical
Engineering”, 8/e,
Prentice Hall, 2012.
2. James E Bailey, David F Ollis, “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals: Solutions
Manual” McGraw-Hill Education, 1979.
3. Harvey W Blanch, Douglas S Clark “Biochemical Engineering”, 1st Edition, 1997

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22BTC04
BIOCHEMISTRY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Students will learn the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
2. Students will learn the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
3. Students will learn the metabolism of different biomolecules.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Identify different biomolecule structures and describe the functions of various biomolecules.
2. Examine the energy yield from the catabolism of carbohydrates and explain the steps in
anabolism.
3. Evaluate the energy yield from lipids and reconstruct lipids.
4. Outline steps involved in catabolism and anabolism of proteins.
5. Summarize steps involved in catabolism and anabolism of nucleic acids.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 2
CO2 2 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 2
CO3 2 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 2
CO4 2 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 2
CO5 2 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 2

UNIT-I
Biomolecules: Introduction to biological buffers and its importance in biochemistry, pH, water,
Biomolecules: Carbohydrates classification; Classification and nomenclature of lipids; Amino acid
Classification and its structure, peptide bond structure; Proteins classification and biological functions;
Protein structure primary structure, secondary structure, super secondary structures, Ramachandran
Plot, tertiary and quaternary structure; Enzymes properties.

UNIT-II
Metabolism of Carbohydrates: Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis Preparatory phase and Payoff
phase, Substrate level Phosphorylation, regulation of glycolysis, HMP Shunt, Citric Acid Cycle,
anaplerotic reactions, Electron Transport System and Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mitchell’s
chemiosmotic hypothesis; Gluconeogenesis; Glycogen metabolism Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis.

UNIT-III
Metabolism of Lipids: Lipid Metabolism: β - Oxidation of saturated, unsaturated fatty acid;
Cholesterol Metabolism; Metabolic Pathways Biosynthesis of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids,
synthesis of Triglycerol; Metabolism of Phospholipids and Sphingolipids.

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UNIT-IV
Metabolism of Proteins: Amino acids metabolism Biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, Peptides;
Metabolic fate of Amino group; Nitrogen Excretion and Urea Cycle; Catabolism of aromatic and
branched-chain amino acids; Transamination, Oxidative Deamination, and Oxidative
Decarboxylation.

UNIT-V
Metabolism of Nucleic Acids: Structure of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nitrogenous bases; chemical
structure of DNA and RNA; Nucleic Acid Metabolism De nova synthesis of Purine and Pyrimidine,
salvage pathway, Ribonucleotides, synthesis of Deoxyribonucleotides; Degradation of Purine and
Pyrimidine Nucleotides.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. David Lee Nelson and Michael M. Cox, Lehninger, “Principles of Biochemistry”, 6 th Edition,
W.H. Freeman, 2013
2. Eric E.Conn, Paul K. Stumpf, George Bruening, Roy H. Doi, “Outlines of Biochemistry”, 5th
Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2006.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Donald Voet and Judith G. Voet, “Biochemistry”, 4th edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York,
2011.
2. Reginald Garrett and Charles Grisham, “Biochemistry”, 5th edition, Cengage Learning, 2012.
3. Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko and Lubert Stryer, “Biochemistry”, 6th edition, W.H.
Freeman and
Company, 2010.

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22BTC05
MICROBIOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Understand the historical perspectives of microbiology.
2. Describe the prokaryotic cell structure
3. Classification of different groups of microorganisms.
4. Concepts of culture media preparation sterilization techniques and microbial growth.
5. Describe the roles of microorganisms in human health.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Relate the contribution of various scientists in the development of microbiology
2. Classify microorganisms based on their characteristics
3. Apply the concept of culturing microorganisms aseptically
4. Explain various ecological aspects of microorganisms like diversity, distribution, specific
interactions, and the effect that they have on ecosystems
5. Illustrate the mechanisms for the propagation of infectious diseases caused by the microorganism

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 3 0 1 0 3 2 2
CO2 1 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 3 3 3
CO3 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 3 3 3
CO4 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 3 3 3
CO5 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 3 3 3

UNIT-I
History and Introduction to Microbiology: History and scope of microbiology, contributions of
Antony van Leuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Iwanowskii, Edward Jenner; prokaryotic cell
structure – plasma membranes, cytoplasmic matrix – inclusion bodies, ribosome, bacterial
chromosome and plasmids, cell wall, components external to cell wall – capsule, slime layer, pili,
fimbriae, flagella, bacterial endospores, and their formation.

UNIT-II
Classification of Microbial World: General and colony characters of major groups of microorganisms
- algae, fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and virus; Identification of microorganisms by major taxonomical
characteristics (morphological, physiological, ecological, cultural, metabolic/biochemical,
immunological, and genetic); Classification of microorganisms - Haeckel's three kingdom concept,
Whittaker's five kingdom concept, Three domain concept of Carl Woes.

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UNIT-III
Microbial Nutrition and Growth: Methods of culturing of microorganisms - culture media, (liquid,
semi-solid and solid media, synthetic media, and complex media), Isolation of pure cultures (streak,
spread, and pour plate methods); Concept of sterilization - methods and their application- physical
methods (heat, filtration and radiation), chemical methods (phenolics, alcohols, halogens, heavy
metals, dyes, quaternary ammonium compounds, aldehydes, gaseous
agents); Methods of preservation of microorganisms and their importance (Bacterial cultures);
Microbial growth - growth curve, mathematical expression of growth, measurement of microbial
growth (cell numbers and cell mass).

UNIT-IV
Microbial Ecology: Terrestrial Environment: Soil microflora, Aquatic Environment: Microflora of
Freshwater & Marine habitats, Extreme Habitats: Extremophiles: Microbes thriving at high & low
temperatures, pH, high hydrostatic & osmotic pressures, salinity. Microbe–Microbe Interactions
Mutualism, Synergism, Commensalism, Competition, Amensalism, Parasitism, Predation, Biocontrol
agents, key nutrient cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulphur. Overview of metagenomics.

UNIT-V
Microbiology and Human Health: Normal microbial flora, Pathogenic microbes and their diseases -
typhoid, T.B, syphilis, AIDS, Influenza. Food poisoning (Staphylococci, C. botulinum) Food
intoxication. Dynamics of infectious disease (Endemics, Epidemics, and Pandemics) and related case
studies.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Gerard Tortora, Berdell Funke, Christine Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair Pearson,
Microbiology: An Introduction; 13th edition (January 8, 2018)
2. Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, David A. Stahl, David P. Clark, Brock
Biology of Microorganisms, Publisher: Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co; 13th edition (17
December 2010)

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Powar C.B. and Daginawala H.F., “General Microbiology – Vol I & II”, 2nd edition, Himalaya
publishing house, 2005.
2. ArtiKapil, Ananthanarayan and Paniker‟s “Text book of Microbiology”, 9th edition, Orient
Blackswan, 2013.
3. Roger Y Stanier, “General Microbiology”, 5th edition, Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 1999.

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22BTC06
CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. The student is made to understand the basics of cell biology i.e., the concept of cellular
organelles and their functions.
2. Students are taught the structure of the cytoskeleton, and how it maintains the cell structure
integrity.
3. The student is made to understand the basics of molecular biology and the central dogma of the
genetic material

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Recognize the structure and functions of cell organelles.
2. Interpret the knowledge of the transport of metabolites and cell cycle checkpoints in their
experimental work.
3. Distinguish the organization and Replication of DNA, damages, and repairs.
4. Identify the structure and function of transcripts and the mechanism of transcription by RNA
polymerases.
5. Illustrate the mechanism of translation and post-translation mechanism.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 3 0 1 0 3 2 3
CO2 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 3 2 3
CO3 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 3 1 3
CO4 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 3 2 3
CO5 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 3 3 3

UNIT-I
Cell Structure, Organelles, and their Functions: Cell structure and organization in bacteria, plants,
and animal cells; structure and functions of the cell wall, lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi complex,
peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, centrioles;
cytoskeleton - composition, structure, and functions of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate
filaments; nucleus, its ultra-structure, (nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chromatin fibers).

UNIT-II
Membrane Transport and Cell Cycle: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic -Bio membrane – lipid
composition and structural organization, protein components and basic function, transport across the
membrane – passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport (Na+ /K+ Pump),
cotransport; uniport, antiport, symport. Cell cycle: Different phases of cell cycle; checkpoints of cell
cycle; Regulation of cell cycle - cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, cell- cell junctions, and

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Apoptosis.

UNIT-III
Organization, Replication, Damage and Repair of DNA: Structure of DNA–Watson and Crick’s
model; the role of histone and non-histone proteins in the structural organization of chromosomes;
telomere and its importance; DNA Replication: Experimental evidence, enzymology of replication,
complex replication apparatus; unidirectional, bi- directional and rolling circle replication; DNA
damage and repair: Types of DNA damages- deamination, alkylation, pyrimidine dimers; DNA Repair
mechanisms- photo reactivation, Excision repair & mismatch repair.

UNIT-IV
Mechanism of Transcription: Structure of promoters- RNA polymerases of the prokaryotic and
eukaryotic organism; transcription- initiation, elongation, and termination; post-transcriptional
processes of eukaryotic RNA: structure and functions of RNA - (rRNA, mRNA, tRNA, snRNA),
prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Processing of tRNA, rRNA, mRNA splicing; the
concept of ribozyme, inhibitors of transcription.

UNIT-V
Mechanism of Translation: Ribosome- structural features; features of genetic code, wobble
hypothesis; protein synthesis: translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes- initiation of translation,
elongation of a polypeptide chain, termination of translation; Post translation modification, Gene
regulation by enhancers and silencers, inhibitors of protein synthesis.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert Hausman, “The cell: A molecular approach”, 6th edition,
Sinauer Associates, 2013.
2. Gerald Karp, “Cell and Molecular Biology”: concepts and experiments, 6th edition, John Wiley
& Sons, 2009.
3. David Freifelder, “Molecular Biology,” 2nd edition, Narosa Publication, 2007.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Rastogi S.C., “Cell and Molecular Biology”, 2nd edition, New Age International, 2006.
2. Benjamin Lewin, Jocelyn Krebs, Elliott Goldstein, Stephen T. Kilpatrick, “Lewin’s
Genes XI,” Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2014.

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22BTC07
GENETICS

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To enable students to understand the basic concepts of genetics and inheritance of characteristics.
2. To impart knowledge of the structure of chromosomes, aberrations, mutations, and their causes.
3. To enlighten about consequences of linkage, crossing over, sex determination, and sex liked
disorders.
4. To provide an insight into maternal inheritance and quantitative genetics.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Estimate the laws of inheritance and gene interactions.
2. Illustrate the types of chromosomes, structure, aberrations, and mutations.
3. Predict and map the organization of genes due to the linkage and crossing-over mechanism.
4. Categorize sex determination, the chromosomal basis of genetic disorders, and sex-linked genes.
5. Illustrate maternal inheritance genotypic frequencies in a population and categorical data
analysis.
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CO2 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 2
CO3 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 2
CO4 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
CO5 2 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 2

UNIT-I
Physical Basis of Heredity: Definitions; Genotype, phenotype, Heredity, Variations, Gene
and Alleles, Back cross, Test cross; Mendel’s laws of inheritance – segregation, independent
assortment, modification of Mendelian principles: Dominance and recessive genes, co-dominance,
incomplete dominance, Gene and Alleles, multiple alleles; coat color in rabbits and Blood groups.
Gene interactions, epistatic interactions, pleiotropism. Lethal alleles, Penetrance (complete &
incomplete), Expressivity, Pleiotropy, and Phenocopy.

UNIT-II
Chromosome Structure and Aberrations: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome; chromosomal
aberrations- structural aberrations (deletions, duplication, inversion, and translocation), numerical
aberrations (aneuploidy, euploidy, auto polyploidy, and allopolyploidy). Mutations – spontaneous,
induced; physical and chemical mutagens; lethal mutation (characteristics and types), AMES test,
applications of mutations.

UNIT-III
Linkage and Crossing Over: Concept of linkage and crossing over, the cytological basis of
crossing over (in Drosophila and Maize), factors affecting recombination frequency, linkage

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maps; mechanism of recombination – model involving single-strand breaks and double-strand

break in DNA duplex, the significance of Crossing over. Two- point and three-point test cross.
Interference.

UNIT-IV
Sex Determination, Sex-Linked and Genetic Disorders: Sex chromosomes, sex determination
mechanism Chromosomal: XX-XY, XX-XO, ZZ-ZW; Genic balance theory, Environmental,
Hormonal and molecular basis. Y chromosome in Melandrium. Gynandromorphs. Dosage
compensation: Maryleon’s hypothesis; Inheritance of X- linked genes, sex-influenced traits in human
beings. Garrod’s inborn errors of metabolism.

UNIT-V
Extra Chromosomal Inheritance and Quantitative Genetics: Extra chromosomal inheritance
– the inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, maternal inheritance (CMS, Mirabilis
jalapa). Transgressive segregation, quantitative characters, Gene frequency, gene pool, Hardy-
Weinberg Law, equilibrium, Fitness and selection Goodness of fit Chi-square-test.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Gardner, E. J., Simmons, M. J., Snustad, D. P. and Snustad, “Principles of Genetics”, 8th
edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2008.
2. Singh, B.D. “Genetics - 3rd edition”, Kalyani Publications, 2004.
3. Snustad, D. Peter, Simmons Michael, “Principles of Genetics” 6th edition, John Wiley& Sons
publication, 2011.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Verma PS, Agrawal VK, “Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution, and
Ecology”. 9th edition, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2014.
2. Gupta PK, “Genetics”, 5th Rev Edition (2nd Reprint), Rastogi Publications, 2018.

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22CEM01

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (MANDATORY COURSE)

Instruction 2 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 2 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 0 Marks
Credits 0

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To equip the students with inputs on the environment, natural resources and their conservation.
2. To study the interrelationship between the living organisms and the natural environment
and also to enable the students to understand the structure and functioning of the
ecosystems.
3. To understand the importance of biodiversity and create awareness on its threats and
conservation strategies.
4. To enable the students become aware of pollution of various environmental segments
including their causes, effects, and control measures.
5. To create awareness about environmental legislations in the context of national
conventions.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Identify the natural resources and realise the importance of water, food, forest, mineral, energy,
land resources and effects of over utilisation.
2. Understand the concept of ecosystems and realise the importance of interlinking of food chains.
3. Contribute for the conservation of bio-diversity.
4. Suggest suitable remedial measure for the problems of environmental pollution and contribute
for the framing of legislation for protection of environment.
5. Follow the environmental ethics and contribute to the mitigation and management of
environmental disasters.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 - - - - - 3 - - - - 1 - 1
CO2 1 - - - - - 2 1 - - - 1 - 1
CO3 1 - - - - - 2 1 - - - 1 - 1
CO4 1 - - - - 1 2 1 - - - 1 - 1
CO5 1 - - - - 1 2 1 - - - 1 - 1
Average 1 - - - - 1 2.2 1 - - - 1 - 1

UNIT-I
Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and importance, need for public awareness.
Natural resources: Use and over utilization of Natural Resources - Water resources, Food
resources, Forest resources, Mineral resources, Energy resources, Land resources.

UNIT-II
Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem, structure and function of an ecosystem, role of producers,
consumers and decomposers, energy flow in an ecosystem, food chains, food webs, ecological
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pyramids, Nutrient cycling, Bio-geo chemical cycles, Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystems.

UNIT-III
Biodiversity: Genetic, species and ecosystem biodiversity, Bio-geographical classification of India,
India as a Mega diversity nation. Values of biodiversity, hot-spots of biodiversity, threats to
biodiversity, endangered and endemic species of India, methods of conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT-IV
Environmental Pollution: Cause, effects and control measures of air pollution, water pollution,
marine pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and Solid waste management, nuclear hazards
Environmental Legislations: Environment protection Act, Air, Water, Forest & Wild life Acts,
issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation, responsibilities of state and central
pollution control boards

UNIT-V
Social issues and the environment: Water conservation methods: Rain water harvesting and
watershed management, Environmental ethics, Sustainable development and Climate change: Global
warming, Ozone layer depletion, forest fires, and Contemporary issues.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Y. Anjaneyulu, “Introduction to Environmental Science”, B S Publications, 2004.
2. Suresh K. Dhameja, “Environmental Studies”, S. K. Kataria& Sons, 2009.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. C. S. Rao,” Environmental Pollution Control Engineering”, Wiley, 1991.
2. S. S. Dara, “A Text Book of Environmental Chemistry &Pollution Control”, S. Chand Limited,
2006

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22ITC23N
DATA STRUCTURES USING PYTHON LAB

Instruction 2 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

1. Learn sorting and search techniques.
2. Explore linear data structures.
3. Explore nonlinear data structures.
4. Acquaint with OOPs concept.
5. Explain hashing.

Course Outcomes: After completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Apply sorting and search techniques.
2. Illustrate the concepts of OOPs.
3. Demonstrate standard operations on linear and nonlinear data structures.
4. Apply hashing.
5. Develop solutions to the problems using linear and nonlinear data structures.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 2 - 1 - - - - - - 1
CO2 2 2 2 - 1 - - - - - - 1
CO3 2 2 2 - 1 - - - - - - 1
CO4 2 2 2 - 1 - - - - - - 1
CO5 2 2 2 - 1 - - - - - - 1

Prerequisites:
Problem Solving and Programming, Problem Solving and Programming Laboratory.

List of Programs
1. Implement Bubble sort, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort
2. Implement Merge Sort, Quick Sort and Binary Search
3. Practice programs using Classes and Interfaces
4. Practice Inheritance, Abstract Classes
5. Define Linked List ADT and implement its operations.
6. Implement Stack ADT and perform arithmetic expression evaluation.
7. Implement Queues, Circular Queues.
8. Construct a Binary Search Tree and implement Tree Traversals.
9. Implement Hashing.
10. Implement Graph Traversals.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Kenneth A. Lambart, “Fundamentals of Python: Data Structures”, Cengage Learning, 2014
2. Narasimha Karumanchi, “Data Structures and Algorithmic Thinking with Python”, Career
Monk Publications, 2016.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Michael T Goodrich, Roberto Tomassia, Michael H Goldwasser, “Data Structures and
Algorithms in Python”, Wiley, 2013.
2. Yashavant Kanetkar and Aditya Kanetkar, “Let us Python”, Third Edition, 2021, BPB
Publications.

Online Resources:
1. https://takeuforward.org/strivers-a2z-dsa-course/strivers-a2z-dsa-course-sheet-2/
2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/learn-data-structures-and-algorithms-dsa-tutorial/

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22BTC08
BIOCHEMISTRY LAB

Instruction 3 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Students will learn laboratory safety and standard operating procedures.
2. Students will learn how to estimate and analyze different biomolecules.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Apply the laboratory safety and standard operating procedures and prepare the solutions and
biological buffers.
2. Estimate and analyze carbohydrates by different methods.
3. Estimate and analyze amino acids and proteins by different methods.
4. Estimate and analyze lipids and compare the acid value, Saponification value, and iodine valve of
various lipids.
5. Estimate and analyze nucleic acids.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 3 2 1 3 2 3
CO2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 3 2 0 3 1 3
CO3 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 3 2 1 3 1 3
CO4 1 2 2 2 1 3 2 0 3 2 1 3 2 3
CO5 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 3 2 1 3 1 3

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Introduction to Biochemistry Lab: Units, Volume / Weight measurements, concentration units.
2. Preparation of Solutions – percentage solutions, molar solutions, normal solutions, and dilution
of stock solution.
3. Measurement of pH.
4. Preparation of buffers and reagents.
5. Estimation of Carbohydrates by Anthrone method.
6. Estimation of sugars from the given sample by DNS method. (Structured enquiry)
7. Estimation of Amino acids by Ninhydrin method.
8. Estimation of Proteins by Biuret method.
9. Estimation of Proteins by Lowry method.
10. Determination of Acid value, Saponification value, and Iodine Number of Fat.
11. Estimation of Cholesterol by Liebermann Burchard method.
12. Estimation of DNA by Diphenylamine method.
13. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method. (Open-ended)
SUGGESTED READING:
1. David, T. Plummer, “An introduction to Practical Biochemistry”, 3rd edition, Tata McGraw Hill,
1988.
2. Beedu Shashidhar Rao, Vijay Deshpande, “Experimental Biochemistry – A student
companion”, Anshan Pub,2006.
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22BTC09

MICROBIOLOGY LAB

Instruction 3 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Handle and focusing of Bright Field microscope
2. Perform physical and chemical sterilization methods for control of microorganisms
3. Prepare microbial culture media
4. Isolate pure cultures using various techniques
5. Perform different staining techniques.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Examine the microbial cell structures using of Bright Field microscope
2. Demonstrate sterilization of equipment and various types of media
3. Prepare the basic culture media for the growth of microorganisms
4. Demonstrate the isolation of pure microbial culture from soil and water
5. Predict the nomenclature of microorganisms based on their metabolic activity

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 2 0 2 2 1 0 3 1 1 3 2 2
CO2 1 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 3 2 0 3 3 3
CO3 2 1 1 0 2 2 1 0 3 2 1 3 3 3
CO4 1 2 2 0 1 2 2 0 3 2 1 3 3 3
CO5 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 0 3 2 1 3 3 3

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Calibration of Microscope and Measurement of Microorganisms-Micrometer.
2. Staining and Identification of Microorganisms: Simple and Differential Staining Techniques.
3. Sterilization techniques (Autoclaving, Hot Air Oven, Radiation, and filtration).
4. Preparation of culture media (a) broth type of media (b) Agar.
5. Culturing of microorganism (a) broth (b) pure culture techniques- Streak plate, Pour plate.
6. Antibiotic tests- Disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration.
7. Biochemical tests- IMIVC test, Catalase, Coagulase test, Gelatinase test, Oxidase.
8. Factors affecting bacterial growth and study of the growth curve.
9. Measurement of Microbial Growth by Turbidometry and enumeration of bacterial numbers by
serial dilution.
10. Measurement of Microbial Growth by viable count.
11. Production of Beer and Wine (open-ended)
12. Coliform test (Structured enquiry)

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SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Microbiology: Laboratory Theory and Application 4th Edition Michael J. Leboffe,

Burton E. Pierce Morton Publishing Company; 4th edition (January 1, 2015)
2. Gopal Reddy M, M.N. Reddy, D.V.R. SaiGopal and K.V. Mallaiah, “Laboratory
Experiments in Microbiology”,3rd edition, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt Ltd,2008,
3. Gunasekaran P., “Laboratory manual in Microbiology”, 3rdedition, New Age International
Publ., New Delhi, 2007.

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22BTI01
INTERNSHIP-I
(MOOCs / INTERNSHIP)

Instruction 3 to 4 weeks or 90
hours
CIE 50 Marks
Credit 2

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Familiarize students in biotechnology and allied fields with industrial environments and state-
of-the-art technologies.
2. Provide avenues for learning and skill development tailored to real-world technical and
managerial requirements within the biotechnology sector.
3. Expose students to current technological breakthroughs relevant to biotechnology and its allied
domains.
4. Cultivate an understanding of engineers' ethical responsibilities within the context of
biotechnology, and facilitate interaction with industry and societal stakeholders to grasp the
practical implications of their work.
COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, students will be able to
1. Gain proficiency in new biotechnological technologies through hands-on experience with real-
time projects.
2. Engage with challenges and cutting-edge technologies in the biotechnology industry for
exposure and practical understanding.
3. Obtain insights into the current technological demands of the biotechnology industry.
4. Identify, design, and implement solutions for real-world biotechnological challenges.
5. Effectively communicate biotechnology-related ideas and share learning experiences through
reports and presentations.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO
CO1 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 3 3 3 2 3
CO2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 2 3
CO3 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 2
CO4 2 3 3 3 1 2 1 - 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
CO5 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - 2 3 3 3 2 2 3

PROCESS TO BE FOLLOWED FOR CARRYING OUT INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS:

1. Students may apply for internships through the AICTE Portal or through the CDC of the institute
by filling out the application form IAP-101.
2. The industry shall scrutinize the students based on their criteria and communicate a provisional
offer or confirmation letter to the student.
3. If students apply through the CDC, then the CDC shall nominate the students for various
opportunities accordingly by issuing NOC (IAP-104).
4. The respective head of the department shall assign a faculty mentor.
5. Student shall undergo internship/industrial training at the concerned Industry/Organization by
submitting the form, IAP-103.
6. During the internship, the Faculty Mentor will evaluate the performance of students twice either
by visiting the Industry/Organization or through obtaining periodic reports from students.
7. Students shall submit an internship report to the industry/organization at the end of the internship
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program.
8. On successful completion of the Internship, Industry/Organization shall issue an Internship
Certificate to the students
9. All the students should maintain discipline, professional ethics and follow the health and safety
precautions during the internship
10. Students should get approval for MOOCS and Training Programs and the same evaluation process
will be
followed

INTERNSHIP GUIDELINES:
a) Student’s Diary/Daily Log: The students should record the observations, impressions, information
gathered and suggestions given, if any. It should contain the sketches & drawings related to the
observations made by the students. Students shall be ready to show the diary to the industry supervisor
or the Faculty Mentor at any point of time. Failing to produce the same, the Intern may be debarred for
the remaining period of his/her internship. A daily diary needs to be submitted to the Faculty Mentor
at the end of the Internship along with the attendance record and an evaluation sheet duly signed and
stamped by the industry. Daily diary is evaluated based on the following criteria:
 Regularity in maintenance of the diary/log
 Adequacy & quality of information recorded
 Drawing, sketches, and data recorded.
 Thought process and recording techniques used
 Organization of the information
b) Internship Report: At the end of the internship, each student should prepare a comprehensive
report to indicate what he/she observed and learned in the training/internship period. It should be
signed by the internship supervisor. The report will be evaluated by the Industry Supervisor on the
basis of the following criteria:
 Originality
 Adequacy and purposeful write-up
 Organization, format, drawings, sketches, style, language etc.
 Variety and relevance of learning experience
 Practical applications, relationships with basic theory and concepts taught in the course
EVALUATION OF INTERNSHIP:
The industrial training/internship of the students will be evaluated in three stages:
a) Evaluation by the Industry (10 marks) ( in the range of 1 to 10 where 1-Unsatisfactory; 10-
Excellent)
b) Evaluation by faculty supervisor on the basis of site visit(s) or periodic communication (15
marks)
c) Evaluation through seminar presentation/Viva-Voce at the Institute (This can be reflected
through marks assigned by Faculty Mentor (25 marks))
Evaluation through Seminar Presentation/Viva-Voce at the Institute: Students will give a seminar
based on his/her training report before an Expert Committee constituted by the concerned department
as per the norms of the institute. The evaluation will be based on the following criteria:
 Quality of content presented
 Proper planning for presentation
 Effectiveness of presentation
 Depth of knowledge and skills

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 Attendance record, daily diary, and departmental reports shall be analyzed along with the
internship Report

Monitoring/ Surprise Visits: During the internship program, the faculty mentor makes a surprise visit
to the internship site, to check the student’s presence physically. If the student is found to be absent
without prior intimation to the concerned industry, entire training/internship may be canceled.
Students should inform through email to the faculty mentor as well as the industry supervisor at least
one day prior to avail leave.

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With effect from the Academic Year 2025-26

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

(In line with AICTE Model Curriculum with effect from AY 2025-26)

B. TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER-IV

Scheme of
Scheme of Examination
Instruction
S. Course
Title of the Course Duratio Maximu Credits
No Code Hours Per
n of SEE m
week
in Hours Marks
L T P CIE SEE
THEORY
Engineering Mathematics for
1 22MTC11 3 1 - 3 40 60 4
Biotechnologists
2 22BTC10 Fermentation Technology 3 - - 3 40 60 3
3 22BTC11 Immunology & Immunotechnology 3 - - 3 40 60 3
Instrumental Methods in
4 22BTC12 3 - - 3 40 60 3
Biotechnology
5 22BTC13 Thermodynamics for 3 - - 3 40 60 3
Biotechnologists
Introduction to Anatomy and
6 22BTC14 3 - - 3 40 60 3
Physiology of Humans
Indian Constitution and Non-
7 22EGM01 2 - - 2 - 50
Fundamental Principles credit
PRACTICALS
8 22BTC15 Fermentation Technology Lab - - 2 3 50 50 1
9 22BTC16 Immunology Lab - - 2 3 50 50 1
10 22BTC17 Instrumentation Lab - - 2 3 50 50 1
Total 20 1 6 - 390 560 22
Clock hours per week: 27

L: Lecture D: Drawing T: Tutorial P: Practical /Project Seminar/Dissertation CIE -

Continuous Internal Evaluation SEE - Semester End Examination

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22MTC11
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS FOR BIO-TECHNOLOGISTS
(For Bio-Technology)

Instruction 3 L+1T Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To discuss solutions of higher order differential equations.
2. To form PDE and solve Linear and Nonlinear equations.
3. To discuss differentiability of complex functions.
4. To evaluate Complex integrals.
5. To learn Numerical solution algebraic and transcendental equations.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Solve the higher order linear differential equations.
2. Solve Linear and Non-linear Partial differential equations.
3. Determine the analytic functions.
4. Expand functions by using Taylor's and Laurent's series and Complex integrals by using Cauchy
Theorems.
5. Solve Nonlinear algebraic and transcendental equations.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 -
CO2 3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 -
CO3 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 -
CO4 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 -
CO5 3 3 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 -

UNIT-I
Differential Equations of Higher Order: Higher order linear differential equations with
constants coefficients, Method to find complementary functions, Particular Integral when x=eax,
Sinax, Cosax, eaxv(x), xm v(x), Solutions of Cauchy-Euler differential equations, Method of
Variation of Parameters.

UNIT-II
Partial Differential Equations: Formation of Partial Differential Equations, Linear Equations of
First Order (Lagrange’s Linear Equations), Solution of First Order Nonlinear Partial Differential
Equations (Standard forms) and Charpit’s method. Solutions by method of separation of variables,
Solution of one dimensional wave equation and its applications.

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UNIT-III
Complex Differentiation: Limit, Continuity and Derivative of complex function, Cauchy-
Riemann equations in Cartesian coordinates (without proof), Analytic functions, Harmonic
functions, Conjugate Harmonic functions Construction of Analytic function by Milne -
Thompson method

UNIT-IV
Complex Integration: Complex line integral, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula
(without Proof), Series of Complex Terms: Taylor’s series, Laurent’s series, Singularities of
analytic functions: Isolated Singularity, Removable singularity Pole, Essential singularity
Residues, Residues theorem. (Without proof)

UNIT-V
Numerical Methods: Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental equations: Bisection method,
Regular Falsi method and Newton - Raphson Method, Numerical solutions of first order
Ordinary differential equations: Euler’s method and Runge-kutta method of 4th order.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B.S.Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 43rd Edition, Khanna Publishers, 2015.
2. R.K JAIN and S.R.K IYENGER, “Advance engineering mathematics”, 3rd
edition, Narosa publications, 2007.
3. Narayan Shanti and Mittal P.K,“Differential Calculus”, 30th edition, S Chand publishers, 2005.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 10th edition, Wiley publishers, 2015.
2. “Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis” Fifth edition, PHI learning PVT Ltd, 2012.

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22BTC10
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. The course aims at providing knowledge to students on the scope and chronological
development of fermentation technology.
2. To understand the types of the fermentation process and design of fermentation.
3. To learn about the ancillaries of the fermenter and their applications.
4. To gain in-depth knowledge about the working principles and operation of fermenters.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Gain knowledge on diverse fermentation processes, the historical development of the
industry, industrial applications, and emerging trends
2. Understand about controlling process parameters, media formulation in bioprocesses, and solid-
state processes.
3. Determine the volumetric mass transfer coefficient and factors affecting the same in aerobic
fermentation
4. Apply the knowledge of scale-up and scale-down techniques in fermenters and
determine cell growth and sterilization kinetics
5. Apply the knowledge of different bioreactors like airlift, fed-batch, batch, and continuous in
bioreactors while evaluating their performances in bioprocesses industries.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 1 1 0 0 2 3 0 0 1 0 3 2 2
CO2 2 2 1 3 3 0 3 0 3 1 0 3 2 2
CO3 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2
CO4 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 2 2
CO5 2 2 2 1 0 2 3 0 2 1 0 3 2 2

UNIT-I
Introduction to Fermentation Processes: The range of fermentation processes; the chronological
development of the fermentation industry; Industrial applications; Future trends in fermentations;
Aseptic transfer of spore suspension with reference to Penicillium chrysogenum; Transfer of
inoculums from seed tank to Fermenter.

UNIT-II
Basic Design of the Fermenter and Media: General requirements of fermentation processes, Basic
design, and construction of fermenter and ancillaries, Typical media, Media formulation, energy
resources, carbon and nitrogen components Solid- substrate, slurry fermentation, and its applications,
Placket Burman design.

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UNIT-III
Aeration and Agitation in Fermentations: Basic Mass transfer concepts; Oxygen transfer from gas
bubble to cells; Oxygen transfer in fermentations; Bubble aeration and Mechanical agitation;
Correlations for mass transfer coefficients; Gas Hold up; Determination of oxygen transfer rates, KLa
values; Other Factors affecting the values of mass transfer coefficients in fermentation vessels.

UNIT-IV
Selection, Scale-up, Operation and Control of Fermenters: Introduction, Scale up and its
difficulties: Some
considerations on aeration, agitation, and heat transfer, scale up and scale down. Bioreactor control and
Instrumentation: Instrumentation for measurements and control of the parameters in active
fermentation viz. pH, Temperature, DO, Foam and. Pressure

UNIT-V
Bioreactors/Fermentors: Batch, Fed-batch, and Continuous Fermentation systems; Dual and
multiple fermentations; Comparison between batch and continuous fermentations; Steady state,
unsteady state continuous fermentation theories; Examples of continuous fermentation; Practical
problems with continuous operations. Monitoring and Control of fermentations, the behavior of
microbes in different reactors viz. airlift, fluidized, batch, packed bed, Bubble column, trickle bed
reactors.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Pauline M. Doran, “Bioprocess Engineering Principles”, Academic Press, 1995
2. Stanbury PF, Whitaker A, and Hall S J, “Principles of Fermentation Technology” 2nd edition,
Elsevier, 2013.
3. Shuler M and Kargi F, Bioprocess Engineering, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
2002

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bailey JE and Ollis DF, “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals”, 2 edition, McGraw-Hill,
1986
2. Harvey W. Blanch, Douglas S. Clark, “Biochemical Engineering” 1 edition, CRC, 1997.

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22BTC11
IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Students learn about the basic components and responses of the Immune system.
2. Knowledge of the structure of antigens and antibodies and the processing of antigens.
3. Students understand the significance of the complement system and hypersensitivity
4. The immunological basics for diseases are taught to the students.
5. Importance of antigen and antibody interactions.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Identify immune system components and how they work in a coordinated way.
2. Differentiate the structure of antigen-antibody and the methods of processing antigen.
3. Analyze the immune system-related underlying causes of hypersensitivity and complement
systems.
4. Desribe the immune system-related diseases, medical complications, and prevention of diseases.
5. Apply the principles of immunological techniques in the development of medical diagnostic kits.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 3 2 3
CO2 2 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 0 2 0 3 1 3
CO3 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 0 1 0 3 1 3
CO4 1 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2
CO5 3 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 2

UNIT-I
Immune System: Introduction to immunity; types of immunity – innate and adaptive immunity,
humoral and cell- mediated immune response; hematopoiesis; cells of the immune system; organs of
the immune system–the primary (bone marrow and thymus) and secondary (lymph node, spleen,
MALT, GALT) lymphoid organs; pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.

UNIT-II
Antigen and Antibody - Structure, Properties; Processing and Presentation of Antigen:
Antigen– immunogenicity and antigenicity, factors influencing immunogenicity; haptens and
adjuvants, epitopes; Immunoglobulin– structure, classes, and function; antigenic determinants of
immunoglobulin – isotype, allotype, idiotype; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) organization,
classes, and function; Antigen processing and presentation – the role of antigen-presenting cells,
endogenous antigens (cytosolic pathway), exogenous antigens (endocytic pathway), presentation of
no peptide antigen.

UNIT-III
The Complement System and Hypersensitivity: Complement system – components, function,
activation (classical and alternative pathway); Types and Mechanism of hypersensitive reactions –
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type I (IgE mediated hypersensitivity), type II (antibody-mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity), type III
(Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity), type IV (delayed type hypersensitivity).

UNIT-IV
Medical Applications of Immunology: Autoimmunity – organ-specific (Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Mellitus, Myasthenia Gravis) and systemic (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis)
autoimmune diseases, treatment of autoimmune diseases; Transplantation – the immunological basis
of graft rejection, immunosuppressive therapy (general and specific); immunoprophylaxis (attenuated,
inactivated and DNA vaccines); immunology of cancer- tumor antigens, immune response to the
tumor, cancer immunotherapy.

UNIT-V
Immunological techniques: Production of monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology and its
applications. Strength of antigen and antibody interaction, affinity, avidity, cross-reactivity,
precipitation, agglutination, immune electrophoresis, RIA, ELISA, western blotting,
immunofluorescence, FACS.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jenni Punt, Sharon Stanford, Patricia Jones, Judith A Owen., “Kuby Immunology”, 8th edition,
WH Freeman, 2018.
2. Peter J. Delves, Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R. Burton, Ivan M. Roitt, “Roitt’s Essential
Immunology”, 13th edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2017.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Kenneth Murphy, Casey Weaver “Janeway’s Immunobiology”, 9th edition, Garland Science,
2016.
2. Abdul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman, Shiv Pillai, “Cellular and Molecular Immunology”, 10th
edition, Elsevier, 2021.
3. Sunil Kumar Mohanty, K. Sai Leela, “Textbook of Immunology”, 2nd edition, Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers, 2014.

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22BTC12
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Types of analytical methods, instruments used for analysis, and the importance of microscopy
2. Types of instruments used for isolation of Bimolecular and Subcellular organelles
3. Types of chromatographic techniques
4. Charge-based separation techniques
5. The principles and applications of spectroscopic methods

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Explain the instrumental errors and working of different microscopes.
2. Describe various techniques to isolate cellular components and products.
3. Compare various techniques in the purification of cellular products.
4. Illustrate various electrophoresis techniques to isolate DNA/Protein from a mixture.
5. Explain the working of various spectroscopic instruments.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 3 2 3
CO2 2 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 0 1 0 3 1 3
CO3 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 2 0 1 0 3 1 3
CO4 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 2
CO5 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 2

UNIT-I
Analytical Methods and Microscopy: Types of Analytical Methods - Instruments for Analysis
(Types) Uncertainties in Instrumental measurements - Sensitivity and detection limit for instruments;
principle, procedure, and applications of the Bright field. Darkfield, fluorescent, and electron
microscopy.

UNIT-II
Instruments For Isolation Techniques: Cell disruption by the French press, Sonification, freeze-thaw
technique; use of liquid N2 and chemical approaches involved in cell disruption; Isolation of
Biomolecules and cell organelles: centrifugation; basic principles of sedimentation, sedimentation
coefficient, Svedberg Unit; various types of centrifuges, their uses, rotors, fixed angle, vertical, swing
out, zonal rotors; preparative centrifugation, differential density gradient centrifugation, analytical
ultra-centrifugation; Materials used in the preparation of density gradient- sucrose & cesium chloride;
Isolation of subcellular organelles and Biomolecules. Determination of molecular weight and purity of
Biomolecules by analytical ultra-centrifugation.

UNIT-III
Basic Chromatographic Techniques: Partition chromatography, Counter current distribution,
adsorption chromatography: Paper, TLC& GLC. Methods based on size: Gel permeation
chromatography, principle, application- Molecular weight determination. Affinity chromatography,
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application & technique for purification of proteins and nucleic acids. Principle and application of Ion
exchange chromatography, use of ion exchange- cation& anion exchangers.

UNIT-IV
Charge-Based Separation Techniques: Electrophoresis: Migration of charged molecules in electric
field-moving boundary, paper, cellulose acetate, starch gel electrophoresis, SDS PAGE,
Determination of molecular weight, pH, and salt gradients for elution of proteins, amino acids, iso-
electric focusing, and its significance. Identification of specific proteins by western blotting. Agarose
gel electrophoresis-separation of DNA & RNA, by agarose gel electrophoresis, recovery of DNA
fragments from agarose gels, southern & northern blot techniques, and their significance, pulse field
gel electrophoresis.

UNIT-V
Spectrometric Identification Techniques: Basic concepts of spectroscopy, Visible & UV
spectroscopy & Explain Beer lamberts law; Principles and application of Colorimetry & Flame
photometry, Nephelometry; Principles and applications of atomic absorption Spectrophotometry;
Principles & applications of IR, ESR NMR & Mass spectroscopy; Explains the laws of photometry.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dinesh Kumar Chatanta, Prahlad Singh Mehra Instrumental Methods of Analysis in
Biotechnology I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd (2012 Edition)
2. Keith Wilson and John Walker, “Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology”, 6th edition, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
3. Sivasankar, “Instrumental Methods of Analysis”, Oxford higher education, OUP, India, 2012.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. S. Malathi, Pallavi Mangesh Patil, Sunil Kumar, Instrumental Methods Of Analysis Thakur
Publication Pvt Ltd (2020 Edition)
2. Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz, James A. Vyvyan, Introduction to
Spectroscopy, Cengage Learning India Private Limited (2015 Edition)
3. GW Ewing, “Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis”, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, 1985.
4. Hobert H Willard D. L. Merritt and J.R.J.A.Dean, “Instrumental Methods of Analysis”, CBS
Publishers & Distributors, 1992.
5. Skoog DA, “Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry”, Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2004.

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22BTC13
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS

Instruction 3 L hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. The course aims at providing the students with knowledge about thermodynamic principles to
solve practical problems.
2. The course also gives an insight into the concepts of solution thermodynamics.
3. The course aims to give the students an understanding of chemical and phase equilibrium
conditions.
4. The course also deals with bioenergetics.
5. The course aims to provide students with the knowledge to perform stoichiometric and energetic
analysis of cell growth and product formation

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Comprehensively analyze heat and work effects within closed systems and cyclic processes.
2. Learn about the limitations of the First Law of Thermodynamics, the qualitative aspects of the
Second Law, entropy calculations for ideal gases, and the application of Maxwell relations and
residual properties.
3. Calculate partial molar properties in binary systems, comprehend chemical potential, Raoult’s
and Henry’s laws, and apply correlations to evaluate activity coefficients, enabling them to
analyze solution thermodynamics effectively.
4. Calculate vapor-liquid equilibria in binary systems and understand the fundamentals of
chemical reaction equilibria.
5. Understand metabolic pathway energetics, energy coupling via ATP and NADH, analyze cell
growth energetics, explore microbial growth thermodynamics, and apply energy balance
equations to aerobic cultures in cell culture processes.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 3 3 3
CO2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 3 0 3 2 3
CO3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 1 3 2 1
CO4 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 1 3 2 1
CO5 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 3 2 3

UNIT-I
Introduction To Thermodynamics: System Definition and Classification of the System –
closed and open systems based on the number of components, exchange of mass, and heat. State
and Path Functions, equilibrium, Phase rule. Thermodynamic Properties of fluids. Forms of
energy, classification of properties. I-Law of Thermodynamics, application of I-law to closed.
Volumetric Properties of Fluids: PVT behavior of pure fluids. Real and Ideal Gas. Equations of
state – Ideal gas law, Virial equations of state (restricted to first two terms). Cubic equations of state –
Vander Waals and Redlich Kwong. Processes involving ideal gases (isochoric, isobaric, isothermal,
adiabatic, polytropic – simple applications)

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UNIT-II
The Second Law Of Thermodynamics: Limitations to I-law, qualitative statement of Kelvin Plank
and Clausius versions of II-law, entropy – definition, entropy and heat calculations for ideal gases.
Maxwell relations – problems not included, Residual properties – definition (VR, HR, SR, GR – basic
property relations for ideal gases, problems not included).

UNIT-III
Solution Thermodynamics: Partial molar properties – definition and simple applications involving
the calculation of partial molar properties for binary systems using analytical methods (no graphical
method). Concepts of Chemical potential and fugacity (for pure species and species in solution).
Lewis Randall rule, Raoult’s law, Henry’s law Definition and simple applications. Excess properties
definition and fundamental relation for excess Gibbs free energy, (problems not included). Activity and
activity coefficients, correlations to calculate activity coefficients Margules, Van Laar, and
applications involving binary systems.

UNIT-IV
Topics In Phase Equilibria And Chemical Reaction Equilibria: Vapor-liquid equilibrium
calculations for binary systems - P-x-y, T-x-y diagrams, using simple Raoult’s law to the binary
mixture. Chemical Reaction Equilibria: Equilibrium criteria for homogenous chemical reactions.
Standard Gibbs energy change of reaction, Reaction coordinate –definition. Evaluation of
equilibrium constant – numerical problems not included. Effect of pressure and temperature on
equilibrium constant – qualitative treatment, simple problems involving temperature dependence of
equilibrium constant. Calculation of equilibrium conversions and yields for single reactions.

UNIT-V
Bioenergetics: Energetics of Metabolic Pathways, Energy coupling (ATP & NADH). Stoichiometry
and energetic analysis of Cell Growth and Product Formation. Thermodynamics of microbial growth.
Oxygen consumption and heat evolution in aerobic cultures. Energy balance equation for cell culture

TEXT BOOKS:
1. J.M.Smith, H.C. Van Ness and M.M. Abbott, “Introduction to Chemical Engineering
Thermodynamics”, 6th ed,
TMH, 2003.
2. J.A. Roels, “Energetics and kinetics in biotechnology”, Elsevier, 1983.
3. Y.V.C. Rao, Revised edition, “An introduction to thermodynamics”, Universities Press, 2004.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Robert A. Alberty, “Biochemical Thermodynamics: Applications of Mathematica”, John Wiley
and Sons, 2006.
2. Stanley I. Sandler, “Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics”, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 1999.
3. K.V. Narayanan, “A Textbook of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd, 2004.

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22BTC14

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMANS

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Student gets an overview of the human body tissues and endocrine system.
2. The various organs associated with skeletal, muscular, digestion, and excretion are taught.
3. Heart structure and functioning are detailed, including the gaseous exchange that occurs
through the respiratory system.
4. Knowledge of the Spinal cord, the associated nerves, and the different sense organs are imparted.
5. Reproductive anatomy and physiology are explained.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Outline the structure of the Human body and explain the structure and function of endocrine
glands
2. Discuss the anatomical structures and the physiological functions of the skeletal, muscular,
and digestive systems.
3. Explain the anatomical structures and the physiological functions of the excretory, circulatory,
and respiratory systems.
4. Describe the anatomical structures and the physiological functions of the nervous system and
other sensory systems.
5. Discuss the anatomical structures and the physiological functions of the reproductive system
and the physiology of the blood

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 1
CO2 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 1
CO3 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 1 1
CO4 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 0 2 1 1
CO5 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 1 1

UNIT-I
Introduction to Anatomical Terms and Endocrine Glands: Definition of Anatomy and
Physiology; Major types of Human Tissues. Various systems of the human body and their general
roles; Homeostasis; Types of endocrine glands, Anatomy and physiology of pituitary, thyroid,
pancreas.

UNIT-II
Anatomy and Physiology of Skeletal, Muscular and Digestive System: Structure and function of
bones, Bone cells osteoblast, osteocytes, and osteoclast; Structure and function of muscles, Histology
of Muscle Fibers, Sarcomere; Digestive system- organs and functions; the role of liver and pancreas.
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UNIT-III
Anatomy and Physiology of Excretory System, Circulatory System, and Respiratory System:
Excretory system
- kidney and urinary bladder, physiology of excretory system - urine formation; Circulatory system -
anatomy of heart, heartbeat, blood circulation; Anatomy of blood vessels - arteries and veins;
Respiratory system-anatomy of lungs and mechanism of respiration.

UNIT-IV
Anatomy and Physiology of Nervous System and Other Sensory Systems: Nervous system-
peripheral and autonomous nervous system; Spinal nerves and Cranial nerves, the transmission of
nerve impulse, reflex arc; Special senses - eye, ear, tongue, and nose.

UNIT-V
Anatomy and Physiology of Reproductive System and Blood Physiology: Mechanism of blood
oxygenation, Blood pressure recording, and regulating techniques; Reproductive system - male and
female reproductive organs and physiology; menstrual cycle

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cinnamon VanPutte, Jennifer Regan, Andrew Russo, Rod Seeley, Trent Stephens, Philip
Tate “Seeley’sAnatomy and Physiology” 12th edition, McGraw Hill Education, 2019
2. Elaine N. Marieb “Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology”, 8th Edition, Pearson
Education, New Delhi 2006

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Eric Widmaier, Hershel Raff, Kevin “Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of
Body Function” McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math, 13th edition, 2013.
2. Anthony A. Goodman – “Understanding the Human Body - An Introduction to Anatomy
and Physiology”-The Teaching Company, 2004.

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22EGM01

INDIAN CONSTITUTION AND FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

(BE/B.Tech - Common to all branches)

Instruction 2 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 2 Hours
Semester End Examination 50 Marks
CIE -
Credits 0

PREREQUISITE: Basic Awareness of Indian Constitution and Government.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Understand the history of framing of the Indian Constitution.
2. Awareness on Fundamental Rights, Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy.
3. Explore the organization of Union Government, and functions of President and Prime Minister.
4. Gain an insight into the inter-functionality of Union Legislature and Judiciary
5. Educate on the local governance and problems in development of rural and urban areas.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After successful completion of the course the students will be able to
1. Understand the history of framing of the Indian Constitution and its features.
2. Assess the realization of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
3. Analyze the challenges to federal system and position of the President and the Prime
Minister in the Union Government.
4. Underline the role of the Legislature and the Judiciary in Union Government and their mutual
relations.
5. Evolve the development of the local governments in India and assess the role of
Collector in district administration.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO 1 - - 1 - - 1 1 1 1 - - - - --
CO 2 - - 2 - - 3 2 2 1 - - - 3 1
CO 3 - - 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - -
CO 4 - - 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - 2 -
CO 5 - - 2 - - 3 2 1 1 - - - 2 1

UNIT-I
Constitutional History and Framing of Indian Constitution
East India Company rule (1757-1857): Social, Economic, Political and Administrative impact of
Company rule in India. British Rule (1858-1947): Indian National Movement, Government of India
Acts 1909, 1919 and 1935, and Indian Independence Act 1947. Framing of the Indian Constitution:
Constituent Assembly, Preamble and Salient Features.

UNIT-II
Fundamental Rights, Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy
The Fundamental Rights: Features and significance of Rights. Fundamental Duties: Importance and the
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legal status of Duties. Directive Principles of State Policy: Socialist, Gandhian and Liberal-intellectual
principles, importance and relevance.
UNIT-III
Union Government and its Administration
Federalism: Division of legislative and financial powers between the Union and the State. Union
Executive: Role and position of President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. Emergency
Provisions: National Emergency, Constitutional Emergency and Financial Emergency.
UNIT-IV
Union Legislature and Judiciary
Union Legislature: Parliament of India-Composition and functions of Parliament, and
Parliamentary Committees. Union Judiciary: Supreme Court of India-Composition and
Functions.

UNIT-V
Local Self Governments
Rural Local Governments: Zilla Parishad- CEO and functions of Zilla Parishad, Mandal
Parishad- Role of Elected and Officials, Gram Panchayat- Sarpanch, Secretary and Gram Sabha.
Urban Local Governments: Structure and functions of Municipalities and Municipal
Corporations. District Collector: Powers and functions of Collector.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sastry Ravindra, (Ed), “Indian Government & Politics”, Telugu Akademy, 2nd edition, 2018.
2. “Indian Constitution at Work”, NCERT, First edition 2006, Reprinted in 2022.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. .D. Basu, “Introduction to the Constitution of India”, Lexis Nexis, 2015.
2. Dr. S. N. Busi, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, “Framing of Indian Constitution”, 1stEdition, 2015.
3. Granville Austin, “The Indian Constitution: The Cornerstone of a Nation”, OUP, 2nd Edition,
1999.
4. M.V. Pylee, “India’s Constitution”, S. Chand Publishing, 16th Edition, 2017.
5. Rajeev Bhargava (ed), “Politics and Ethics of the Indian Constitution”, OUP, 2008.

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22BTC15
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY LAB

Instruction 2 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. To provide hands-on training to students to practically see the integrated bioprocess operations
right from the beginning of medium preparation to fermenter operation

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Describe the importance of media and other rheological parameters during the fermentation
process
2. Analyze the difference between batch and fed-batch processes
3. Demonstrate the preparation of media and its optimization using the statistical techniques
4. Estimate the growth kinetics of microorganisms.
5. Determine the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in fermentation.
6. Perform fermentation for the production of a metabolite.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 3 0 3 0 2 2 2 3 3 0 2 2 2
CO2 2 3 0 3 0 2 2 2 3 3 0 2 2 2
CO3 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 0 2 2 2
CO4 2 3 2 3 0 2 2 2 3 3 0 2 2 2
CO5 2 3 0 3 0 2 2 2 3 3 0 2 2 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Bioreactor instrumentation and its control
2. Study of Batch Fermentation Process using E. Coli
3. Study of Fed-Batch Fermentation Process using E. Coli
4. Study of rheological parameters in the fermentation broth
5. Study of whole cell/enzyme immobilization and determine its activity (Open-ended)
6. Estimation of Specific growth rate and doubling time of a microorganism
7. Substrate utilization and product formation kinetics
8. Estimation of Monod parameters and determine the growth kinetics (Structured)
9. Media optimization by using Plackett-Burman design (Structured)
10. Production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger and its estimation by titrimetric method
11. Determination of KLa by Sulphite oxidation method

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Bioprocess Engineering Principles" by Pauline M. Doran
2. Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts" by Michael L. Shuler, Fikret Kargı, Matthew DeLisa

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22BTC16
IMMUNOLOGY LAB

Instruction 2 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Students can identify the significance of blood grouping and cells.
2. Students learn the applications of agglutination reactions.
3. Students learn the applications of Precipitation reactions.
4. Students learn about the types of Immunoelectrophoresis.
5. Students learn to prepare the diagnostic kits.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, student will be able to

1. Classify the blood groups, cells, and predict the diseases.
2. Demonstrate bacterial agglutination reactions
3. Measure the concentration of antigens and serotypes by using precipitation reactions.
4. Interpret the concentration of the analytes using electrophoretic techniques.
5. Analyze the importance of ELISA techniques.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 3 2 3
CO2 2 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 1 3 2 3
CO3 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
CO4 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 1 3
CO5 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 3

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. ABO Blood grouping and identification of Rh typing,
2. Total and differential count of RBC & WBC by micropipette method. (Structured enquiry)
3. Isolation and microscopic visualization of T cells and B cells.
4. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
5. WIDAL test.
6. VDRL tests.
7. Radial immunodiffusion test.
8. Ouchterlony double diffusion for Antigen Antibody Patterns.
9. Immunoelectrophoresis.
10. Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis.
11. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for antigen capture and antibody capture. (Open-ended)

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Arti Nigam, Archana Ayyagari, “Lab Manual in Biochemistry, Immunology, and Biotechnology”,
Tata McGraw
Hill Education, 2007.
2. S. Ramakrishna and K. N. Sulochana, “Manual of Medical Laboratory Techniques”, 1stedition,
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2012.
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22BTC17
INSTRUMENTATION LAB

Instruction 2 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to

1. Understand the basic concepts for the operation of pH and spectrophotometer.
2. Estimate the micro and macro molecules by using chromatography techniques.
3. Separate the biomolecules with the application of different methods of electrophoresis.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of this course, students will be able to

1. Apply the instrumentation techniques to their real-life applications
2. Demonstrate the preliminary identification of biomolecules by partition chromatography method
3. Design the experiment to find the molecular weight of an unknown protein
4. Examine the analytes by using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Conductivity meter,
Nephelometer, and flame photometer
5. Justify their results on the separation of biomolecules by differential centrifugation methods.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 3
CO2 1 2 0 2 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 3 3 3
CO3 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 3 3
CO4 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 3
CO5 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 1 1 2 3 3 3

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. The calibration of the pH meter and measurement of pH for different solutions
2. Estimation of Ascorbic acid by colorimetric assay
3. Estimation of unknown samples by using a conductivity meter
4. Estimation of different macromolecules by visible spectrophotometer
5. Verification of Lambert - Beers law by UV -VIS spectrophotometer
6. Estimation of proteins and nucleic acids by UV method
7. Estimation of turbidity using Nephelometer
8. The separation of different macromolecules by Thin layer chromatography (Structured enquiry)
9. The separation of different macromolecules by paper chromatography (Open-ended)
10. The separation of different macromolecules by SDS-PAGE
11. Estimation of minerals by Flame photometry
12. Estimation of Thiamine and Riboflavin by Fluorimetry
13. Preparation of Standard curve using UV-VIS & Flame Photometry
14. Fractionation of Plasma Proteins by Electrophoresis
15. Membrane protein extraction by differential centrifugation

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Sivasankar, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Oxford higher education, OUP, India, 2012.
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With effect from the Academic Year 2026-27

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

In line with the AICTE Model Curriculum with effect from AY 2026-27

B. Tech BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER-V
Scheme of Scheme of
Instruction Examination
Course
S. No Title of the Course Hours Per Duratio Maximum Credits
Code
week n of SEE Marks
L T P in Hours CIE SEE
THEORY

1 Fluid Mechanics and Heat 3 - - 3 40 60 3

22BTC18
Transfer
2 Genetic Engineering and 3 - - 3 40 60 3
22BTC19
rDNA Technology
3 22BTC20 Plant Biotechnology 3 - - 3 40 60 3
4 22BTEXX Professional Elective - I 3 - - 3 40 60 3

5 22EEM01 Universal Human Values-II: 1 - - - 50 - 1

Understanding Harmony
PRACTICALS

6 Fluid Mechanics and Heat - - 3 3 50 50 1.5

22BTC21
Transfer Lab
7 22BTC22 Genetic Engineering Lab - - 3 3 50 50 1.5
8 22BTC23 Plant Biotechnology Lab - - 3 3 50 50 1.5
9 22EGC03 Employability Skills - - 2 3 50 50 1
Industrial/Rural Internship -
10 3-4 weeks / - 50 - 2
22BTI02 90hrs
II
Total 13 0 11 460 440 20.5
Clock hours per week: 24
Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical
CIE - Continuous Internal Evaluation SEE - Semester End Examination
22BTEXX Professional Elective – I
22BTE01 Industrial Biotechnology
22BTE02 Virology
22BTE03 Developmental Biology
22BTE04 Intellectual Property Rights and Bioethics
22BTE05 Artificial Intelligence in Biology

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22BTC18

FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER

Instruction 3 L Hours per week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. This course aims at providing knowledge on basic concepts in flow of fluids, flow field, flow
past
immersed bodies.
2. The course is designed to give an understanding on measurement of viscosity, flow measuring
devices.
3. The course also deals with basic concepts in heat transfer, evaporation and condensation.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. How to measure the viscosity of different fluids in bio processing and its effect on
fermentation.
2. Derive a relation between pressure drop and viscosity.
3. Compare and contrast the merits and demerits of different flow measuring devices.
4. Calculate the rate of heat transfer through various geometries.
5. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient in different evaporators and condensers.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 1 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 2 3 3
CO2 3 2 0 1 2 2 2 0 0 2 1 2 3 3
CO3 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 3 3
CO4 3 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3
CO5 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 3 3 3

UNIT-I
Basic Concepts in Flow of Fluids: Introduction, Nature of fluid, Rheology of fluids -Newton’s law of
viscosity; Concept of Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluids-Different types of non-Newtonian fluids
with examples in bioprocessing; Measurement of viscosity using impeller viscometer, plate and cone
viscometer, coaxial cylinder viscometer, etc.

UNIT-II
Flow Field: Friction losses in laminar flow through a circular tube (Hagen-Poiseuille equation),
Friction losses in turbulent flow (Fanning equation), Pumping of fluids flow through pipes, average
velocity, flow regimes, boundary layer concept. Laminar and turbulent flow – characterization by
Reynold’s number, pressure drop due to skin friction and form friction, friction factor chart, Hagen -
Poiseuille equation.

UNIT-III
Flow Past Immersed Bodies: Definition of drag and drag coefficient; Friction in flow through beds of
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solids (Ergun Equation); Brief introduction to flow of compressible fluids; Flow measuring and
monitoring systems- valves, bends, elbows, prevention of leaks, mechanical seals, stuffing box; Flow
measuring devices-manometers, orifice-meter, venturimeter and rotameter; Brief description of Pumps
(principal of centrifugal and positive displacement pumps) and Blowers.

UNIT-IV
Basic Concepts in Heat Transfer: Introduction and Mechanisms of heat transfer; Conduction heat
transfer (through slab, cylinder & Sphere); Conduction through solids in series, forced convection heat
transfer inside pipes, Introduction to radiation heat transfer, Chilling and freezing of food and
biological materials; Heat transfer correlations and calculations, basic heat exchange equipment.

UNIT-V
Basic Concepts in Evaporation and Condensation: Introduction, Types of evaporation equipment
and operation methods; Overall heat transfer coefficients in evaporators; simple material balances;
Calculation methods for single effect evaporators, Evaporation of biological materials; Types of
condensation, numerical problems, and condensation equipment.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. W L McCabe and JC Smith, “UNIT-Operations in Chemical Engineering”, ISBN-10.

9339213238 · ISBN-13. 978-8184959635 · Edition. Seventh · Publisher. McGraw Hill
Education · Publication date. 1 July 2017
2. Christie J. Geankoplis, “Transport Processes and UNIT-Operations”, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall
India Pvt. Ltd. 1993

SUGGESTED READING:

1. Kothandaraman CP, Rudramoorthy R, “Basic Fluid Mechanics”, New Age International

Publishers, New Delhi,1998.
2. Sachdeva RC, “Fundamentals of Engineering Heat and Mass Transfer”, New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi, 1996.
3. Pauline M. Doran, “Bioprocess Engineering Principles”, Academic press, 1995.

E-RESOURCES:

1. MIT Open Courseware (OCW) - Fluid Mechanics, Website: MIT OCW - Fluid Mechanics
2. Coursera - Fluid Mechanics by University of Minnesota, Website: Coursera - Fluid Mechanics
3. Coursera - Fundamentals of Heat Transfer by University of Michigan Website: Coursera -
Fundamentals of Heat Transfer

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22BTC19
GENETIC ENGINEERING AND rDNA TECHNOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To provide theoretical concepts, basic principles and tools used in rDNA technology.
2. To learn essential features and various vectors used in gene cloning and rDNA technology.
3. To learn the principle, methodology and applications of PCR and molecular markers.
4. To learn the range of cloning strategies those are employed to clone a DNA sequence.
5. To know how rDNA technology is used to produce proteins.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Explain the basic principles and tools used in rDNA research starting from the isolation of
nucleic acid, enzymes etc.
2. Compare various types of cloning vectors and expression vectors and their use in rDNA
technology.
3. Discuss the principle, types and applications of PCR and molecular markers.
4. Describe the cloning strategies and sequencing methods.
5. Summarize the high-level expression of proteins in different hosts and the production of
recombinant proteins for the human welfare

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2
CO2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2
CO3 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2
CO4 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2
CO5 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 0 1 0 1 1 2

UNIT-I
Isolation and Purification of DNA and Enzymes Used in Cloning: Isolation and purification of
nucleic acids (genomic/plasmid DNA& RNA), quantification and storage of nucleic acids; Agarose gel
electrophoresis; Enzymes used in genetic engineering - Restriction enzymes – Exo and Endo
nucleases, Methylases, Polymerases, Ligase, Phosphatase, Kinase, DNase, RNase; Homopolymer
tailing, Linkers & Adaptors; Restriction mapping; Blotting techniques – Southern, Northern and
Western Blotting.

UNIT-II
Cloning Vehicles: Essential features of cloning vectors; Cloning vectors - Plasmid vectors - pBR 322,
pUC 18/19; Phage vectors – λZAP, λEMBL4; M13 derived vectors –M13mp18; Phagemid- Blue script
vectors; Cosmid- pJB8; Artificial chromosomes - BAC, YAC; Viral Vectors – SV40, Baculovirus,
Retrovirus; Ti-Plasmid; Expression vectors - pET vectors.

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UNIT-III
Polymerase Chain Reaction and Molecular Markers: PCR – Principle, Designing of primers, PCR
Methodology, RT-PCR, Multiplex PCR, PCR for site-directed mutagenesis, Applications of PCR;
Molecular marker – RFLP, RAPD, AFLP.

UNIT-IV
Cloning Strategies and DNA sequencing: Construction of cDNA and Genomic library; Gene transfer
techniques: biological methods, chemical methods, physical or mechanical methods, Agrobacterium-
mediated gene transfer in plants; Detection of clones with the desired gene; DNA Sequencing-Chain
termination DNA Sequencing, Pyrosequencing, automation of DNA sequencing.

UNIT-V
Expression of Recombinant Proteins and Applications of rDNA Technology: High-level
expression of proteins in different host systems in E. coli, yeast, insect, and mammalian cells;
Applications of rDNA Technology - Recombinant Insulin, Recombinant Factor VIII, Golden rice.
Introduction to Gene therapy (Ex vivo & In vivo), a case study of ADA as an example. Safety
guidelines for rDNA research.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Brown, T.A., “Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction”, 8 thedition. Wiley
Blackwell, 2020.
2. Primrose, S.B., Twyman, R.M., “Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics”, 7 thedition,
John Wiley & Sons,2013.
3. Glick, B.R., Patten, C.L, “Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and applications of
Recombinant DNA”, 6th edition, ASM Press,2022

SUGGESTED READING:

1. Desmond S T Nicholl, “An Introduction to Genetic Engineering”, 3 rd edition, Cambridge End

Press, 2008.
2. Richard J. Reece, “Analysis of Genes and Genomes”, Wiley, 2004.

E-RESOURCES:
1. Dr. Trivedi, IITG. Genetic Engineering: Theory and Application. website link:
https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_bt15/preview

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22BTC20
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives: The course aims to

1. Enable the students to understand explicitly the basic concepts and applications of Plant
Tissue culture.
2. To understand the developmental pathways of callus induction and plant regeneration.
3. To understand the techniques for the production of secondary metabolites in vitro using plant
cell and tissue culture.
4. To understand the methods of gene transfer in plants for the production of Transgenics.
5. To understand the various strategies and sources of transgenes for crop improvement.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Describe the theoretical concepts behind the establishment of in vitro techniques.
2. Explain the importance and applications of various in vitro techniques.
3. Identify methods used for the production of plant secondary metabolites in in vitro at a
commercial scale.
4. Analyze the appropriate vectors and gene transfer methods for the production of Transgenics.
5. Outline the strategies for the production of transgenics for crop improvement and
environmental concerns.
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 1
CO2 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 2
CO3 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 3
CO4 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 3
CO5 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture: Introduction to cell and tissue culture: History, Totipotency,
Plasticity, Cell Theory, Tissue culture media (composition, preparation); Sterilization techniques;
Callus and cell suspension culture; Organogenesis and Embryogenesis and their applications.

UNIT-II
Tissue Culture in Crop Improvement: Micropropagation of virus-free plants; Somaclonal variation;
Haploids in plant breeding; Genetic fidelity of plants raised through tissue culture; Germplasm
conservation (Cryopreservation). Protoplast isolation, culture and fusion, Somatic hybridization and its
applications.

UNIT-III
Molecular Farming & Industrial Products: In vitro production of short-chain and long-chain fatty
acids; Industrial enzymes; Production of secondary metabolites from plant cell cultures using Cell

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suspension cultures, Immobilized cell systems, Precursor feeding (elicitation), and hairy roots.
Bioreactor systems and models for mass cultivation of plant cells.

UNIT-IV
Plant Genetic Engineering - I Techniques: Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer; Plant vectors and
their use in genetic manipulation; Direct gene transfer methods: electroporation, microinjection,
particle bombardment, and chemical methods. Marker-free transgenics and environmental, social and
legal issues associated with transgenic plants.

UNIT-V
Plant Genetic Engineering - II Productivity and Safety Regulations: Transgenics in crop
improvement: Biotic Stress resistance: Herbicide, Insect, Disease, virus, etc., Abiotic stress tolerance:
Drought, Temperature, Salt. Transgenics for improved nutritional quality, storage, and longer shelf
life. Edible vaccines and Nutraceuticals; Environmental impact and gene flow.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bhojwani SS and Razdan, “Plant Tissue Culture Theory and Practice”, Elsevier Science, 2004.
2. Chawla HS, “Introduction to Plant Biotechnology”, 4 th edition, Oxford and IBH Publishers,
2002.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Nigel G Halford, “Plant Biotechnology: Current and future applications of genetically
modified crops”, John Wiley & Sons Ld. 2006
2. Surabh Bhatia, Kiran Sharma, RandhirDahiya and, TanmoyBera, “Modern Applications of
Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences”, Elsevier publication, Academic press, 2015.

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22BTE01
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Professional Elective-I)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To know about the bioprocess overview and various primary metabolites
2. To know about the production and application of microbial metabolites
3. To make the student understand the production of enzymes
4. To make the student understand the biotechnologically important
products like recombinant proteins, vaccines, etc.
5. To make the student understand the importance and production of various beverages
Course Outcomes:
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Describe the importance of Industrial Bioprocesses
2. Illustrate the significance of advancements in fermentation for biobased product production
3. Manipulate the ideas for the production of microbial metabolites
4. Apply the concept of biosynthesizing enzymes and other important products
5. Analyze the concept of producing modern products like recombinant
vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in industries

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 3 3 3 1 0 2 0 2 3 1 2 3 2
CO2 2 2 3 2 2 0 2 0 2 3 0 3 3 3
CO3 2 2 3 2 1 0 2 0 2 3 1 3 3 3
CO4 2 2 3 2 1 0 2 0 2 3 1 3 3 3
CO5 2 2 3 2 1 0 2 0 2 3 1 3 3 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to basic Industrial Bioprocess: Fermentation; Basic concepts of upstream and
downstream processing in Bioprocess; Medium characteristics and biochemical pathways of various
organisms; Feedstocks - Renewable sources of biomass for biobased products; Sterilization-Air and
medium; Bioreactor/Fermenter- Significance and Design; Industrial waste treatment

UNIT-II
Advances in industrial bioprocesses: rDNA technology- significance and applications; Development
of industrial strains; Lifecycle of the microbial cell, microbial growth kinetics, product formation, and
substrate utilization; Various applications of fermentation in Industrial Biotechnology- Insulin

UNIT-III
Production of Microbial Metabolites: Primary Metabolites: Organic acids -Citric acid, Lactic acid;
Amino acids -Glutamic acid, Phenylalanine; Alcohols –Ethanol; Secondary metabolites: Antibiotics-
Penicillin, VitaminB12

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UNIT-IV
Production of Enzymes and Other Products: Production of industrial enzymes (proteases &
amylases), Production of biopesticides, Biofertilizers, Biopreservatives (Nisin), biopolymers (Xanthan
gum & PHB), fermented milk products (Cheese, Yogurt), Beverages (Beer, Wine), Baker’s yeast,
SCP, Biodiesel

UNIT-V
Production of Modern Biotechnology Products: Production of recombinant proteins having
therapeutic and diagnostic applications (human growth hormone & Interferon), Industrial Production,
Purification, and Process development of recombinant vaccines (hepatitis B vaccine, cholera vaccine)
and monoclonal antibodies

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Christoph Wittmann, James C. Liao “Industrial Biotechnology: Products and Processes”
Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2016
2. Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit “Industrial Biotechnology”. 1st Edition, CRC Press 2021
3. Devarajan Thangadurai and Jeyabalan Sangeetha “Industrial Biotechnology-Sustainable
Production and Bioresource Utilization” CRC Press 2016

SUGGESTE D READING:
1. Loveleen Kaur “Industrial Biotechnology: Principles and Applications Biotechnology in
agriculture, industry and medicine” Nova Publishers, 2015
2. Trevor Palmer, Philip Bonner, “Enzymes”, 2nd edition, WoodheadPublishing,2007.
3. Heinrich Klefenz “Industrial Pharmaceutical Biotechnology” Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH,
2002

E-RESOURCES:
1. NPTEL Course- NOC: Industrial Biotechnology, by Prof. Debabrata Das, IIT Kharagpur
2. Coursera Course- Industrial Biotechnology offered by the University of Manchester
3. Coursera- Introduction to Industrial Bioprocess Development by Technical University of
Denmark (DTU)

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22BTE02
VIROLOGY
(Professional Elective -I)

Instruction 3L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3Hours
SEE 60Marks
CIE 40Marks
Credits 3
Course Objectives: Students are made to understand the following concepts during their
course of time:
1. To learn the morphology and genetics of viruses.
2. To recognize the procedures for the cultivation of plant & animal viruses.
3. To be aware of the characterization of viruses.
4. To elaborate the detailed features of plant viruses and bacteriophages.
5. To earn the lifecycles of animal viruses and development of vaccines.

Course Outcomes: By the end of the course the students are able to
1. Explain the morphology of viruses and pathology of sub viruses.
2. Compare the techniques for the cultivation of plant & animal viruses.
3. Outline various characterization techniques for the detection of viruses.
4. Illustrate the structural, functional and disease control measures of plant viruses.
5. Describe the classification, pathogenesis of animal viruses and therapeutic strategy for
vaccine development.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 2 0 2 1 2 3 3
CO2 1 1 1 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 3 3
CO3 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 0 1 0 2 3 3
CO4 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 0 1 0 2 3 3
CO5 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 0 2 1 2 3 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to Virology: Brief outline of discovery of Viruses; Properties of Viruses; Morphology
of Viruses- Structure, Capsid Architecture, Envelopes and peplomers; Chemistry of Viruses- Viral
Proteins, Genome- Structure and Types; Study of sub viral agents- Brief account on Diseases caused
by Viroids- PSTV, Cadang- cadang; Prions-Scrape, Creutzfeldt-Jakob; Satellite viruses.

UNIT-II
Cultivation of Viruses: General methods of cultivation of viruses- in embryonated eggs, cultivation
of animal and plant viruses; cultivation of bacteriophages, Isolation and purification of viruses- plant
viruses, animal viruses; Criteria of purity, Maintenance and preservation of infectivity.

UNIT-III
Characterization of viruses: Characterization of viruses-Electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography,
sedimentation analysis. Enumeration of viruses by electron microscopy, plaque assay, acid endpoint
method, Haemagglutinin assay; Detection of viruses-By serological characterization, detection of viral
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antigen, detection of viral nucleic acid; chemical determination, Ultrastructure and lifecycles of
Bacteriophages-Ml3, T4andlambda.

UNIT-IV
Plant Viruses: Taxonomy; Symptoms of diseases caused by plant viruses (Morphological,
Physiological, and Histological); Ultrastructure and life cycles of TMV; transmission of plant viruses-
Mechanical and biological (vector and non-vector); Basic control measures of plant diseases- vector
and chemical control, biopesticides with examples.

UNIT-V
Animal viruses: Taxonomy; Detailed structure and a brief account of life cycles of RNA viruses-
Polio, Influenza, Rotavirus, Coronaviruses: Covid 19andHIV; Ultrastructure and brief account on
lifecycles of DNA viruses- Vaccina, SV40 and Hepatitis Virus; Viral vaccines-types and preparation
of conventional vaccines.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dimmock NJ, Easton AJ Easton, Leppard KN. “Introduction to Modern
Virology”, 7thedition, Publishers: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.
2. Matthews REF “Fundamentals of Plant Virology”. Academic Press, San Diego,
1992.

SUGGESTED READINGs:
1. Carter J and Saunders V “Virology: Principles and Applications” John Wiley and Sons Ltd,
2007.
2. Morag C, Timbury M, Churchill Livingstone, “Medical Virology”, London,1994.

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22BTE03

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(Professional Elective -I)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. Students are made to understand the basic concepts of developmental biology.
2. Students are taught the structure of gametes, and how they are generated.
3. Students are taught the influence of genes on body axis formation in Drosophila and Mammals.
4. Students are enlightened about the later embryonic developments i.e. Organogenesis.
5. Students are made aware of sex determination in Drosophila and Mammals.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Discuss basic concepts of Developmental Biology.
2. Describe the anatomy of gametes and the biochemistry involved in gamete recognition
3. Analyze the role of genes in the body axis formation of drosophila.
4. Outline the importance and differentiation of germinal layers into different organs and compare
the role of genes in the sex determination of Drosophila and Mammals.
5. Explain the genetic anomalies that lead to diseases.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 - 2 1 2 1 3 - 2 - 3 1 2
CO2 1 - - 1 1 2 1 3 - 2 - 3 1 2
CO3 1 - - 1 1 2 1 3 - 2 - 2 1 2
CO4 1 - - 1 1 2 1 3 - 2 - 2 2 2
CO5 1 1 - 1 1 3 3 3 - 2 - 2 2 2

UNIT-I
Introduction to Developmental Biology: Overview of anatomical approach, Evolutionary
Embryology, Medical embryology & teratology, Mathematical modeling for development, Stages of
animal development: The Frog life cycle, Development dynamics of cell specification (Autonomous,
Conditional, Syncytial and Morphogenetic Gradients), Induction and Competence.

UNIT-II
Gametogenesis and Fertilization in Mammals: Structure of Gametes: Sperm, Egg, Spermatogenesis
and oogenesis in Mammals, Recognition of egg and sperm, Mammalian Fertilization (Fusion of
Gametes and prevention of Polyspermy).

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UNIT-III
Drosophila Embryonic Development: Early Drosophila developments: Fertilization, Cleavage,
Gastrulation, Segmentation and the Anterior-Posterior body plan, Segmentation genes (Gap Genes,
pair rule genes and segment polarity genes), The Homeotic selector genes, Generating Dorsal-Ventral
axis.

UNIT-IV
Organogenesis and Sex Determination: The emergence of Ectoderm-The Central nervous system
and Epidermis, Mesoderm – Osteogenesis and Myogenesis, Lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm –
the Heart, Blood cells, Endoderm - Digestive tube and Respiratory tube, Sex determination in
Drosophila and Mammals.

UNIT-V
Ramifications of Developmental Biology: Medical Implications of Developmental biology: Genetic
errors of human development, Infertility, In Vitro fertilization (IVF) and Teratogenesis (disruptors of
teratogenesis), Developmental biology and future of medicine.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. ManjuYadav, “Molecular Developmental Biology” Discovery Publishing, September,
2008.
2. Scott F Gilbert, Michael JF Barresi. “Developmental Biology”, 11th edition,
Sinauer Associates, Inc, 2013.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Snustad P, Simmons and Jenkins, “Principles of Genetics”, 2 nd Edition, John Wiley
Publications, 1999.
2. P.C.Jain , “Elements of Developmental Biology” International Publications, 2013.

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22BTE04

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND BIOETHICS

(Professional Elective-I)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objective:
This course is intended to impact awareness on intellectual property rights and various regulatory
issues related to IPR

Course Outcomes:
1. Demonstrate a breadth of knowledge in Intellectual property
2. Understand the overview of Patents, Searching, filling and drafting of Patents
3. Understand the overview of copyright, GI, trademark, and trade secret
4. Understand about different national and international: Conventions and Treaties Governing the
IPRs
5. Understand various aspects of bioethics and its practical implications

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 2 2
CO2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 2 2
CO3 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 2 2
CO4 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 2 2
CO5 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 1 1 3 3 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to IPR: Discovery, Invention, Creativity, Innovation, History & Significance of IPR,
Overview of IPR- Patent, Copyright, Trade Mark, Trade Secret, GI, Industrial Design & Integrated
Circuit, Non-patentable criteria.

UNIT-II
Patents: Patents-Patentability Criteria, Types of Patents-Process, Product & Utility Modes, Software
Patenting and protection, Patent infringement- Case studies- Apple Vs Samsung, Elfish LLC VS
Microsoft, Overview of Patent search- Types of Searching, Public & Private Searching Databases,
Basics of Patent Filing & Drafting, Indian Patents Law.

UNIT-III
Copyrights, Geographical Indications, Trademark and Trade secrets: Types of Copyrights,
Procedure for filing, copyright infringement, Copyright Law, Geographical Indications- Tirupati
Laddu, Darjeeling Tea, Basmati rice. Trade Marks- Commercial importance, protection, registration,
Case Studies- Sabena and Sabena, Castrol Vs Pentagon, Trade Secrets- Case Studies-Kentucky Fried
Chicken (KFC), Coca-Cola.

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UNIT-IV
Protection of Industrial Designs & International Conventions & Treaties: Industrial Designs-
Scope, protection, filing, infringement; Overview of WTP. GATT. TRIPS. WIPO, Patent Cooperation
Treaty (PCT), International IPR Agreements Regulating Plant Varieties and Plant Breeders’ Rights.

UNIT-V
Bioethics: Principles of bioethics: Legality, morality and ethics, autonomy, human rights, beneficence,
privacy, justice, equity etc. The expanding scope of ethics from biomedical practice to biotechnology,
bioethics vs. business ethics, The legal, institutional and socioeconomic impacts of biotechnology;
biotechnology and social responsibility, Biosafety regulations and national and international
guidelines with regard to recombinant DNA technology. Guidelines for research in transgenic plants.
National and international regulations for food and pharma products.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Deborah E. Bouchoux, Intellectual Property for Paralegals- The law of Trademarks, Copyrights,
Patents & Trade secrets, 3rd Edition, Cengagelearning,2012.
2. N.S. Gopalakrishnan& T.G. Agitha, Principles of Intellectual Property, Eastern Book Company,
Lucknow, 2009.
3. Goel and Parashar. IPR, Biosafety, and Bioethics Pearson Education India; First edition (1 January
2013)

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. M.M. S. Karki, Intellectual Property Rights: Basic Concepts, AtlanticPublishers,2009.
2. Neeraj Pandey &Khushdeep Dharni, Intellectual Property Rights, PhiLearning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Ajit Parulekar and Sarita D’Souza, Indian Patents Law- Legal & Business Implications;
Macmillan India Ltd, 2006.
4. B.L. Wadehra, Law Relating to Patents, Trade Marks, Copyright, Designs & Geographical
Indications; Universal law Publishing Pvt. Ltd.India2000.
5. P. Narayanan; Law of Copyright and Industrial Designs; Eastern Law House, Delhi,2010.

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20BT E08
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BIOLOGY
(Professional Elective -I)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives
1. Become familiar with basic principles of AI towards problem-solving, inference, perception
knowledge representation, and learning
2. Investigate applications of AI techniques in intelligent agents, expert systems, artificial neural
networks, and other machine learning models.
3. To understand the applications of AI, and expert systems.

Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the students are able to:
1. Compare AI with human intelligence and traditional information processing and discuss its
strengths and limitations.
2. Apply the basic principle, models and algorithms of AI to recognize, model, and solve
problems in the analysis and design of information systems and also to solve molecular
biology problems.
3. Relate language processing to address the questions related to DNA
4. Explain the neural networks in biology, especially in protein characterization etc.
5. Outline an expert system for the identification of optimized solutions.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1
CO2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1
CO3 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1
CO4 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1
CO5 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1

UNIT-I
Artificial Intelligence Introduction: Overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI); The AI Problems; AI
Techniques; The level of the model; Criteria for success.
Problems, Problem Spaces, and Search: Problem as a State Space Search; Production Systems;
Problem Characteristics; Production Systems Characteristics; Issues in the Design of Search Problems

UNIT-II
Heuristic Search Techniques: Generate-and-test; Hill-Climbing; Simulation Annealing; Best-First-
Search; Local Search, Greedy Algorithms; Problem Reduction; Constraint Satisfaction; Means-ends
Analysis
RNA secondary structure prediction problem (2˚RNA): Secondary Structure of RNA; Structure and
Free Energy—A Mathematical Model; RNA secondary structure prediction as a Search problem
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UNIT-III
Computational Linguistics
Formal Language Theory: The Formal Specification of Languages; Chomsky Hierarchy and
Subdivisions; Lindenmayer Systems; Properties of Language Families; Parsing. Computational
Applications of Language Theory: Natural Language; Computer Languages and Pattern Recognition;
Developmental Grammars; Gene Grammars
Structural Linguistics of Nucleic Acids: Properties of Reverse Complementarity; Closure Properties
for Nucleic Acids. Structural Grammars for Nucleic Acids: Context-Free and Indexed Grammars;

UNIT-IV
Artificial Neural Networks: Introduction: Model of a neuron; Feedback and Feed-forward Networks;
Training Procedure; Network Optimization.
Protein Structure Prediction with Neural Networks: a -Helix, b-Strand, and Coil Predictions; b-
turn Predictions; Secondary Structure Composition Predictions.

UNIT-V
Evolutionary Algorithms: Introduction; Evolution of Solutions; Components in a Genetic Algorithm;
Representation of a Solution in the Genetic Algorithm; Operation of the Genetic Algorithm;
Evolution; Selection and Crossover Strategies; Encoding; Repairing String Damage; Fine Tuning;
Traps; Other Evolutionary Algorithms
Genomic Regulatory Networks and Modeling Development: Description of Sample Problem;
Representations of Potential Solutions; Simple Model of Development, Developmental Procedures;
Fitness Evaluation; Overall Evolution.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Elaine Rich, Kevin Knight, Shivashankar B. Nair; Artificial Intelligence; Third Edition; Tata
McGraw Hill. 2017
2. Lawrence Hunter; Artificial Intelligence and Molecular Biology; AAAI Press, First Edition
3. Hugh Cartwright, Using Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry and Biology- A Practical Guide,
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group (2008)

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22BTC21

FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LAB

Instruction 3P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5

Course Objectives:
1. This lab course is designed to understand the mechanics of fluid flow, analysis of
various processes viz., Flow measuring devices (Venturimeter, Mouthpiece, and
Triangularnotch.) and heat exchangers.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Calculate the coefficient of discharge of different flow measuring devices and
Reynold’s Number based on the distinction between the types of flow. (Expt. 1,2,3,4,5)
2. Determine the friction losses in pipe fittings & verify Bernoulli’s Theorem. (Expt.
6,7,8)
3. Predict the Thermal conductivity of homogeneous wall insulating powder under steady-
state conditions. (Expt. 9)
4. Determine the heat transfer coefficient in Natural, Forced convection using PIN FIN
apparatus and Predict the emissivity of a non-black surface. (Expt. 10,11,12)
5. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient for parallel flow and counter flow in a
Double pipe heat exchanger. (Expt. 13,14)

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 3 3 3
CO2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 0 0 2 0 3 2 3
CO3 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 1
CO4 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 3 2 1
CO5 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 3 3 3

At least 10 experiments are to be conducted from the following list of experiments.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Determination of discharge coefficient for orifice meter and venturimeter and their variation with
Reynolds number.
2. Determination of discharge coefficient for Mouthpiece for constant head method and time of fall
method.
3. Determination of weir meter constant K for v-notch and rectangular notch.
4. Calibration of rotameter and study of variation of flow rate with tube to float diameter.
5. Determination of viscosity of different fluids.
6. Determination of friction losses in pipe fittings.
7. Determination of Reynold’s Number based on the types of flow.
8. Verification of Bernoulli’s Theorem.
9. Determination of Thermal conductivity of homogeneous wall insulating powder under steady-
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state conditions.
10. Determination of heat transfer coefficient in Natural convection.
11. Determination of heat transfer coefficient in forced convection.
12. Determination of emissivity of nonblack surface.
13. Determination of Overall heat transfer coefficient for parallel flow in a double pipe heat
exchanger.
14. Determination of Overall heat transfer coefficient for counter flow in a double pipe heat
exchanger.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. WLMcCabe and JCSmith, “UnitoperationsinChemicalEngineering”,7 thedition, McGraw Hill
Intl. Ed, 2019.
E-RESOURCES:
1. NPTEL – NOC: Fluid and particle mechanics, Prof. Sumesh, Prof. Basavaraju, IIT
Madras
2. NPTEL – NOC: Heat Transfer, Prof, Sunando Dasgupta, IIT Kharagpur.

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22BTC22
GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB

Instruction 3P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5
Course Objectives:
1. To know the isolation and analysis of DNA.
2. To know the incision of DNA by using the restriction endonucleases.
3. To learn the amplification of DNA by polymerase chain reaction
4. To understand the cloning strategies of DNA.
5. To know about DNA sequencing and expression of recombinant protein from transformed
bacterial cultures.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Demonstrate the isolation and visualization of nucleic acids. (Expt. 1,2,3)
2. Characterize the DNA by restriction digestion and restriction mapping. (Expt. 4,5)
3. Plan different steps involved in cloning strategies of DNA (Expt. 6,7,8,9,10)
4. Perform the polymerase chain reaction. (Expt. 11)
5. Analyze the DNA Sequencing and recombinant protein by using SDS PAGE (Expt.
12,13)
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 2 2 2
CO2 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 2 2 2
CO3 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 2 2 2
CO4 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 2 2 2
CO5 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 0 2 2 2
At least 10 experiments are to be conducted from the following list of experiments.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Isolation of genomic DNA
2. Isolation of plasmid DNA
3. Visualization of Genomic and Plasmid DNA on Agarose gels
4. Restriction digestion
5. Restriction mapping (Structured inquiry)
6. Gel elution.
7. DNA ligation.
8. Preparation of competent cells.
9. Genetic transformation and screening for recombinant bacterial cells.
10. Blotting techniques- southern blotting.
11. Amplification of DNA fragments by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
12. DNA sequencing- Sanger's Method
13. Analysis of Recombinant Proteins using SDS-PAGE (open-ended experiment)
SUGGESTED READING:
1. Green MR and Sambrook J, “Molecular Cloning-A laboratory manual”, Vol I, II and III,
Cold Spring \ Harbor Laboratory Press, 2012.
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22BTC23
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB

Instruction 3 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5

Course Objectives:
1. The students should be able to understand explicitly the concepts of Plant Tissue culture
2. Develop their skills in plant tissues culture techniques in horticultural/medicinally important
plants.
3. Get extensive exposure to various techniques of plant cell and tissue culture.
4. To develop a protocol for genetic transformation using Agrobacterium strains.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Prepare plant tissue culture medium for in vitro studies. (Expt 1,2)
2. Execute the protocols for Surface sterilization, Organ culture, and Callus induction using various
explants. (Expt 3,4,5,10)
3. Develop in vitro techniques for micropropagation of meristem /nodal explants of horticulture and
medicinal plants. (Expt. 6,7,8,9)
4. Demonstrate the Protoplast isolation from various plant tissues using enzymatic methods.
(Exp.11)
5. Develop a system for genetic transformation in plants using Agrobacterium strains (Expt 12)

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 - 2
CO2 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 - 2
CO3 1 1 - 1 1 2 - - - - - 2 3
CO4 1 1 - - - 2 - - - - - 1 - 2
CO5 1 1 - - 1 - 2 1 - 1 - 2 2 3

At least 10 experiments are to be conducted from the following list of experiments.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Preparation of MS Stock solutions
2. Preparation of MS Plant Tissue Culture Media (Structured inquiry)
3. Surface sterilization
4. Callus induction from a mature embryo/ leaf/ root/anther. etc.
5. Cell suspension cultures initiation and establishment
6. Organogenesis and Embryogenesis
7. Meristem tip culture for the production of virus-free plants
8. Micropropagation of horticultural/medicinally important plants (open-ended experiment)
9. Root induction and acclimatization of in vitro plantlets
10. Production of synthetic seeds.
11. Protoplast isolation (demo)
12. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer: induction of Hairy roots
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SUGGESTED READING:
1. H. Jones and John M. Walker, “Plant Gene Transfer and Expression Protocols:
Methods in Molecular Biology, 49, Humana Press, 1996.
2. J. G. Chirikjian, Biotechnology: Theory and Techniques (Plant Biotechnology,
Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiotechnology), Jones & Bartlett Publishers, U.K.,
1996.

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22EGCO3
EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

Instruction 2 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

Prerequisite: Basic Knowledge of Soft skills in the professional setting.

Course Objectives: To help the students

1. Learn the art of communication, participate in group discussions and case studies with
confidence and to make effective presentations.
2. With- resume packaging, preparing them to face interviews.
3. Build an impressive personality through effective time management, leadership qualities, self-
confidence and assertiveness.
4. Understand professional etiquette and to make them learn academic ethics and value system.
5. To be competent in verbal aptitude.

Course Outcomes: By the end of the course, the students will be able to
1. Become effective communicators, participate in group discussions with confidence and be
able to make presentations in a professional context.
2. Write resumes, prepare and face interviews confidently.
3. Be assertive and set short term and long term goals, learn to manage time effectively and deal
with stress.
4. Make the transition smoothly from campus to work, use media with etiquette and understand
the academic ethics.
5. Enrich their vocabulary, frame accurate sentences and comprehend passages confidently.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 - 1 - - - 1 - 2 3 3 1 3 - 1
CO2 - - - - - - - 1 - 2 - 1 - -
CO3 - - - - - 1 - 1 2 1 1 3 - 1
CO4 - 1 1 - - 1 - 2 3 3 1 3 - 2
CO5 - - - - - - - 1 2 2 1 3 - -
UNIT-I
Verbal Aptitude: Error Detection, Articles, Prepositions, Tenses, Concord and Transformation of
Sentences-Jumbled Words/Sentences- Vocabulary, Synonyms, Antonyms, One Word Substitutes,
Idioms and Phrases, Word/Sentence/Text Completion- Reading Comprehension.

UNIT-II
Group Discussion & Presentation Skills: Dynamics of Group Discussion-Case Studies- Intervention,
Summarizing, Modulation of Voice, Body Language, Relevance, Fluency and Accuracy, Coherence.
Elements of Effective Presentation – Structure of a Presentation – Presentation tools – Body language
- Preparing an Effective PPT.

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UNIT-III
Behavioural Skills: Personal strength analysis-Effective Time Management- Goal Setting- Stress
management-
Corporate Culture – Grooming and etiquette-Statement of Purpose (SOP).

UNIT-IV
Mini Project: Research-Hypothesis-Developing a Questionnaire-Data Collection-Analysis-General
and Technical Report - Writing an Abstract –Technical Report Writing-Plagiarism-Project Seminar.

UNIT-V
Interview Skills: Cover Letter and Résumé writing – Structure and Presentation, Planning, Defining
the Career Objective, Projecting ones Strengths and Skill-sets – Interviews: Concept and Process, Pre-
Interview Planning, Opening Strategies, Answering Strategies, Mock Interviews.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Leena Sen, “Communication Skills”, Prentice-Hall of India, 2005.
2. Gulati and Sarvesh, “Corporate Soft Skills”, New Delhi: Rupa and Co., 2006.
3. Edgar Thorpe and Showick Thorpe, “Objective English”, 2nd edition, Pearson Education, 2007.
4. Ramesh, Gopalswamy, and Mahadevan Ramesh, “The ACE of Soft Skills”, New Delhi:
Pearson, 2010.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Van Emden, Joan, and Lucinda Becker, “Presentation Skills for Students”, New York:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
2. R.S. Aggarwal, “A Modern Approach to Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning”, 2018.
3. Covey and Stephen R, “The Habits of Highly Effective People”, New York: Free Press, 1989.
4. Shalini Verma, “Body Language - Your Success Mantra”, S Chand, 2006.

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22BTI02
INDUSTRIAL / RURAL INTERNSHIP-II

Instruction 3-4 week

Duration of Internship 90 Hours
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 2

Course Objectives: This course aims to:

1. Expose students to the industrial and rural environments, including those relevant to
biotechnology.
2. Create awareness of current industrial technological developments, particularly in the field of
biotechnology.
3. Provide opportunities to understand the social, economic, and administrative considerations
within organizations and rural areas, with a focus on biotechnological applications where
applicable.

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the ethical duties of engineers, especially in biotechnology and related areas.
2. Utilize various materials, processes, and quality control methods, emphasizing their
application in biotech.
3. Offer creative solutions for real-world issues, with a focus on challenges found in biotech and
allied fields.
4. Learn how to write technical reports and present findings effectively.
5. Apply technical knowledge to solve problems in industrial and rural settings, drawing from
biotech and related disciplines.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 - - - - - 3 3 - 3 - 3 3 - -
CO2 1 1 1 3 3 - 2 1 - - - - 3 3
CO3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 1 - - - 3 3
CO4 - - - - - 3 - 1 3 3 - 1 - -
CO5 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 - 1 - - 1 3 3

INTERNSHIP GUIDELINES:
a) Student’s Diary/Daily Log: The students should record the observations, impressions, information
gathered and suggestions given, if any. It should contain the sketches & drawings related to the
observations made by the students. Students shall be ready to show the diary to the industry supervisor
or the Faculty Mentor at any point of time. Failing to produce the same, the Intern may be debarred for
the remaining period of his/her internship. A daily diary needs to be submitted to the Faculty Mentor
at the end of the Internship along with the attendance record and an evaluation sheet duly signed and
stamped by the industry. Daily diary is evaluated based on the following criteria:
 Regularity in maintenance of the diary/log
 Adequacy & quality of information recorded
 Drawing, sketches, and data recorded.

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 Thought process and recording techniques used

 Organization of the information

b) Internship Report: At the end of the internship, each student should prepare a comprehensive
report to indicate what he/she observed and learned in the training/internship period. It should be
signed by the internship supervisor. The report will be evaluated by the Industry Supervisor on the
basis of the following criteria:
 Originality
 Adequacy and purposeful write-up
 Organization, format, drawings, sketches, style, language etc.
 Variety and relevance of learning experience
 Practical applications, relationships with basic theory and concepts taught in the course
EVALUATION OF INTERNSHIP:
The industrial training/internship of the students will be evaluated in three stages:
d) Evaluation by the Industry (10 marks) ( in the range of 1 to 10 where 1-Unsatisfactory; 10-
Excellent)
e) Evaluation by faculty supervisor on the basis of site visit(s) or periodic communication (15
marks)
f) Evaluation through seminar presentation/Viva-Voce at the Institute (This can be reflected
through marks assigned by Faculty Mentor (25 marks))
Evaluation through Seminar Presentation/Viva-Voce at the Institute: Students will give a seminar
based on his/her training report before an Expert Committee constituted by the concerned department
as per the norms of the institute. The evaluation will be based on the following criteria:
 Quality of content presented
 Proper planning for presentation
 Effectiveness of presentation
 Depth of knowledge and skills
 Attendance record, daily diary, and departmental reports shall be analyzed along with the
internship Report
Monitoring/ Surprise Visits: During the internship program, the faculty mentor makes a surprise visit
to the internship site, to check the student’s presence physically. If the student is found to be absent
without prior intimation to the concerned industry, entire training/internship may be canceled.
Students should inform through email to the faculty mentor as well as the industry supervisor at least
one day prior to avail leave.

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With effect from the Academic Year 2026-27

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

In line with the AICTE Model Curriculum with effect from AY 2026-27

B.Tech BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER-VI

Scheme of
Instructio Scheme of Examination
n
Course
S. No Title of the Course Duratio Maximu Credits
Code Hours Per
n of m
week
SEE in Marks
L T P Hours CIE SEE
THEORY
1 22BTC24 Bioseparation Engineering 3 - - 3 40 60 3
2 Bioinformatics and 3 - - 3 40 60 3
22BTC25 Computational Biology
3 22BTC26 Mass Transfer Operations 3 - - 3 40 60 3
4 22BTEXX Professional Elective – II 3 - - 3 40 60 3
5 Open Elective- I 3 - - 3 40 60 3
PRACTICALS
6 22BTC27 Bioseparation
Lab
Engineering - - 3 3 50 50 1.5
7 Bioinformatics and
22BTC28 Computational Biology Lab - - 3 3 50 50 1.5
8 22BTC29 Mini Project - - 4 - 50 - 2
9 22BTU02 Upskilling
Course - I
Certification - - - 25 - 0.5
Total 15 0 10 375 400 20.5
Clock hours per week:25
L: Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical
CIE – Continuous Internal Evaluation SEE – Semester End Examination
22BTEXX Professional Elective – II Open Elective – I
Good Manufacturing and Laboratory
22BTE06 22MAO02 Biostatistics
Practice
22BTE07 Medical Biotechnology 22EGO01 Technical Writing Skills
22BTE08 Phytochemical and Herbal Products 22CIO01 Fundamentals of IoT
Regulatory Affairs and Clinical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence
22BTE09 22CAO01
Trials and Machine Learning
22BTE10 Structural Biology
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22BTC24
BIOSEPARATION ENGINEERING
Instruction 3 L Hours per week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. Student is made to understand the role and importance of downstream processing.
2. Students are taught the various techniques of cell disruption and the principles of
solid liquid separation processes, filtration and centrifugation
3. Students are made to understand the principles of membrane-based separations and their
applications.
4. Students are enlightened about chromatographic separations, types and their
importance in product purification.
5. Students are made to study the principle of crystallization, drying and lyophilization.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course the students will be able to
1. Outline the key aspects of downstream processing of biotechnological process and develop
process design for bioproducts.
2. Distinguish the various techniques of cell disruption and UNIT-operations for separation of
bioproducts.
3. Compare various membrane separation processes as well as various product enrichment
operations.
4. Interpret various applications of chromatographic techniques for separation of bioproducts.
5. Analyze various product finishing techniques and case studies of important bioproducts
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 1 3 3
CO2 2 1 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 1 3 3
CO3 2 1 1 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 2 1 3 3
CO4 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 2 1 3 3
CO5 2 1 1 2 0 2 3 0 0 0 2 1 3 3

UNIT-IRole of Downstream Processing in Biotechnology: Role and Importance of Downstream

Processing in Biotechnological Processes; Characterization of Biomolecules (CD spectroscopy, UV-
Vis, and FTIR) and fermentation broths; Physico-chemical basis of Bio-separations; Process design
criteria for bioproducts and downstream process economics.

UNIT-II
Primary Separation and Recovery Processes: Cell Disruption methods for intracellular products:
Mechanical, Chemical, and Enzymatic Methods; Separation techniques for removal of insoluble and
biomass: Flocculation, Sedimentation, and Centrifugation; Filtration: Theory, Equipment-depth filters,
Plate and frame filters, Pressure leaf filters, Continuous rotary drum filters, Filter media, and Filter
aids, Problems on specific resistance of the cake, time taken for filtration, and compressibility of cake.
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UNIT-III
Product Enrichment Operations: Membrane-based separations: Types of membranes, Types of flow
(Crossflow, Tangential flow and Mixed flow), Types of membrane-based separations (Microfiltration,
Ultrafiltration, Dialysis, Electro dialysis, Reverse Osmosis), Design and configuration of membrane
separation equipment and Applications, Solution diffusion model, Capillary flow model; Aqueous
Two-phase extraction of proteins; Precipitation of proteins with salts and organic solvents; Adsorption
processes.

UNIT-IV
Product Purification: Chromatographic separations: Principles, Classification, General description of
column chromatography (GC, HPLC; IMAC, Bio-affinity Chromatography); Design and selection of
chromatographic matrices; Large-scale chromatographic separation processes.

UNIT-V
Finishing techniques: Pervaporation; Supercritical fluid extraction; Electrophoretic Separations; Final
Product Polishing (Crystallization and Industrial crystallizers; Drying and Industrial dryers, and
Lyophilization); Case studies (Citric acid / Penicillin and Low volume high value product like
recombinant proteins).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sivasankar B, J M Asenjo, Separation processes in Biotechnology, Marcel-Dekker, 1993.
2. Keith Wilson, John Walker, John M. Walker, Principles and Techniques of Practical
Biochemistry 5th edition Cambridge University Press, 2000.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Prasad, Krishna Kant, and Nooralabettu Krishna Prasad, Downstream process technology: a
new horizon in biotechnology, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2010.
2. Ladisch and Michael R., Bioseparation engineering: principles, practice, and economics,
Wiley publications, 2001
E-RESOURCES:
1. NPTEL course: Principles of Downstream Techniques in Bioprocess by Prof. Mukesh
Doble, IIT Madras
2. NPTEL course: Membrane Technology by Prof. Kaustubha Mohanty, IIT Guwahati
3. NPTEL course: Novel Separation Processes by Prof. S. De, IIT Kharagpur

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22BTC25
BIOINFORMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To provide elementary knowledge in bioinformatics and biological information
available to a biologist on the web and learn how to use these resources on their own.
2. To learn the fundamentals of biological databases and sequence alignment.
3. To understand the evolutionary relationship among organisms.
4. To learn methods for determining the order of the nucleotide and predicting the gene.
5. To aid in understanding structural bioinformatics and Docking.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Retrieve and analyze information from different types of biological databases
2. Identify the methods used for sequence alignment
3. Construct an evolutionary tree by using different methods and software tools
4. Sequence, assemble genome sequences, and predict the gene.
5. Predict Protein structure and demonstrate docking methods for Identification of lead
molecules
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2
CO2 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2
CO3 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2
CO4 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2
CO5 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 2

UNIT-I
Introduction to Bioinformatics and Biological Databases: Bioinformatics - Scope, and application
of Bioinformatics; Biological databases - types of biological database, file formats for biological
sequence (NCBI, EMBL, SWISS-PROT, FASTA); Information retrieval from biological Databases.

UNIT-II
Sequence Alignments: Sequence database search- FASTA, BLAST, various versions of BLAST and
FASTA; Amino acid substitution matrices - PAM and BLOSUM. Sequence Alignment - Local, Global
alignment; Methods of Pairwise sequence alignment; Methods of Multiple Sequence alignment.

UNIT-III
Phylogenetic Analysis: Understanding Evolutionary process; Relationship of phylogenetic Analysis
to sequence alignment; Concept of evolutionary trees; Methods of Phylogenetic analysis, Tree
Evaluation, Problems in Phylogenetic Analysis, Automated Tools for Phylogenetic Analysis.

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UNIT-IV
Genome Sequencing and Gene Prediction: DNA sequencing, Genome Mapping; Genome sequencing,
cDNA sequencing, Genome Sequence Assembly and tools; Genome Annotation; Human genome
project; Basis of Gene Prediction, Gene Prediction Methods in Microbial genomes and eukaryotes,
Other Gene Prediction Tools.

UNIT-V
Structural Bioinformatics and Molecular Docking: Protein structure basics, protein structure
classification, visualization and comparison, protein secondary structure prediction, and protein tertiary
structure prediction; Methods of Docking – Flexible and Rigid Docking, Applications and limitations of
docking, Docking algorithms – Genetic algorithm; QSAR.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. David Mount, “Bioinformatics Sequence and Genome Analysis”, 2 nd Edition, CBS
Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
2. Rastogi SC, Mendiratta N, and Rastogi P, “Bioinformatics: Methods and Applications
Genomics, Proteomics and Drug Discovery”, 4th edition, PHI Learning Private Limited, New
Delhi,2013.
3. Jin Xiong, “Essential Bioinformatics”, 1st Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2007.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Baxebanis AD and Francis Ouellette BF, “Bioinformatics a practical guide the analysis of
genes and proteins”, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Publication,2001.
2. Vittal R Srinivas, “Bioinformatics: A modern approach. PHI Learning Private Limited”,
New Delhi, 2009.

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22BTC26
MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To provide the students with knowledge about various UNIT-operations such as absorption,
distillation, extraction, leaching.
2. To give insight about various membrane separation processes such as adsorption, ion exchange,
dialysis, and the application of these UNIT-operations in commercial aspects of biotechnology.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Predict the rate of mass transfer in solids, liquids and gases.
2. Determine the number of trays needed for separation by Distillation.
3. Understand the equilibrium relations and the equipment for separation by Extraction and
Leaching.
4. Calculate the rate and time of drying in constant head and falling rate methods.
5. Distinguish between Liquid and gas permeation processes and understand Adsorption and ion
exchange.
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 1 2 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 3 3 3
CO2 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 0 0 2 1 3 2 3
CO3 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 0 0 2 1 2 2 1
CO4 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 0 0 2 0 3 2 1
CO5 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 0 0 2 0 3 2 3
UNIT-I
Principles of Mass Transfer: Introduction to Mass transfer and Diffusion, Molecular diffusion in
Gases, Molecular diffusion in Liquids, Molecular diffusion in Biological solutions and gels, Molecular
diffusion in Solids, Inter phase mass transfer .Gas-Liquid operations: Equilibrium relations between
phases, Mass transfer between phases, Choice of solvent for absorption, Single stage and multi stage
co current and counter current operations, Estimation of Mass transfer coefficient, packed columns and
plate columns.
UNIT-II
Principles of VLE for Binary System: Phase rule and Raoul’s law, Boiling point diagrams and x-y
plots, Relative volatility, Flash distillation, Differential distillation, Simple steam distillation.
Distillation with reflux and McCabe - Thiele method. Special Cases for rectification using McCabe -
Thiele; Stripping column distillation, Enriching Column distillation, Rectification with direct steam
injection, Rectification with single side stream.
UNIT-III
Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Leaching: Introduction to Extraction process: Equilibrium relations
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in extraction, Analytical and graphical solutions for single and multistage operations co-current and
counter current operations without reflux. Equipment for liquid-liquid extraction: mixer settlers for
extraction, Plate and Agitated Tower Contactors for Extraction, Packed and spray Extraction towers.
Introduction to leaching process: Equilibrium diagrams for leaching, Equipment for Leaching,
analytical and graphical solutions for single and multi-stage counter current operations.

UNIT-IV
Basic Concepts in Drying of Process Materials: Methods of drying, Equipment for drying; Free
moisture content of materials; Concept of bound and unbound moisture content of biological
materials; Rate of drying curves; Calculation methods for constant-rate & falling rate drying methods;
Freeze drying of biological materials.

UNIT-V
Adsorption And Membrane Separation Process: Theory of adsorption, Industrial adsorbents,
Adsorption equilibria, Frendlich equation-single and multiple operations- processing variables and
adsorption cycles; Introduction and Types of Membrane separation process: Principles of ion
exchange. Dialysis, Gas permeation membrane processes, types of membranes and permeability for
separation of gases, Introduction to types of flow in gas permeation.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. C J Geankoplis, “Transport Processes in Chemical Operations”, 4th edition, Prentice Hall
India, 2015.
2. Robert E Treybal, “Mass Transfer operations”, 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill, 2020
3. W.L. McCabe, J.C. Smith and P. Harriot, "UNIT-Operations of Chemical Engineering", 7th
Edn., McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 2019.
SUGGESTED READING:
1. Jaime Benitez, “Principles and Modern Applications of Mass Transfer Operations”, 3rd
edition, 2017.
2. J M Coulson and J F Richardson, “Chemical Engineering”, Vol-II, 3rd edition, Pergamom
Press.

E-RESOURCES:

1. NPTEL Course- NOC: Mass Transfer Operations, by Prof. Bishnupada Mandal, IIT Guwahati.

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22BTE06

GOOD MANUFACTURING AND GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES

(Professional Elective -II)

Instruction 3 L Hours per

week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objective(s):
1. Basic understanding of the regulatory requirement of cGMP
2. To know about drug development approval process and regulations related to clinical trials
3. To safely practice laboratory protocols
Course Outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:

1. Learn and adopt quickly in a GMP environment and understand the principles and
applications of the GMP and GLP.
2. Evaluate the criteria for drug approval related documentation and quality systems Importance
of GMP and GLP for drug regulation
3. Describe quality assurance, design of quality systems, risk analysis and risk assessment
4. Able to apply knowledge of laws related to drug development approval process and
regulations related to clinical trials
5. Safety practice basic laboratory procedures and protocols, maintain laboratory records
compliant with current industry standards.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 2
CO2 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3
CO3 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3
CO4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 2 2 2
CO5 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to GMP and GLP: Introduction to Good Manufacturing Laboratory Practice,
Definitions, History, Requirement of GLP and GMP compliance for regulatory approval. Role of
FDA in CGMP; Recent milestones in FDA. Good Documentation Practice (GDP), Data Integrity &
ALCOA principles

UNIT-II
Ethics and design of experiments in GMP: Ethics in manufacturing and control, Principles of
quality by design (QBD), Introduction to the concept of Design of Experiment (DOE) Application of
QBD principles in Biotech product development. Deviation/CAPA/Change Control, OOS, Failure
investigation, self-inspection

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UNIT-III
Case studies in GMP: Example of QBD and DOE in Process Development, Example of DOE in
analytical development, Introduction to ICH guidelines and their usage. National and international
regulatory authorities and their function. Risk management methods and tools; FMEA, HACCP. Risk
Management- ICH Q9, Risk Management Tools

UNIT-IV
Approval and regulation process in GMP: Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence and Laws related to
Product design, Drug Development & Approval Process, Regulation of Clinical and Preclinical
Studies State level (DCA)and central level (DCGI/CDSCO) .Production/Premises- Requirement of
Rooms, Equipment, Classification of rooms, sterile production, maintenance of hygiene

UNIT-V
General measures in GLP practices General Rules/Protocols for Lab Safety measures, Precaution
and Safety in handling of chemicals, Laboratory tools, Glassware’s and instruments. Internal and
External Audit, Basic SOP for instrument handling and maintenance,
Qualification/Calibration/Maintenance- Definitions: Qualification/validation/calibration/maintenance.
Steps in qualification- DQ, IQ, OQ, PQ. Validation of computer systems

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sarwar Beg, Md Saquib Hasnain, Pharmaceutical Quality by Design: Principles and
Applications, Academic Press, (2019)
2. Emmet P. Tobin, cGMP Starter Guide: Principles in Good Manufacturing Practices for
Beginners; Createspace Independent Publishing Platform (2016)
3. Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals: GMP in Practice. Mr. B N Cooper,
Createspace Independent Publishing Platform (2017)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceuticals: Edited by Graham P. Bunn. Seventh
edition. Boca Raton, Florida, DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES A
Series of Textbooks and Monographs Series Executive Editor James Swarbrick, CRC
Press, Taylor & Francis Group, (2019)
2. ICH guidelines available in the official website: ICH Official web site : ICH
3. Handbook of Good Laboratory Practices-World Health Organization (WHO)

Online Resources:
https://uspharmacopeia.csod.com/phnx/driver.aspx?routename=Learning/Curriculum/CurriculumPlaye
r&TargetUser=111017&curriculumLoId=a78fd65e-ed64-4051-81fe-3f6b63609188

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22BTE07
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Professional Elective -II)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To understand the scope and importance of medical biotechnology
2. To understand the differences between the normal cells and cancer cells and various
diagnostic methods used in cancer detection.
3. To gain in-depth knowledge about the clinical applications of stem cells & tissue engineering.
4. The course aims at providing knowledge about the working principles and types of advanced
materials used in medical field.
5. To learn current molecular therapies and bioethical issues.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course the students are able to
1. Outline the various types of genetic disorders.
2. Compare the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Cancer.
3. Explain the concepts of Stem cell therapy and Tissue engineering.
4. Discuss the principles and applications of biomedical devices and molecular diagnostics.
5. Classify the molecular therapies and bioethical issues.
CO-PO/PSO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 0 3 3 3
CO2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 0 2 0 3 3 3
CO3 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 0 2 0 2 3 3
CO4 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 3 3
CO5 1 0 0 2 2 3 0 3 0 2 0 2 3 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to Medical Biotechnology: Introduction, scope and importance of medical
biotechnology; The genetic basis of the disease; chromosomal disorders; single gene disorders-modes
of inheritance, Thalassemia, Sickle cell anaemia, Cystic fibrosis, Tay Sachs disease, Fragile–X-
syndrome; polygenetic disorders; Alzheimer’s disease, Type-1 Diabetes and mitochondrial disorders
(neurological disorders).

UNIT-II
Medical Oncology: Cancer types; Normal cells vs. cancer cells; cancer genetics; oncogenes and
their proteins; tumor suppressor genes and their functions, diagnosis of cancer, Treatment of cancer;
Radiation therapy, chemotherapy.

UNIT-III
Stem Cell Treatment and Tissue Engineering: Cellular therapy, stem cells- definition, types,
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properties and uses of stem cells; sources of embryonic and adult stem cells; Induced Pluripotent
Stem cells, concept of tissue engineering; role of scaffolds; clinical applications of stem cells; stem
cell banking and ethical issues.

UNIT-IV
Biomedical Devices, Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers: Concepts in Biomaterials; principle,
properties of Biomaterials and applications of different types of biomedical devices; pacemakers,
drug coated stents, knee replacement implants, dental implants, prosthetics), molecular diagnostics
by DNA approaches (Taq MAN approach, RT-PCR, Applications of biosensors in medicine. Cellular
imaging, in vivo imaging of the biomarkers of the disease, epigenetic markers, fluid-based
biomarkers, imaging-based biomarkers (PET, MRI).

UNIT-V
Molecular Therapeutics and Bioethical Issues: Types of molecular therapies; protein therapy by
recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies, Enzymes (DNase-1, Alpha-1antitrypsin), Lactic acid bacteria
by Leptin, antisense therapy, recombinant vaccines; Bioethical issues in IVF, surrogacy and cloning
technologies.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Judith Pongracz, Mary Keen, “Medical Biotechnology”, illustrated edition, Elsevier Health
Sciences, 2009.
2. Bernard R Glick, Cheryl L. Patton, Terry L. Delovitch, “Medical biotechnology”,1 stedition,
ASM press, 2013.

SUGGESTED READINGs:
1. Truepenny, Emerys “Elemental Medical Genetics”, 14th edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2012.
2. R.J.B. King, Robins, “Cancer Biology”, 3rdedition, Prentice Hall, 2006.

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22BTE08
PHYTOCHEMICALS AND HERBAL PRODUCTS
(Professional Elective -II)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To impart knowledge on medicinal plants and the extraction of crude drugs.
2. To provide comprehensive knowledge on analysis, types, and detection of
phytochemicals and adulterants.
3. To impart knowledge on the applications of various phytochemicals and herbal products.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Classify the sources of various crude drugs and their medicinal values.
2. Outline the procedures involved in the detection, extraction, and analysis
of crude drugs and adulterants.
3. Interpret the structure, types and extraction procedure of different plant secondary
products.
4. Outline the applications of phytochemicals.
5. Discuss the various aspects of herbal products and licensing of herbal drugs

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 1 2
CO2 - 1 - - 2 - - - - - - 1 3 3
CO3 - 1 - 1 2 - - - - - - 1 3 3
CO4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1
CO5 - - - - - 2 1 2 - - - - 2 2

UNIT-I
Crude Drugs, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Crude Drugs - Scope and Importance, Classification
(Taxonomical, Morphological, Chemical, Pharmacological); Collection and processing of Crude
Drugs; Utilization of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India; Genetics as applied to Medicinal herbs;
Biogenesis of Phytopharmaceuticals.

UNIT-II
Analysis Of Phytochemicals: Methods of Drug evaluation (Morphological, Microscopic, Physical
and Chemical); Preliminary screening, Assay of Drugs - Biological evaluation/assays, Microbiological
methods, Chemical Methods of Analysis and Detection of Adulterants: Chemical estimations; Drug
adulteration - Types of adulterants.

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UNIT-III
Types Of Phytochemicals: Carbohydrates and their derived products- Structures, types and extraction
methods: Glycosides - Digitalis, Aloe, Dioscorea; Volatile Oils - Clove, Mentha; Alkaloids - Taxus,
Papaver, Cinchona; Flavonoids-and Resins; Tannins (Hydrolysable and Condensed types).

UNIT-IV
Applications Of Phytochemicals: Application of phytochemicals in industry and healthcare;
Biocides, Bio- fungicides, Biopesticides.

UNIT-V
Herbal Products: History, Scope, and Current aspects of herbs and herbal medicines; Classification
of active components of therapeutic plant and herbal products; Preparation of standardized extracts of
Garcinea, Forskolin, Garlic, Turmeric and Capsicum, issues of licensing of herbal drugs.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, and Gokhale SB, “Pharmacognosy”, 4 th edition, Nirali Prakashan,
1996.
2. Trease and Evans WC Evans, “Pharmacognosy”, 14th edition, Harcourt Brace & Company.
1989.
3. Hornok L, “Cultivation & Processing of Medicinal Plants” Chichester, U. K: J. Wiley &
Sons.1992.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Natural Products in medicine: A Biosynthetic Approach Wiley. 1997
2. Chaudhri RD, “Herbal Drugs industry, A practical approach to Industrial Pharmacognosy” Eastern
publishers, 2nd reprint, New Delhi. 1999.

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20BT E09
REGULATORY AFFAIRS AND CLINICAL TRIALS
(Professional Elective–II)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To make the students understand about Intellectual property rights and their importance,
National and
2. International regulatory affairs, GCP & ICH guidelines.
3. To introduce and provide a comprehensive introduction to Regulatory Affairs as typically
practiced by
Regulatory Affairs professionals in medical device and biopharma companies.
4. To enable students to follow the Current trends in Clinical research and regulations.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Classify the role of regulatory committees in controlling the risk and information on ethical
issues linked to research on animal models, and transgenics.
2. Summarize the Government of India's rules and regulations about the ICH, GCP, and FDA
guidelines.
3. Discuss the role of regulatory affairs and their significance globally.
4. Outline the criteria for drug approval-related documentation.
5. Discuss the various phases of clinical trials and the basis of approval of new drugs, their
outcome in new drug discovery.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 0 0 2 0 0 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 3
CO2 1 2 2 0 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 2
CO3 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 0 1 1 1 2
CO4 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 2 2
CO5 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 2 3

UNIT-I
Regulatory affairs: Definitions of ACT, regulation, guidance, responsibilities of RA professionals.
Investigational New Drug, applications. Regulatory framework in India governing GMOs-
Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RDAC), Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC), Review
Committee on Genetic Manipulation, Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC),
Recombinant DNA Guidelines (1990),

UNIT-II
Regulatory Affairs- India: Indian contest- requirements and guidelines of GMP, understanding of
Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940 and rules 1945 with SUGGESTED READING schedule M, U & Y.
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The Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise
Duties) Act, 1955 The Pharmacy Act, 1948 Types of ANDA filing (Para I, II, III, IV filing) Clinical
trial approval by Drug Controller General of India (DCGI, CDSCO) Exclusivities (NCE, NS, NP,
NDF, PED, ODE, PC). ADR: definition and classification

UNIT-III
Regulatory Affairs- Global: Introduction to FDA, WHO, Code of Federal Regulations, ICH
guidelines in Pharmaco vigilance. Related quality systems- objectives and guidelines of USFDA,
WHO & European Medicines Agency and its responsibility, EU clinical trial directive. Requirement
of GLP: Guidance and recommendation on Dissolution and Bio-equivalence requirement. Hatch
Waxmann Act.

UNIT-IV
Documentation And Protocols: Documentation: Types related to the pharmaceuticals industry,
protocols, harmonizing formulation development for global fillings, NDA, ANDA, IND, BLA, CTD,
DMF, Dealing with post approval changes- SUPAC, handling and maintenance including electronic
documentation, 510K device application.

UNIT-V
Introduction To Clinical Research: History, Importance, Phases, Scope and stakeholders in clinical
research, Declaration of Helenski, 2000 amendment, Principles of GCP, Roles and responsibilities in
clinical research according to ICH GCP, Sponsor, Investigator, Essential documentation,
Confidentiality issues. Clinical data management system, Double data entry.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Good Clinical Practices, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, Govt. of India Drugs and
Cosmetics Act, 1940.
2. Dominique PB and Gerhardt Nahler, “International Clinical Trial”, Volume 1&2, Interpharm
Press, Denver, Colorado.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Code of Federal Regulations by USFDA-Download
2. ICH-GCP Guidelines-Download.
3. Fleming DA, Hunt DL, “Biological Safety Principles and Practices”, 3 rdedition, ASM Press,
Washington, 2000.

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22BTE10
STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(Professional Elective -II)

Instruction 3 L Hours per

week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives: This course focuses on

1. To provide the foundation for understanding, the basic structural biology of macromolecules
such as Proteins, DNA, and RNA.
2. To give an understanding of the energetics and kinetics of proteins that will facilitate
application to current and future research problems.
3. To provide knowledge about various biophysical techniques for protein structure
determination.
4. To give an understanding of various bioinformatics tools in structural biology.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Demonstrates the hierarchy in protein organization and structure-function relationship
2. Outlines the mechanisms, dynamics, and physical interactions that maintain protein structure.
3. Demonstrate the basic techniques involved in determining the structure of biomolecules
4. Assess conceptual basics of structural dynamics of other macromolecules DNA, RNA &
enzyme
5. Illustrates the computer-based visualizations and molecular simulations

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 3
CO2 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 2
CO3 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2
CO4 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3
CO5 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2

UNIT-I
Protein Structural Biology: Conformational effect of amino acid on protein structure, basic
polypeptide stereochemistry, hierarchy in protein folds: secondary structure, tertiary structure,
quaternary structure. Motifs and domains of protein structures. Structure Conformational analysis.

UNIT-II
Protein Kinetics and Energetics: Mechanism of Protein folding- kinetics intermediates- transition
states. Thermodynamics of protein stability: Driving forces in protein folding - Estimation of solvation
free energies. Bonds and energies in macromolecules- Covalent, Ionic, coordinate, hydrophobic, and
Vander walls interactions. Phase problem and methods of phase separation

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UNIT-III
Methods for structure determination: Basics of Crystallization, methods of protein crystallization,
Macromolecular crystallography: X-ray crystallography, Bragg equation, scattering factor, Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Single particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy, FRET advantages and
disadvantages of all the processes.

UNIT-IV
DNA, RNA, and Enzyme structures: DNA and RNA secondary structures (duplex, triplex,
quadruplexes, and aptamers), RNA secondary structure prediction. Structural dynamics: Dynamics of
Protein-RNA complexes, Enzyme-ligand interaction, Structure-function relationship.

UNIT-V
Computational Structure Biology: Protein Structure visualization tools, Protein fold-function
relationships, best practices on the use of protein structures from protein data bank: Protein Data Bank
(PDB) and EM Data Bank, BioMagResBank (BMRB). Introduction to molecular dynamics
simulation, the need for simulation in studying biology, case studies on structure-based drug designing
and protein engineering.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Liljas L, Nissen P, Lindblom G, Textbook of Structural Biology, Volume 8 of Series in Structural
Biology, World Scientific, 2016.
2. Introduction to Protein Architecture: The Structural Biology of Proteins, 2014, Lesk A. M.,
Oxford University Press; 4th revised Edition.
3. Schwede T, Computational Structural Biology: Methods and Applications, World Scientific,
2008.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Principles of nucleic acid structure, by Stephen Neidle.
2. K.P.Murphy. Protein structure, stability and folding (2001) Humana press. ISBN 0-89603682-0
3. Arthur M. Lesk Introduction to protein architecture (2001) Oxford University Press.
ISBN0198504748
4. The Art of Molecular Dynamics Simulation by D. C. Rapaport Cambridge University Press; 2nd
edition 2004.
5. Biochemistry, Berg J, M., Stryer L., Tymoczko J, Gatto G. WH Freeman & Co, 2019, 9th Edition.

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22MTO20
BIO-STATISTICS
(For Biotechnology only)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. Learn the language and core concepts of Statistics
2. Understand basic principles of Random variable and probability function
3. Learn the procedure to fit the random phenomenon using Probability distributions
4. Understand the concept of testing of hypothesis.
5. Learn the methods for analyzing data using Analysis of Variance.
Course Outcomes: On the successful completion of this course, the student shall be able to
1. Use basic counting techniques to compute probability
2. Compute conditional probabilities using Bayes Theorem
3. Use the probability distributions for fitting of random behavior
4. Find confidence intervals for parameter estimation
5. Setup one way and two way classification for analyzing the data

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 2
CO2 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 2
CO3 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 2
CO4 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 2
CO5 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - 2

UNIT-I
BASIC STATISTICS: Types of data – Methods of collection of data-Graphical representation of
data-Histogram-Boxplot-Pie chart. Frequency distribution, Measures of central tendencies, Measures
of dispersion, Skewness, Bowley’s coefficient, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness, Kurtosis,
Correlation - Lines of regression, properties of correlation coefficients, applications of Biotechnology.

UNIT-II
RANDOM VARIABLES: Basic theorems of Probability, conditional probability, Baye’s theorem,
Random variable- types of Random variable-probability mass function - probability density functions-
Mathematical Expectation, Variance, Co-Variance and their properties, Moments about a point and
Moments about the Mean.

UNIT-III
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS: Discrete probability distribution: Binomial Distribution, Mean,
Variance, MGF, CGF, Poisson distribution, Mean, Variance, MGF, CGF, fitting of Poisson
distribution. Continuous Probability Distributions: Normal distribution, Standard Normal random
variable Expectation, Variance, MGF , CGF, Properties of Normal Curve and Areas under Normal
curve.
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UNIT-IV
LARGE SAMPLE TEST: Test of significance, null and alternative hypotheses, Errors in sampling,
level of significance, critical region, one tailed and two tailed tests. Large sample test: Test of
significance for single proportion, difference of proportions, single mean and difference of means.
Difference of Standard Deviations.

UNIT-V
SMALL SAMPLE TEST: Test of significance, t-Test for single mean, differences of Means. F- test
for equality of two population variances, 𝜒2 − 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 ,Goodness of fit test, test of independent of
attributes-r x c-tables, Analysis of variance, Assumptions for ANOVA test, One way Classification,
Two Way Classification.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. S.C.Gupta and Dr.V.K.Kapor,“Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics: A Modern
Approach”, tenth edition, Publishers: Sultan Chand & Sons,2005.
2. A.K.Sharma ,”Text Book of Bio-Statistics”; Discovery Publishing House, 2005.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Mahajan, “Methods in Bio-Statistics”,Japee Brothers Publishers, 2002.
2. P.S.S Sunder Rao and J.Richard,“Introduction to Bio-Statistics and Research Methods” fifth
edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.2012.
3. S.C.Gupta and Dr.V.K.Kapoor, “Fundamentals of Applied Statistics”, tenth edition, Publishers:
Sultan Chand & Sons, 2005.

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22EGO01
TECHNICAL WRITING SKILLS
(Open Elective-I)

Instruction 3 L Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Prerequisite: Language proficiency and the ability to simplify complex technical concepts for a
diverse audience.

Course Objectives:The course will introduce the students to:

1. Process of communication and channels of communication in general writing and technical
writing in particular.
2. Learn Technical Writing including sentence structure and be able to understand and use
technology specific words.
3. Write business letters and technical articles.
4. Write technical reports and technical proposals.
5. Learn to write agenda, record minutes of a meeting, draft memos. Understand how to make
technical presentations.

Course Outcomes: After successful completion of the course students will be able to:
1. Communicate effectively, without barriers and understand aspects of technical
communication.
2. Differentiate between general writing and technical writing and write error free sentences
using technology specific words.
3. Apply techniques of writing in business correspondence and in writing articles.
4. Draft technical reports and technical proposals.
5. Prepare agenda and minutes of a meeting and demonstrate effective technical presentation
skills.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 - 2 1 1 - 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 1 1
CO2 - 1 - 1 - - - 1 2 2 1 2 1 1
CO3 - 2 - 2 - 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 1
CO4 2 2 1 3 - 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 2
CO5 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 2

UNIT-I
Communication – Nature and process.
Channels of Communication – Downward, upward and horizontal communication. Barriers to
communication.
Technical Communication – Definition, oral and written communication. Importance and need for
Technical communication. Nature of Technical Communication. Aspects and forms of Technical
communication. Technical communication Skills – Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing.

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UNIT-II
Technical Writing – Techniques of writing. Selection of words and phrases in technical writing.
Differences between technical writing and general writing. Abstract and specific words. Sentence
structure and requisites of sentence construction. Paragraph length and structure.

UNIT-III
Business correspondence – Sales letters, letters of Quotation, Claim and Adjustment letters.
Technical Articles: Nature and significance, types. Journal articles and Conference papers, elements
of technical articles.

UNIT-IV
Technical Reports: Types, significance, structure, style and writing of reports. Routine reports,
Project reports.
Technical Proposals: Definition, types, characteristics, structure and significance.

UNIT-V
Mechanics of Meetings: Preparation of agenda, participation, chairing and writing minutes of a
meeting. Memorandum. Seminars, workshops and conferences.
Technical Presentations: Defining purpose, audience and locale, organizing content, preparing an
outline, use of Audio Visual Aids, nuances of delivery, importance of body language and voice
dynamics.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Meenakshi Raman & Sangeeta Sharma, “Technical Communications-Principles and Practice”,
Oxford University Press, Second Edition, 2012.
2. M Ashraf Rizvi, “Effective Technical Communication”, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt Ltd,
2012.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Kavita Tyagi & Padma Misra, “Basic Technical Communication”, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd,
2012.
2. R.C Sharma & Krishna Mohan, “Business Correspondence and Report Writing”, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2003.

E-RESOURCES:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc18_mg13/preview
2. https://www.technical-writing-training-and-certification.com/
3. https://academy.whatfix.com/technical-writing-skills

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22CIO01
FUNDAMENTALS OF IoT
(Open Elective-I)

Instruction 3 L Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Pre-Requisites: Programming Basics, Computer Architecture and Micro Processor.

Course Objectives:
1. Impart necessary and practical knowledge of components in Internet of Things.
2. Understand working of IoT Systems.
3. Develop skills required to build IoT based systems.

Course Outcomes: By the end of this course, students should be able to:
1. Understand the various concepts, terminologies and architecture of IoT systems.
2. Classify various sensing devices and actuator types.
3. Understand the Associated IOT Technologies.
4. Develop the IoT application using the different board.
5. Understand and apply various protocols for design of IoT systems.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - 1
CO2 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 2
CO3 1 1 - 1 2 - - - - - - 1
CO4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 - 2
CO5 2 2 1 1 1 - - - - - - 2

UNIT-I
Introduction to IoT: IoT Definition, IoT Characteristics, IoT Applications, Key Components of IoT
System Things/Device, Gateway, Cloud/Server, Analytics, User Interface, Architecture of IoT.
IoT Challenges: Design Challenges, Security Challenges.

UNIT-II
Machine-to-Machine Communications, Difference between IoT and M2M.
IoT Sensing and Actuation: Introduction, Sensors, Sensor Characteristics, Sensorial Deviations,
Sensing Types, Sensing Considerations, Actuators, Actuator Types, Actuator Characteristics.
Associated IoT technologies: Cloud Computing: Introduction, Virtualization, Cloud Models, Service-
Level Agreement in Cloud Computing, Sensor-Cloud: Sensors-as-a-Service.

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UNIT-III
Programming with Arduino Uno: ARDUINO UNO board Block diagram, Sketch Structure, Data
types & Built in Constants, Operators: Arithmetic, Bitwise, Compound, Comparison, and Boolean,
Control statements and Loops, Functions and library functions, LED Blinking using Arduino, Serial
Communication Functions,
Introduction to Raspberry Pi Programming, Sample Implementation of IoT with Raspberry Pi

UNIT-IV
IoT Protocols: MQTT, CoAP, XMPP, AMQP, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee, Z-Wave, RPL.

UNIT-V
IoT Case Studies And Future Trends: Vehicular IoT – Introduction, Healthcare IoT – Introduction,
Case Studies, IoT Analytics – Introduction Smart City-Smart Lighting, Smart Parking Environment,
Agricultural IoT – Introduction and Case Studies.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Sudip Misra, Anandarup Mukherjee, Arijit Roy, “Introduction to IoT”, Cambridge University
Press 2021.
2. Arshdeep Bahga and Vijay Madisetti, "Internet of Things: A Hands-on Approach", Universities
Press, 2014.
SUGGESTED READING:
1. S. Misra, C. Roy, and A. Mukherjee, 2020. Introduction to Industrial Internet of Things and
Industry 4.0. CRC Press.
2. Francis daCosta, “Rethinking the Internet of Things: A Scalable Approach to Connecting
Everything”, 1st Edition, Apress Publications, 2013.

E-RESOURCES:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc24_cs35/preview
2. https://www.nabto.com/guide-iot-protocols-standards/

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22CAO01

FOUNDATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING

(Open Elective-I)

Instruction 3 Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3
Pre-requisites: Probability and Statistics

Course Objectives:
1. The objective of the course is to provide a strong foundation of fundamental concepts in
Artificial Intelligence
2. A basic exposition to the goals and methods of Artificial Intelligence, and fundamentals of
machine learning

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course, the student will be able to
1. Enumerate the history and foundations of Artificial Intelligence.
2. Apply the basic principles of AI in problem solving.
3. Choose the appropriate representation of Knowledge.
4. Enumerate the Perspectives and Issues in Machine Learning.
5. Identify issues in Decision Tree Learning.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 1 - 2 - 2 1 1 - 1
CO2 1 2 - - - 1 - 1 - - - 1
CO3 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 - - - 1
CO4 2 2 - - 1 - 1 2 1 1 1 2
CO5 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2

UNIT-I
Introduction: What Is AI?, The Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, The History of Artificial
Intelligence, The State of the Art, Agents and Environments, Good Behavior: The Concept of
Rationality, The Nature of Environments, The Structure of Agents.

UNIT-II
Problem Solving: Problem-Solving Agents, Example Problems, Searching for Solutions, Uninformed
Search Strategies, Informed (Heuristic) Search Strategies, Local Search Algorithms and Optimization
Problems, Searching with Nondeterministic Actions.

UNIT-III
Knowledge Representation: Knowledge-Based Agents, Logic, Propositional Logic: A Very Simple
Logic, Ontological Engineering, Categories and Objects, Events, Mental Events and Mental Objects,
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Reasoning Systems for Categories, The Internet Shopping World.

UNIT-IV
Introduction to Machine Learning: Well-Posed Learning Problem, Designing a Learning system,
Perspectives and Issues in Machine Learning. Concept Learning and The General-to-Specific
Ordering: Introduction, A Concept Learning Task, Concept Learning as Search, FIND-S: Finding a
Maximally Specific Hypothesis, Version Spaces and the Candidate Elimination Algorithm, Remarks
on Version spaces and Candidate- Elimination, Inductive Bias

UNIT-V
Decision Tree Learning: Introduction, Decision Tree Representation, Appropriate Problems for
Decision Tree Learning, The Basic Decision Tree Learning Algorithm, Hypothesis Space Search in
Decision Tree Learning, Inductive Bias in Decision Tree Learning, Issues in Decision Tree Learning.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach” , 3 rd Edition,
Pearson.
2. Tom M. Mitchell, Machine Learning, McGraw Hill Edition, 2013

SUGGESTED READING BOOKS:

1. Saroj Kaushik, “Artificial Intelligence”, Cengage Learning India, 2011.
2. Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight, “Artificial Intelligence”, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. David Poole and Alan Mackworth, “Artificial Intelligence: Foundations for Computational
Agents”, Cambridge University Press 2010. )
4. Trivedi, M.C., “A Classical Approach to Artifical Intelligence”, Khanna Publishing House, Delhi.
5. Christopher Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (PRML) , Springer, 2007.
6. ShaiShalev-Shwartz and Shai Ben-David, Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to
Algorithms (UML) , Cambridge University Press, 2014.

E-RESOURCES:
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106105077
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106106126
3. https://aima.cs.berkeley.edu
4. https://ai.berkeley,edu/project_overview.html
5. http://www.zuj.edu.jo/download/machine-learning-tom-mitchell-pdf/
6. http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/egbhuang/pdf/ieee-is-elm.pdf
7. https://swayam.gov.in/nd1_noc20_cs73/preview

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22BTC27
BIOSEPARATION ENGINEERING LAB
Instruction 3 P Hours per week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5

Course Objectives:
1. To provide an opportunity to experimentally verify the theoretical concepts studied.
2. To give extensive exposure to various UNIT-operations of downstream processing.
3. To design a protocol for the separation of bioproduct based on characteristics.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to
1. Evaluate various techniques for cell disruption, filtration, and separation of bioproducts.
(Expt: 1-5)
2. Analyze the optimum product enrichment techniques like precipitation and extraction
followed by separation. (Expt: 6-9)
3. Demonstrate the chromatographic separation process for a given compound. (Expt: 10-12)
4. Apply a strategy for final product purification/ polishing of a bioproduct. (Expt: 13, 14)
5. Develop methods for determining enzyme activity. (Expt: 15)

CO-PO/PSO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 2 0 3 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 3 3
CO2 2 2 0 3 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 3 3
CO3 2 2 1 3 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 3 3
CO4 2 2 1 3 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 3 3
CO5 2 2 1 3 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 3 3

At least 10 experiments to be conducted from the following list of experiments.

List of Experiments:
2. Cell Disruption of microorganisms by Enzymatic method
3. Cell Disruption of plant cells/animal cells by Physical methods (Temperature or Osmolysis)
4. Cell Disruption of microorganisms by Ultrasonication method
5. Separation of solids from liquid by Sedimentation and Centrifugation
6. Separation of microorganisms from fermentation broth by Microfiltration or Ultrafiltration
7. Separation of protein by Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation (Structured inquiry)
8. Isolation and quantification of protein from milk by Isoelectric Precipitation
9. Separation of solute particles by Dialysis
10. Separation of biomolecules by Aqueous two-phase extraction.
11. Separation of biomolecules by Gel Exclusion Chromatography.
12. Purification of lysozyme from chicken egg white extract by Ion Exchange Chromatography.
13. Purification of proteins by Affinity Chromatography.
14. Separation of a binary mixture by simple distillation.
15. Purification of bioproducts by drying or crystallization or lyophilization
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16. Estimation of Alpha-amylase activity (open ended Experiment)

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. David Plummer, “An introduction to Practical Biochemistry” 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons
2. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Keith John
Walker John Walker, Cambridge University Press; 6 edition (2005).
3. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry By J. Jayaraman, Kunthala Jayaramanj, New Age
International

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22BTC28
BIOINFORMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LAB

Instruction 3 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5
Course Objective:
1. To provide practical instructions to the students on using the specific databases and learn how
to use these resources on their own and analyze the output.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Retrieve the information from biological databases (Expt. 1,2)
2. Utilize BLAST and FASTA online tools to identify the sequence similarity (Expt. 3, 4)
3. Use online sequence alignment tools and construction of evolutionary tree by phylogenetic
analysis (Expt. 5,6,7)
4. Predict genes and design primers and construct restriction map. (Expt. 8, 9, 10, 11)
5. Retrieve macromolecular structures and perform docking of a ligand to its target (Expt 12, 13)

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1
CO2 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1
CO3 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1
CO4 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1
CO5 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1

Atleast 10 experiments to be conducted from the following list of experiments.

List of Experiments:
1. Searching Bibliographic databases for relevant information.
2. Sequence retrieval from DNA and protein databases.
3. BLAST services.
4. FASTA services.
5. Pair-wise comparison of sequences (Local and global alignment).
6. Multiple Sequence Alignment.
7. Evolutionary studies/ Phylogenetic Analysis.
8. Identification of Genes in Genomes.
9. NCBI ORF Finder.
10. Restriction Mapping (Structured inquiry)
11. Primer Design (Open-ended experiment)
12. Protein Databank retrieval and visualization.
13. Molecular docking with Auto docking Vina
SUGGESTED READING:
1. Baxebanis AD and Francis Ouellette BF, “Bioinformatics a practical guide the analysis of genes
and proteins”, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Publication,2001.

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22BTC29
MINI PROJECT

Instruction 4 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE -
SEE -
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 2

Prerequisite: Knowledge of basic lab techniques and tools in Biotechnology

Course Objectives: This course aims to:

1. To enable students learning by practical realization.
2. To develop the capability to analyze and solve real world problems.
3. To develop technical writing and presentation skills.

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Formulate mini project proposal through a literature survey.
2. Plan, design, and analyze the proposed mini project.
3. To Simulate and execute the mini project for validation.
4. Enhance oral presentation skills.
5. Prepare and submit the mini project report.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 3 2 2 - 2 1 1 3 - 2 3 2 3
CO2 1 3 2 2 - - - - 3 - 1 2 1 3
CO3 - 2 1 2 2 - - - 3 - - - - 2
CO4 - - - - - - - - 3 3 1 - - -
CO5 - - - 1 - - - - 3 3 1 - - -

The students are required to choose emerging technology topic for mini project related to the
domain. The students have to design and simulate/ implement as per the given schedule. Students
have to give an oral presentation in the presence of the department review committee, finally
report of the mini project work has to be submitted for evaluation.

Schedule
S. no Description Duration
1 Problem identification/selection 2 weeks
2 Preparation of abstract 1 Week
3 Design, implementation and execution of the project 7 Weeks
4 Documentation and mini project presentation 4 Weeks

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Guidelines for the Evaluation

S. no Description Duration
1 Weekly Assessment 20
2 PPT Preparation 5
3 Presentation 10
4 Queries and Answer 5
5 Documentation of mini project 10
Total 50

Guidelines:
1. Each student will be allotted to a faculty supervisor for mentoring.
2. Mini projects may be targeted to achieve practical competencies.
3. Mini projects shall have inter-disciplinary/ industry relevance.
4. All the results obtained are to be clearly presented and documented with the
reasons/explanations.

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With effect from the Academic Year 2027-28

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

In line with the AICTE Model Curriculum with effect from AY 2027-28

B. Tech BIOTECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER-VII

Scheme of
Scheme of Examination
Instruction
S.
Maximu
N Course Code Title of the Course Hours Duratio Credits
m
o Per week n of SEE
Marks
in Hours
L T P CIE SEE
THEORY
1 22BTC30 Animal Biotechnology 3 - - 3 40 60 3
2 22BTC31 Enzyme Technology 3 - - 3 40 60 3
3 22MBC01 Engineering Economics 3 - - 3 40 60 3
and Accountancy
Professional Elective – 3 3
4 22BTEXX - - 3 40 60
III
5 Open Elective – II 3 - - 3 40 60 3
PRACTICALS
6 22BTC32 Animal Biotechnology - - 3 3 50 50 1.5
Lab
Enzyme Technology - - 2 3 50 50 1
22BTC36 Lab
7 22BTC33 Project Part - I - - 4 - 50 - 2
Total 15 0 9 350 400 19.5
Clock hours per week: 24
L: Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical
CIE – Continuous Internal Evaluation SEE - Semester End Examination
22BTEXX Professional Elective – III Open Elective - II
22BTE11 Environmental Biotechnology 22EGO02 Gender Sensitization
22BTE12 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 22MEO02 3D Printing
22BTE13 Genome editing 22EEO04 Waste Management
22BTE14 Biomaterials 22CAO03 Foundations of Deep Learning
22BTE15 Genomics and Proteomics

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22BTC30
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. Students are expected to understand the techniques used for animal cell culture.
2. Students will learn various steps involved in the establishment of primary culture,
maintenance and scale-up of animal cells.
3. Students will know about the measurement of cell viability & cytotoxicity and cell death.
4. Students are expected to know about stem cells and their applications.
5. Students will know about IVF and embryo transfer, cloning and gene transfer methods
for the generation of transgenic animals and their applications.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Explain the animal cell culture requirements and techniques.
2. Outline the establishment maintenance and scale-up of animal cell culture.
3. Discuss Stem cells and their applications and procedure for measurement of cell viability
and cytotoxicity and cell death.
4. Explain various methods for IVF and embryo transfer, cloning and generation of
transgenic animals and their applications.
5. Outline various applications of animal biotechnology.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 3 3
CO2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 3
CO3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 1 3 3 2
CO4 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 1 3 2 3
CO5 2 1 1 3 1 3 2 3 1 2 1 3 3 3

UNIT-I
Animal Cell Tissue Culture: History and scope of animal cell tissue culture, advantages and
disadvantages of tissue culture; Laboratory facilities for animal tissue culture; Aseptic techniques; the
substrate on which cells grow; Treatment of substrate surfaces; Culture media for cells and tissues.

UNIT-II
Primary Culture and Cell Lines: Disaggregation (Enzymatic and Mechanical) of tissue and Primary
culture. Culture cells and evolution of cell lines. Maintenance of cultures- Cell lines, Cell separation,
Cell synchronization; Cloning of cell lines; Cell transformation; Bioreactors for animal cell culture;
Scaling-up of animal cell culture.

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UNIT-III
Stem Cells, Cell Viability and Toxicity: Stem cells, types of stem cells, embryonic stem cells and
their applications; Measurement of cell viability and cytotoxicity, Measurement of cell death;
Senescence, Apoptosis, Necrosis.

UNIT-IV
Embryo Transfer, Cloning and Transgenic Animals: Artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization
and embryo transfer; Cloning of animals - Reproductive cloning, Therapeutic cloning; Gene transfer
or Transfection methods; Transgenic animals- Mice, Sheep, Pig, Rabbit, Goat, Cow and fish.

UNIT-V
Applications of Animal Biotechnology: Application of animal cell culture; Mammalian cell
products; viral vaccines produced from animal cell cultures. Three-dimensional culture; Tissue
engineering.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ian Freshney, R., “Culture of Animal Cells: A manual of basic technique and specialized
applications” Seventh edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2016.
2. John Masters, “Animal Cell Culture: A practical approach” OUP Oxford, 2000.
3. Gupta P.K., “Biotechnology and Genomics” Rastogi Publications, 1 st edition, 6th reprint, 2013.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Srivastava, A.K., Singh, R.K., Yadav, M.P., “Animal Biotechnology” Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
2. Ranga, M.M., “Animal Biotechnology”, 3 reprint, Agrobios, India, 2010.

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22BTC31

ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To learn about basic aspects of enzymes.
2. To understand the catalytic strategies and mechanism of enzyme action.
3. To learn the role of enzyme kinetics and its action.
4. To understand the methods of enzyme immobilization
5. To study about mass transfer kinetics of immobilized enzymes.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Discuss the nomenclature and classification, properties, isolation and purification of
enzymes.
2. Describe the catalytic strategies and mechanism of enzyme action
3. Interpret the kinetics of enzyme action and inhibition.
4. Compare various enzyme immobilization techniques and analyze the mass transfer
effects in immobilized enzyme systems.
5. Assess the applications of enzymes in different fields.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 2 2
CO2 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 2 2
CO3 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 2 3
CO4 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 2 2
CO5 2 0 1 0 0 3 3 3 1 1 0 3 3 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to Enzymes: Enzyme, coenzymes, cofactor; general properties of enzymes; Enzyme
nomenclature; Classification of enzymes based upon the type of reaction they catalyze, Factors
affecting the rates of chemical reactions - Collision theory, transition state theory, Mechanism of
catalysis; isolation and purification of crude enzyme extracts from the plant, animal and microbial
sources; Development of enzymatic assays.

UNIT-II
Catalytic Strategies and Mechanisms of Enzyme Action: Catalytic strategies – Lysozyme,
Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase A, chymotrypsin; Mechanisms of enzyme action; Concept of

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active site and energetics of enzyme-substrate complex formation; Specificity of enzyme action.

UNIT-III
Kinetics of Enzyme Action and Enzyme Inhibition: Kinetics of single substrate reactions; Turn
over number; Derivation of Michaelis -Menten equation; Kinetics of Multi-substrate reaction; Types
of Enzyme Inhibition - Reversible inhibition and Irreversible inhibition; Allosteric enzymes.

UNIT-IV
Enzyme Immobilization and Mass Transfer Effects in Immobilized Enzyme Systems: Physical
and chemical techniques for enzyme immobilization - adsorption, matrix entrapment, encapsulation,
cross-linking, covalent binding; Overview of applications of immobilized enzyme systems; Analysis
of Film and pore Diffusion Effects on the kinetics of Immobilized Enzyme Reactions; Formulation of
dimensionless groups and calculation of Effectiveness Factors.

UNIT-V
Applications of Enzymes: Applications of commercial enzymes- Proteases; Amylases; Lipases;
Cellulases; Pectinases; Isomerases in food, pharmaceutical and other industries; Enzymes for
analytical and diagnostic purposes.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Trevor Palmer, Philip Bonner, “Enzymes”, 2nd edition, WoodheadPublishing,2007.
2. Andreas S. Bommarius, Bettina R. Riebel, “Biocatalysis - Fundamentals and Applications”,
Wiley-VCH, 2004.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Shanmugan, S., “Enzyme technology” I. K. International PvtLtd,2009.
2. Voet and Voet J.G, “Biochemistry”, 4nd edition, John C.WileyandSons, 2010.

E RESOURCES:
1. Coursera - Industrial Biotechnology by University of Manchester,Website: Coursera -
Industrial Biotechnology
2. edX - Principles of Biochemistry by Harvard University, Website: edX - Principles of
Biochemistry
3. NPTEL - Enzyme Science and Engineering by IIT Kharagpur,Website: NPTEL - Enzyme
Science and Engineering

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22MBC01

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
This course aims to:
1. To demonstrate the importance of Managerial Economics in Decision Making.
2. To explain the concept of Accountancy and provide basic knowledge on preparation of Final
accounts.
3. To understand the importance of Project Evaluation in achieving a firm’s Objective.

Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of this Course, student will be able to:
1. Apply fundamental knowledge of Managerial Economics concepts and tools.
2. Analyze various aspects of Demand Analysis, Supply and Demand Forecasting.
3. Understand Production and Cost relationships to make best use of resources available.
4. Apply Accountancy Concepts and Conventions and preparation of Final Accounts.
5. Evaluate Capital and Capital Budgeting decision based on any technique.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - -
CO2 2 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1
CO3 1 2 1 2 2 - 2 1 - 1 - -
CO4 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 - 1 - -
CO5 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 - - 1 2 1

UNIT-I
Introduction to Managerial Economics: Introduction to Economics and its evolution - Managerial
Economics - its Nature and Scope, Importance; Relationship with other Subjects. Its usefulness to
Engineers; Basic concepts of Managerial economics - Incremental, Time perspective, Discounting
Principle, Opportunity Cost, Equimarginal Principle, Contribution, Negotiation Principle.

UNIT-II
Demand and Supply Analysis: Demand Analysis - Concept of Demand, Determinants, Law of
demand - Assumptions and Exceptions; Elasticity of demand - Price, Income and Cross elasticity -
simple numerical problems; Concept of Supply - Determinants of Supply, Law of Supply; Demand
Forecasting - Methods.

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UNIT-III
Production and Cost Analysis: Theory of Production - Production function - Isoquants and Isocosts,
MRTS, Input-Output Relations; Laws of returns.
Cost Analysis: Cost concepts – Types of Costs, Cost-Output Relationship – Short Run and Long Run;
Market structures –
Types of Competition, Features of Perfect Competition, Price Output Determination under Perfect
Competition, Features of Monopoly Competition, Price Output Determination under Monopoly
Competition Break-even Analysis – Concepts, Assumptions, Limitations, Numerical problems.

UNIT-IV
Accountancy: Book-keeping, Principles and Significance of Double Entry Bookkeeping, Accounting
Concepts and
Conventions, Accounting Cycle, Journalization, Ledger accounts, Trial Balance concept and
preparation of Final Accounts with simple adjustments.

UNIT-V
Capital and Capital Budgeting: Capital and its Significance, Types of Capital, Estimation of Fixed
and Working capital requirements, Methods and sources of raising finance. Capital Budgeting,
Methods: Traditional and Discounted Cash Flow Methods - Numerical problems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mehta P.L.”Managerial Economics: Analysis, Problems and Cases”, Sultan Chand & Son’s
Educational publishers, 2016.
2. Maheswari S.N. “Introduction to Accountancy”, Vikas Publishing House, 12 th Edition, 2018.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Panday I.M. “Financial Management”, 11th edition, Vikas Publishing House, 2016.
2. Varshney and K L Maheswari, Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand, 2014.
3. M. Kasi Reddy and S. Saraswathi, Managerial Economics and Financial Accounting, Prentice
Hall of India Pvt Ltd, 2007.
4. A. R. Aryasri, Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 2018.

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20BT E11
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Professional Elective -III)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3
Course Objectives:
The course
aims
1. To provide theoretical concepts and comprehensive knowledge of bioremediation methods.
2. To provide knowledge on metal leaching and non-conventional fuel production.
3. To impart theoretical basics on various methods used in the treatment of wastewater.
4. To provide knowledge on the degradation of Xenobiotic compounds.
5. To update the students with the available information on biotechnological applications
in hazardous waste management.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Describe the process of bioremediation in detail.
2. Explain the use of Microorganisms for metal leaching and biofuel generation.
3. Illustrate different methods of wastewater treatment and green energy generation.
4. Categorize different types of wastes and their degradation methods.
5. Evaluate various biotechnological applications for hazardous waste management.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 3 - 2 - 1 1 2 - 2 2 - 2 2 1
CO2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 - 2 2 2 3 2 2
CO3 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 - 2 2 2 3 2 2
CO4 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 - 2 2 1 3 1 1
CO5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3

UNIT-I
Bioremediation: Introduction to bioremediation and its types- In situ, Ex-situ, Intrinsic and
Extrinsic Bioremediation; Constraints and priorities of Bioremediation, Bio stimulation of
naturally occurring microbial activities Bio-augmentation; Solid-phase bioremediation- Land
farming, composting, Bio pile; Phytoremediation techniques, Slurry/Liquid phase
bioremediation, Bio restoration

UNIT-II
Metal Biotechnology and Biofuels: Bioleaching- Types, mechanisms and advantages of
microbial leaching; Biosorption and Microbial transformation; Microorganisms and their role in
energy requirements of mankind; Production of non-conventional fuels: Methane (Biogas),
biohydrogen, bioethanol and Algal biofuels; Application of isolated enzymes versus whole cell
systems for remediation and biofuels generation- Microbial Fuel Cells
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UNIT-III
Biological Waste Water Treatment: Sources of wastewater and its types, General composition
of wastewater; Biological processes for domestic and industrial waste water treatment; Aerobic
systems – Activated sludge process, trickling filters, Rotating biological contractors (RBC),
Fluidized bed (and biofilm) reactor; Anaerobic biological treatment-Contact digesters, Packed
column reactors, UASB, Other advanced bioreactor configurations

UNIT-IV
Degradation of Xenobiotic Compounds: Xenobiotics and Recalcitrant-Definition, Sources and
examples; Co- metabolism; Biodegradation of Xenobiotics present in Environment-Degradative
plasmids; Oil Pollution and Bioremediation of Contaminated soils; Biological Detoxification-
Cyanide, Toxic Organics and Phenols.

UNIT-V
Hazardous Waste Management: Introduction to general Solid and Hazardous Waste
management- landfills, recycling and processing of organic residues; minimal national standards
for waste/wastewater release into the environment; Biotechnological applications to hazardous
waste management; Global Environmental problems and Biotechnological approaches for
management; Nuclear waste generation and treatment.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Alan Scragg “Environmental Biotechnology”, 2nd edition, Oxford End Press,2005.
2. Foster C.F., John Ware D.A., Environmental Biotechnology, Ellis HorwoodLtd.,2007.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Environmental Biotechnology By Priv.-Doz. Dr.Hans-Joachim Jördening, Prof.Dr. Josef
Winter, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.KGaA.2005.
2. Stanier R. Y., Ingram J.L., Wheelis M.L., Painter R.R., General Microbiology,
McMillanPublications,2009.

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22BTE12
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Professional Elective -III)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To understand the origin, scope, and importance of pharmaceutical biotechnology.
2. To learn ADME properties of drugs, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug
delivery systems.
3. To understand the materials and formulations of pharmaceuticals.
4. To learn the collection, processing, and storage of blood and plasma substitutes
5. To gain knowledge about pharmaceutical products and their use in the treatment of
infectious diseases.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Summarize the fundamentals of biopharmaceuticals.
2. Explain the ADME properties of drugs, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug
delivery systems.
3. Outline the different manufacturing procedures of drugs.
4. Discuss the blood and plasma substitutes.
5. Describe the therapeutic activity of drugs used for treating diseases

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1
CO2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 2
CO3 2 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 3
CO4 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 3
CO5 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 2

UNIT-I
Fundamentals of Biopharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Definition, Scope, and
Importance. Human protein replacements, Biosimilar (insulin analog), Therapeutic agents for human
diseases: Tissue Plasminogen activator, Interferon, Recombinant vaccines, Clinical trials and
Regulations (Basic), History and development of Pharmacovigilance.

UNIT-II
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: ADME properties- Physiochemical properties of Drug
Absorption, Distribution, metabolism (Biotransformation), bioavailability, and Excretion.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. Basic considerations: Drug receptors, Drug interactions,
Surgical supplies, Oral, Parenteral, Transdermal, Ophthalmic, Intravaginal, and Intrauterine Drug
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Delivery systems.

UNIT-III
The Drug Manufacturing Practices: Good manufacturing practices and facilities for drug
production. Types of Tablets and capsules. Materials and Formulations for Manufacture of Tablets,
Capsules. Excipients and its ideal properties, Parenteral solutions, Oral liquids, Emulsions,
Ointments, Suppositories, Aerosols.
UNIT-IV
Blood and Plasma Substitutes: Collection, processing, and storage of whole human blood,
concentrated human RBC, dried human plasma, Human plasma protein fraction, Dried human serum,
Human fibrinogen, Human thrombin, Human Normal Immunoglobulin, Plasma substitutes- Ideal
requirements, PVP, Dextran 40, control of Blood products, Transfusion products, Blood and Plasma
based bioproducts, Blood based and plasma-based Biomarkers.

UNIT-V
Pharmaceutical Products: Fundamentals of Therapeutic categories such as Analgesics, Antipyretic,
Anti-inflammatory drugs, Anesthetics, Antacids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Anti-neoclassic drugs,
Biologicals (Immunizing agents and allergenic extracts), Anti-histamines, Electrolytes, and
Diuretics, Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis and Urinary tract infections.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Purohit SS, Kakrani HN, and Saluja AK., “Pharmaceutical Biotechnology”, Student Edition
Jodhpur, 2003.
2. Brahmankar, D.M., Sunil, B. Jaiswals - Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics a Treatise, 2nd
edition, M.K. Jain Publication, Delhi,2009.
3. Cooper and Guns, “Pharmaceutics”, CBS publishers, 1989.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. David B Troy and Paul Beringer, “Remington’s: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy”, Vol 1
and 2, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publications, 2006.
2. Tripathi, K.D. "Essentials of Medical pharmacology", Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers 6 th
Edition,John Wiley, New Delhi.

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22BTE13
GENOME EDITING
(Professional Elective -III)

Instruction 3 L Hours per

week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To learn Genome editing and its tools for genome engineering
2. To understand the genome editing strategy and target site
3. To know the genome editing tools applications in plant, animals and industry
4. To understand the emergent challenges for CRISPR technologies

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Outline the Genome editing and its tools for genome engineering
2. Describe the genome editing strategy and target site
3. Explain the Genome editing in Plants for crop improvement
4. Discuss the Genome editing in animals and for human welfare
5. Summarize the application genome editing and emergent challenges for CRISPR
technologies

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 1 1 1
CO2 1 - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 1 1 1
CO3 1 - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 2 1 1
CO4 1 - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 2 1 1
CO5 1 - 1 - - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 1 1

UNIT-I
Introduction to Genome Editing and its tools: Overview of traditional methods: homologues
recombination for gene knockout. RNAi system, Cre-LoxP and Flp-FRT systems. Engineered enzyme
systems: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription-activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN), mega
nucleases and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR/Cas9) system.

UNIT-II
Genome editing strategy and target site: Gene Knockout with single site targeting, Gene Knockout
with double sit targeting, Gene Knockout via sequence insertion and the problem of noncoding RNAs,
Inserting or correcting mutations, inserting a gene or other DNA Sequence. Design of sgRNA.
Multiplex Automated Genomic Engineering (MAGE).

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UNIT-III
Genome editing in Plants for crop improvement: The history of targeted mutations in plants. Use of
ZFNs and TALENs as early tools for genome editing. Discovery of CRISPR-Cas system and its
applications. GM plants, Recent innovations in the technology and case studies where CRISPRC as
has been used for plant improvement. Regulatory approaches for genome edited crops.

UNIT-IV
Genome editing in Animals: Therapeutic Genome editing – Ex Vivo therapeutic genome and in vivo
therapeutic genome editing, creating chromosome rearrangement, Study gene function with stem cells,
Transgenic animals, Endogenous gene labeling, targeted transgene addition,

UNIT-V
enome Editing Applications: Genome editing of Algal species by CRISPR Cas9 for Biofuel
production, genome editing its role in bioremediation; Development and use of CRISPR in Industrial
applications, Emergent challenges for CRISPR: Ethics, Biosafety and risk of targeted gene editing,
Biosecurity, Patenting CRISPR Technologies and products, regulator issues with CRISPR products.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. CRISPR Gene Editing, Methods and Protocols, Editors: Luo, Yonglun (Ed.)
2. Genome Editing and Engineering, From TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPRs to Molecular Surgery.
Edited by Krishnarao Appasani.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science Vol 149-Genome Editing in Plants.
Edited by Donald P. Weeks and Bing Yang. Academic Press.
2. Precision Medicine, CRISPR, and Genome Engineering, Moving from Association to Biology
and Therapeutics, Editors: Tsang, Stephen H. (Ed.). Springer.

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22BTE14
BIOMATERIALS
(Professional Elective–III)

Instruction 3LHoursperweek
Duration of SEE 3Hours
SEE 60Marks
CIE 40Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives: Students are made to understand the following concepts during their course of
time:
1. To learn the types and trends of Biomaterials.
2. To recognize the procedures for manufacturing of Metallic Biomaterials.
3. To be aware of the types of ceramic Biomaterials.
4. To elaborate the detailed features of polymer and composite Biomaterials.
5. To learn the applications of Biomaterials.

Course Outcomes: By the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Explain the types and properties of Biomaterials.
2. Compare the techniques for manufacture of metallic Biomaterials and their use in health
care industry.
3. Outline the physiological properties and various techniques for the manufacture of ceramic
biomaterials.
4. Illustrate the preparation of polymer and composite Biomaterials.
5. Apply the different types of Biomaterials in the health industry.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 0 1 0 3 3 3
CO2 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 2 0 1 0 3 3 3
CO3 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 1 0 1 0 3 3 3
CO4 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 0 3 3 3
CO5 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 3 3 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to Biomaterials: Introduction and importance of biomaterials; Types of biomaterials:
metallic, ceramic, polymeric and composite biomaterials; Future trends in biomaterials.

UNIT-II
Metallic Biomaterials: Properties of metallic biomaterials; Stainless steels; CoCr alloys; Ti alloys;
Corrosion of metallic implants; Manufacturing of implants. Case study for manufacturing of Cardiac
implants, Dental implant and their biocompatibility and hemocompatibility.

UNIT-III
Ceramic Biomaterials: Properties of ceramic biomaterials; Classification according to physiological
response of ceramic biomaterials: bioinert, bioactive and bioresorbable ceramics; Deterioration of
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ceramics; Bio ceramic manufacturing techniques (ex; Manufacturing of orthopedic implants and their
biocompatibility and hemocompatibility.

UNIT-IV
Polymeric and composite biomaterials: Polymerization and basic structure; Polymers used as
biomaterials; Properties of polymeric and composite biomaterials; Sterilization; Surface modifications
for improving biocompatibility; Surface-protein interactions.

UNIT-V
Applications of Biomaterials: Applications of biomaterials in tissue engineering; Drug delivery;
Biosensing; Diagnostics.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Buddy D. Ratner, Allan S. Hoffman, Frederick J. Schoen, Jack E An Introduction to Materials
in Medicine, (Elsevier Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-582463-7),2002.
2. J.B. Park and J.D. Bronzino. Biomaterials: Principles and Applications. CRC Press. 2002.
ISBN: 0849314917
3. K.C. Dee, D.A. Puleo and R. Bizios. An Introduction to Tissue-Biomaterial Interactions.
Wiley 2002. ISBN: 0-471-25394-4.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. T.S. Hin (Ed.) Engineering Materials for Biomedical Applications. World Scientific. 2004.
ISBN 981-256-061-0
2. B. Rolando (Ed.) Integrated Biomaterials Science. Springer. 2002. ISBN: 0-306-46678-3.

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22BTE15

GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS

(Professional Elective -III)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. The student is made to understand the fundamentals of genome
2. Students are made to understand DNA sequencing and various DNA sequencing methods.
3. Students are enlightened about the construction and screening of cDNA libraries.
4. Students are enlightened about the current methods existing in the field of genomics.
5. Students are made to understand the basics of proteomics, tools for proteomics, and protein
modifications
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Describe genomes, types of genomes, and the advanced techniques used for analyzing the
genome.
2. Explain the methods of functional genomics.
3. Discuss the various sequencing technologies in genomics.
4. Describe the tools used for the characterization of proteins
5. Explain personalized medicines and their uptake, action, and metabolism.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1
CO2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1
CO3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1
CO4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1
CO5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1

UNIT-I
Structural Genomics: Overview of Genome - Types, analysis of genomes; comparative homologies;
evolutionary changes; Genetic analysis: Linkage mapping and analysis, High-resolution chromosome
maps, Physical mapping, Hybrid mapping strategies, Sequence-specific tags(SST), Sequence tagged
sites(STS), FISH.

UNIT-II
Functional Genomics: Gene disruption and methods; DNA microarray and its applications; Serial
analysis of gene expression (SAGE); Genome-wide association studies; Chip-Seq; RNA-Seq;
Metagenomics.
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UNIT-III
Next Generation Sequencing: Next generation sequencing - importance; Different sequencer
platforms available; Methods of Sequencing; File formats; Data generation tools; Pre-processing of
data and analysis; Introduction to rRNA sequencing and Single-cell sequencing

UNIT-IV
Proteomics: Protein arrays: basic principles. Computational methods for identification of
polypeptides from mass spectrometry. Protein arrays: bioinformatics-based tools for analysis of
proteomics data (Tools available at ExPASy Proteomics server); databases (such as Inter Pro) and
analysis tools. Protein-protein interactions: databases such as DIP, PPI server and tools for analysis of
protein-protein interactions

UNIT-V
Metabolomics And Pharmacogenomics: Metabolomics - Basics; Pharmacogenomics - Basics,
Diseased genes and their identification; Drug uptake and metabolism; Drug targets; Designer
medicine; Genomics perspective of bioterrorism; Ethical and legal implications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sahai S, “Genomics and Proteomics-Functional and Computational Aspects”, Plenum
Publications, 1999.
2. Rastogi SC, Mendiratta N, Rastogi P, “Bioinformatics-Methods and Application, Genomics,
Proteomics,and
3. Drug discovery”, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003.
4. Hunt SP, Levessy FJ, “Functional genomics” Oxford University Press, UK, 2000.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Lieber DC, “Introduction to Proteomics, Tools for the new biology”, Humana Press, UK,
2000.
2. CendricGondro, “Primer to Analysis of Genomic Data Using R”, Springer, 2015.

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22EGO02
GENDER SENSITIZATION
(Open Elective–II)

Instruction 3 L Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Prerequisite: No specific prerequisite is required.

Course Objectives: This course will introduce the students to

1. Sensibility regarding issues of gender in contemporary India.
2. A critical perspective on the socialization of men and women.
3. Popular debates on the politics and economics of work while helping them reflect critically on
gender violence.

Course Outcomes: After successful completion of the course the students will be able to
1. Understand the difference between “Sex” and “Gender” and be able to explain socially
constructed theories of identity.
2. Recognize shifting definitions of “Man” and “Women” in relation to evolving notions of
“Masculinity” and “Femininity”.
3. Appreciate women’s contributions to society historically, culturally and politically.
4. Analyze the contemporary system of privilege and oppressions, with special attention to the
ways in which gender intersects with race, class, sexuality, ethnicity, ability, religion, and
nationality.
5. Demonstrate an understanding of personal life, the workplace, the community and active civic
engagement through classroom learning.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 - - 1 - - 2 2 1 1 - - 1 1 1
CO2 - - 1 - - 2 2 1 1 - - 1 1 1
CO3 - - 1 - - 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 - -
CO4 - - 1 - - 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1
CO5 - - 1 - - 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 1

UNIT-I
Understanding Gender:
Gender: Why Should We Study It? (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--1)
Socialization: Making Women, Making Men (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--2)
Introduction. Preparing for Womanhood. Growing up Male. First lessons in Caste. Different
Masculinities.

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UNIT-II
Gender and Biology:
Missing Women: Sex Selection and Its Consequences (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--4)
Declining Sex Ratio. Demographic Consequences.
Gender Spectrum: Beyond the Binary (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--10)
Two or Many? Struggles with Discrimination.

UNIT-III
Gender and Labour:
Housework: the Invisible Labour (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--3)
“My Mother doesn’t Work.” “Share the Load.”
Women’s Work: Its Politics and Economics (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--7)
Fact and Fiction. Unrecognized and Unaccounted work. Additional Reading: Wages and
Conditions of Work.

UNIT-IV
Issues of Violence
Sexual Harassment: Say No! (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--6)
Sexual Harassment, not Eve-teasing- Coping with Everyday Harassment- Further Reading:
“Chupulu”.
Domestic Violence: Speaking Out (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--8)
Is Home a Safe Place? -When Women Unite [Film]. Rebuilding Lives. Additional Reading:
New Forums for Justice.
Thinking about Sexual Violence (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--11)
Blaming the Victim-“I Fought for my Life….” - Additional Reading: The Caste Face of Violence.

UNIT-V
Gender: Co - Existence
Just Relationships: Being Together as Equals (Towards a World of Equals: UNIT--12)
Mary Kom and Onler. Love and Acid just do not Mix. Love Letters. Mothers and Fathers.
Additional Reading: Rosa Parks-The Brave Heart.

TEXT BOOK:
1. A. Suneetha, Uma Bhrugubanda, Duggirala Vasanta, Rama Melkote, Vasudha Nagaraj, Asma
Rasheed,
2. Gogu Shyamala, Deepa Sreenivas and Susie Tharu“Towards a World of Equals: A Bilingual
Textbook on Gender”, Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad, 2015.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Menon, Nivedita. “Seeing like a Feminist”, Zubaan-Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2012.
2. Abdulali Sohaila, “I Fought For My Life…and Won”, Available online at:
http://www.thealternative.in/lifestyle/i-fought-for-my-lifeand-won-sohaila-abdulal/
Web Resources:
1. https://aifs.gov.au/publications/gender-equality-and-violence-against-women/introduction
2. https://theconversation.com/achieving-gender-equality-in-india

Note: Since it is an Interdisciplinary Course, Resource Persons can be drawn from the fields of
English Literature or Sociology or Political Science or any other qualified faculty who has expertise in
this field from engineering departments.

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22MEO02
3D PRINTING
(Open Elective–II)

Instruction 3 Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Prerequisite: Nil
Course Objectives: This course aims to
1. Make students understand the basic concept of digital manufacturing.
2. Teach different processes involved in digital fabrication of products.
3. Demonstrate the STL file generation and manipulations.
4. Demonstrate various post processing techniques.
5. Demonstrate the applications of RP in different fields of engineering

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to

1. Understand the concept of 3D printing processes, advantages, and limitations.
2. Evaluate real-life scenarios and recommend the appropriate 3D printing technology.
3. Analyze various pre-processing and post processing techniques.
4. Identify components and construct basic 3D printer.
5. Explain current and emerging 3D printing technologies in diversified applications

CO-PO/PSO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 2
CO2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
CO3 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
CO4 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
CO5 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1

UNIT-I
Introduction to 3D Printing: Introduction to 3D printing, evolution, distinction between 3D
printing and CNC machining. Design considerations: Materials, size, resolution, mass
customization. additive vs. subtractive manufacturing, its advantages and limitations

UNIT-II
Photopolymerization processes: Photo polymerization, Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA),
Applications, advantages and disadvantages.Powder bed fusion processes: Introduction, Selective laser
Sintering (SLS), Materials, Applications, advantages and disadvantages.Extrusion based systems:
Fused deposition modeling (FDM), principles, Materials, Process Benefits and Drawbacks. Laminated
Object Manufacturing (LOM), Principles, Materials, Process Benefits and Drawbacks.Material Jetting
AM Processes: Evolution of Printing as an Additive Manufacturing Process, Materials, Process
Benefits and Drawbacks, Applications of Material Jetting Process
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UNIT-III
Preprocessing in AM: Modeling and viewing 3D scanning; Model preparation – STL conversion,
STL error diagnostics, STL file Repairs, generic solution, slicing, newly proposed file formats.
Post processing in AM: Support material removal, surface texture improvement, accuracy
improvement, aesthetic improvement, preparation for use as a pattern, property enhancements using
non thermal and thermal techniques.

UNIT-IV
Construction of basic 3D printer: Construction of 3D printing machine – axes, linear motion
guide ways, ball screws, motors, bearings, encoders, process chamber, safety interlocks, sensors.

UNIT-V
Applications of AM: Application in construction and architectural engineering, aerospace industry,
automotive industry, jewelry industry, coin industry. medical and bioengineering applications:
planning and simulation of complex surgery, forensic science.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Gibson, DW. Rosen and B.Stucker; Additive manufacturing methodologies: Rapid
prototyping to direct digital manufacturing, Springer, 2010.
2. Chee Kai Chua, Kah Fai Leong, 3D printing and additive manufacturing: principles and
application, 4 th edition of rapid prototyping, World scientific publishing company, 2014.
3. P.K. Venuvinod, Rapid prototyping – Laser based and other technologies, Kluwer, 2004.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Jacob, Paul, Rapid tooling: Technologies and industrial applications, Taylor & Francis
Group, 2000.
2. Alain Bernard, Georges Taillandier, Additive Manufacturing, Wiley, 2014

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22EEO06

WASTE MANAGEMENT
(Open Elective–II)

Instruction 3 Hours per

Duration of SEE Week
3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Prerequisite: None.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course aims to:

1. Imbibe the concept of effective utilization of any scrap
2. Become familiar with the processes of all disciplines of engineering.
3. Learn the technique of connectivity from waste to utility.

COURSE OUTCOMES: After the completion of this course, the student will be able to
1. Categorize the waste based on the physical and chemical properties.
2. Explain the Hazardous Waste Management and Treatment process.
3. Illustrate the Environmental Risk Assessment, methods, mitigation and control.
4. Interpret the Biological Treatment of Solid and Hazardous Waste.
5. Identify the waste disposal options, describe the design and construction, Operation, Monitoring,
Closure of Landfills.
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 1 2 - - 3 3 2 - - - -
CO2 2 1 2 - - 3 3 2 - - - -
CO3 2 1 3 - 2 3 3 2 - - - -
CO4 2 3 3 - 1 3 3 2 - - - -
CO5 2 3 3 - 2 3 3 2 - - - -

UNIT-I
Introduction to Waste Management and Municipal Solid Waste Management: Classification of
waste: Agro based, Forest residue, Industrial waste, e-Waste, Municipal Solid Waste Management:
Fundamentals Sources, composition, Generation rates, Collection of waste, Separation, Transfer and
Transport of waste, Treatment and Disposal options.

UNIT-II
Hazardous Waste Management and Treatment: Hazardous Waste Identification and Classification,
Hazardous Waste Management: Generation, Storage and collection, Transfer and transport,
Processing, Disposal, Hazardous Waste Treatment: Physical and Chemical treatment, Thermal
treatment, Biological treatment, Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimisation, Hazardous Wastes
Management in India.

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UNIT-III
Environmental Risk Assessment: Defining risk and environmental risk, Parameters for toxicity
quantification, Types of exposure, Biomagnifications, Effects of exposure to toxic chemicals, Risk
analysis and Risk matrix, Methods of risk assessment, Mitigation and control of the risk, Case studies.

UNIT-IV
Biological Treatment: Solid and Hazardous Waste Composting, Bioreactors, Anaerobic
decomposition of solid waste, Principles of biodegradation of toxic waste, Inhibition, Co-Metabolism,
Oxidative and Reductive processes, Slurry phase Bioreactor, In-situ-remediation.

UNIT-V
Waste Disposal: Key Issues in Waste Disposal, Disposal Options and Selection Criteria: Disposal
options, Selection criteria, Sanitary Landfill: Principle, Landfill processes, Landfill Gas Emission:
Composition and properties, Hazards, Migration, Control, Leach ate Formation: Composition and
properties. Leach ate migration, Control, Treatment, Environmental Effects of Landfill, Landfill
Operation Issues, Design and construction, Operation, Monitoring, Closure of Landfills-Landfill
Remediation, National and International Waste Management programs.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. John Pichtel, Waste Management Practices CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group 2005.
2. LaGrega, M.D.Buckingham, P.L. and Evans, J.C. Hazardous Waste Management, McGraw
Hill International Editions, NewYork, 1994
3. Richard J. Watts, Hazardous Wastes - Sources, Pathways, Receptors John Wiley and Sons,
NewYork, 1997.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Basics of Solid and Hazardous Waste Mgmt. Tech. by KantiL.Shah 1999, Prentice Hall.
2. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management 2007 by S.C.Bhatia Atlantic Publishers & Dist.

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22CAO03

FOUNDATIONS OF DEEP LEARNING

(Open Elective–II)

Instruction 3 Hours per

Duration of SEE Week
3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Pre-requisites: Calculus, Probability and Statistics, Python Programming, Machine Learning.

Course Objectives:
1. Provide students with a foundational understanding of the history of deep learning, key
concepts, and early neural network models.
2. Equip students with the skills to design and optimize feedforward neural networks using
various gradient descent methods and optimization algorithms.
3. Develop students' competence in applying principal component analysis, singular value
decomposition, and different types of autoencoders for data representation and regularization.
4. Enable students to design, implement, and apply convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for
image and data processing tasks.
5. Enhance students' ability to design and apply recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and attention
mechanisms for complex sequence modeling tasks.

Course Outcomes:
1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of deep learning history, key milestones, and
foundational concepts.
2. Design, develop, and optimize feedforward neural networks and understand their
representation power.
3. Apply principal component analysis, singular value decomposition, and various autoencoder
models for data analysis and dimensionality reduction.
4. Develop and implement convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using modern architectures
and techniques.
5. Design and utilize recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and advanced attention mechanisms for
sequential data processing.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
CO2 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
CO3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
CO4 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
CO5 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

UNIT-I
History of Deep Learning, Deep Learning Success Stories, McCulloch Pitts Neuron, Thresholding
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Logic, Perceptrons, Perceptron Learning Algorithm Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs), Representation

Power of MLPs, Sigmoid Neurons, Gradient Descent.
UNIT-II
Feedforward Neural Networks, Representation Power of Feedforward Neural Networks Feed Forward
Neural Networks, Backpropagation Gradient Descent (GD), Momentum Based GD, Nesterov
Accelerated GD, Stochastic GD, AdaGrad, RMSProp, Adam, Eigen values and eigen vectors, Eigen
value Decomposition, Basis.

UNIT-III
Principal Component Analysis and its interpretations, Singular Value Decomposition Auto encoders
and relation to PCA, Regularization in auto encoders, Denoising auto encoders, Sparse auto
encoders, Contractive autoencoders
Regularization: Bias Variance Tradeoff, L2 regularization, Early stopping, Dataset augmentation,
Parameter sharing and tying, Injecting noise at input, Ensemble methods, Dropout

UNIT-IV
Convolutional Neural Network: The Convolution Operation, Motivation, Pooling, Convolution and
Pooling, Batch Normalization.
Pre-trained models: LeNet, AlexNet, ZF-Net, VGGNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet.

UNIT-V
Recurrent Neural Networks, Vanishing and Exploding Gradients, GRU, LSTMs. Encoder Decoder
Models, Attention Mechanism, Attention over images.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Goodfellow. I., Bengio. Y. and Courville. A., “Deep Learning “, MIT Press, 2016.
2. Rothman, Denis, “Transformers for Natural Language Processing: Build innovative deep
neural network architectures for NLP with Python, PyTorch, TensorFlow, BERT, RoBERTa,
and more”, Packt Publishing Ltd, 2021.
3. Ganguly Kuntal, “Learning generative adversarial networks: next-generation deep learning
simplified”, Packt Publishing, 2017.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Bishop, Christopher. Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. New York, NY: Oxford
University Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780198538646.
2. Bishop, Christopher M. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Springer, 2006. ISBN
978-0-387-31073-2
3. Duda, Richard, Peter Hart, and David Stork. Pattern Classification. 2nd ed. New York, NY:
Wiley-Interscience, 2000. ISBN: 9780471056690.
4. Mitchell, Tom. Machine Learning. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1997. ISBN:
9780070428072.
5. Richard Hartley, Andrew Zisserman, Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision, 2004.
David Marr, Vision, 1982.
E-Resources:
1. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc18_cs41
2. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_cs22
3. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc19_cs85

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22BT C32

ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB

Instruction 3 P Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1.5

Course Objectives:
1. Students are expected to understand the sterility and aseptic conditions necessary for
animal cell culture.
2. Students will learn various steps involved in the maintenance and culture of animal
cells.
3. Students will know about measurement of cell viability & cytotoxicity and cell death.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Demonstrate aseptic culture techniques and preparation of animal cell culture media. (Expt.
1, 3, 4)
2. Identify and enumerate animal cells by using microscopic techniques. (Expt. 2, 8)
3. Apply animal cell culture techniques to the establishment of primary culture. (Expt. 5, 6, 7)
4. Evaluate cell viability and cytotoxicity of animal cell culture. (Expt. 9, 10)
5. Perform the maintenance and preservation of animal cells. (Expt.11, 12, 13)

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 3 2 3 1 3 - 3 1 3 2 3
CO2 2 1 - 2 2 3 1 3 - 3 1 3 3 3
CO3 2 1 - 3 2 - 1 1 - 3 1 3 2 3
CO4 1 - - 2 2 3 1 3 - 1 1 2 3 3
CO5 1 1 - 3 2 3 1 3 - 3 1 3 3 3

Atleast 10 experiments to be conducted from the following list of experiments".

List of Experiments
1. Maintaining sterility and aseptic techniques within the animal biotechnology lab.
2. Microscopic visualization of Human Buccal Epithelial cells. (structured inquiry)
3. Separation of serum from whole blood.
4. Preparation of cell culture growth media
5. Primary culture of chicken embryo fibroblast culture.
6. Isolation of Hepatocytes from Chicken liver cells
7. Enumeration and counting of animal cells using a Haemocytometer.
8. Staining and microscopic visualization of adherent animal cells.
9. Evaluation of cell viability/cytotoxicity in animal cells.
10. Cell viability of cells using trypan blue dye. (Open-ended experiment) Trypsinization or
subculture of the adherent cell line.
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11. Cryopreservation of animal cells

12. Monitoring and trouble shooting of microbial contamination in animal biotechnology lab.
(Open-ended experiment)

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ian Freshney, R., “Culture of Animal Cells: A manual of basic technique and specialized
applications” Seventh edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2016.
2. John Masters, “Animal Cell culture: A practical approach” OUP Oxford, 2000.
3. Gupta P.K., “Biotechnology and Genomics” Rastogi Publications, 1st edition, 6th reprint, 2013

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22BT C36

ENZYME TECHNOLOGY LAB

Instruction 2 P Hours per week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 50 Marks
CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

Course Objectives
1. The course aims at providing knowledge about the preparation of buffers and chemicals for
isolation and purification of enzymes.
2. The students understand the methods of immobilization of enzymes and their kinetics.

Course Outcomes
Students will be able to
1. prepare and standardize buffers, understanding their critical role in maintaining pH
stability during enzyme reactions. Expt 1,4
2. develop proficiency in isolating, extracting and quantifying enzymes from microbial,
plant, and animal sources, gaining practical experience with different extraction
techniques. Expt 2,3
3. understand the effects of temperature, time and substrate concentration on enzyme
activity, and will be able to analyze these factors to optimize enzyme reactions. Expt 5,6,7
4. acquire the ability to design and conduct enzyme assays, including the determination and
interpretation of key kinetic parameters such as Vmax and Km. Expt 8,9
5. investigate enzyme inhibition mechanisms and their impacts on enzyme activity. Expt 10
6. compare the activities of free and immobilized enzyme systems, understanding the
practical applications and benefits of enzyme immobilization in industrial processes. Expt
5,6,7

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 3 2 2
CO2 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 3 2 2
CO3 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 3 2 3
CO4 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 3 2 2
CO5 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 3 3 3

Atleast 10 experiments to be conducted from the following list of experiments".

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Preparation of phosphate and citrate buffers for enzyme activity

2. Isolation and extraction of enzymes (Microbial/ Plant/ Animal source).
3. Quantification of enzymes extracted from natural sources
4. Effect of pH on enzyme activity.
5. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity.
6. Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity.

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7. Effect of time interval on enzyme activity.

8. Development of Enzyme Assay-Amylase/Lipase/Lysozyme
9. Evaluation of Michaelis Menten kinetic parameters.
10. Kinetic studies of enzyme inhibition.
11. Comparative study of activities of free and immobilized enzyme systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. "Enzymes: A Practical Introduction to Structure, Mechanism, and Data Analysis" by Robert A.
Copeland
2. "Practical Enzymology" by Hans Bisswanger

Online Databases and Tools

1. BRENDA - The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System,Website: BRENDA
2. ExPASy - Enzyme Activity Database,Website: ExPASy - Enzyme Activity Database,

Interactive and Virtual Labs

1. Labster - Enzyme Kinetics Virtual Lab,Website: Labster - Enzyme Kinetics.
2. Merlot - Enzyme Virtual Labs,Website: Merlot - Enzyme Virtual Labs.

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22BTC33
PROJECT PART-I

Instruction 4P Hours per week

CIE 50 Marks
Credits 2

Course Objectives:
1. To enable the student take up investigative study in the broad field of Engineering /
Technology, either fully theoretical/practical or involving both theoretical and practical
work to be assigned by the Department on an individual basis or two/three students in a
group, under the guidance of a supervisor.
2. To provide a good initiation for the student(s) towards R&D.

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Survey and carry out a study of published literature on the assigned topic;
2. Work out a preliminary Approach to the Problem relating to the assigned topic;
3. Conduct preliminary Analysis/Modelling/Simulation/Experiment/Design/Feasibility;
4. Prepare a Written Report on the Study conducted for Presentation to the Department;
5. Present a Final Seminar, as oral Presentation before a departmental Committee.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
CO2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3
CO3 3 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3
CO4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
CO5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2

Guidelines for the award of Marks: Max. Marks: 50

Evaluation by Max. Evaluation Criteria / Parameter

Marks
20 Project Status / Review
Supervisor
5 Report
5 Relevance of the Topic
5 PPT Preparation
Department Committee 5 Presentation
5 Question and Answers
5 Report Preparation

GUIDELINES:
These guidelines assure consistency in the quality and components of the project to be taken in
VIIth Semester within the Department and they are segregated into 3 sections
A) Section 1 describes guidelines and procedures for allotment, submission, and acceptance of
the project

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1. Students will be allotted a faculty supervisor based on their topic/ area of interest.
2. There will be a maximum of 3 students attached to each of the staff for each research project
3. Students are encouraged to select a topic that has scope to be continued as a major project in
the VIIIth Semester
4. Tentative area of research, title and objectives along with novelty statement have to be
surveyed with proper discussion and guidance of internal guide
5. All the above mentioned should be finalized in consultation with the faculty supervisor
6. Care should be taken that no two project problems should be the same. Care should be taken
that the problem should not be the same as done in the department over the last three years
7. No change in project or group after the department research committee and HoD finalize the
list
8. Softbound project reports (3 Nos) duly certified by the internal guide, DRC and the HOD
should be submitted at the time of final review
9. The students should record the observations, impressions, information gathered and
suggestions given, if any. It should contain the sketches & drawings related to the
observations made by the students. Students shall be ready to show the diary to the internal
guide or DRC or HoD at any point of time.
10. Responsibilities of students include
a. Schedule meetings as needed with the guide, or others as needed.
b. Meet the deadlines as specified in the departmental curriculum.
c. Submit working drafts to the project guide during the writing process.
d. The student is responsible for making all arrangements for the preparation of the
report
B) Section 2 provides an overview of the structure and content of the project report and minimal
formatting requirements for the preparation of the report.
1. The report consists of three general sections: The preliminary pages, text, and references.
 Title page (mention the guide’s name – both internal and external also)
 Certificates (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL)
 Declaration
 Acknowledgements
 Contents
 Abbreviations
 List of Tables
 List of Figures
 Abstract (in 250 words) and Keywords
 Novelty statement
 Aim and objectives
 Introduction
 Review of literature
 Materials and Methods (if any)
 Results and Discussion (if any)
 Expected Conclusions (200 words)
 References
 Appendix (if any)
 Published research papers (if any)
2. The report should be written in Times New Roman (12 size), 1.5 or double spacing, headings
and side headings in bold, well defined margins, pagination, etc.

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3. Students are instructed to prepare a comprehensive PowerPoint presentation with all findings
to present before DRC during the final review

C) Section 3 suggests the time schedule.

Students should attend all the reviews and follow the deadlines as per the almanac will be allotted with
a faculty supervisor
Suggested schedule:
Starting Date Day 1 (As per almanac)
Literature review / survey End of 4 Weeks
Tentative aim and objectives End of 8 Weeks
Process Manuscript submission End of 10 Weeks
Material and microbes procurement (if any) End of 12 Weeks
Results and Analysis (if any) End of 14 Weeks
Approval of printout draft and Manuscript End of 16 Weeks
Submission of bound copies Last Day (As per almanac)

The project would be evaluated on a regular basis by the DRC by conducting periodical reviews
and marks will be awarded following the rubrics

The students have to fill out the checklist provided by the DRC in order to evaluate the project’s
feasibility to be carried out in the department

FEASIBILITY CHECKLIST

S. No Detail Response
1 Tentative title of the project
2 Tentative objectives
3 Novelty statement/Gaps identified
4 No. of papers referred to identify the gaps and frame the
objectives
5 No. of days required for literature survey
6 Time required to complete the project in 8th semester
7 Chemicals/Materials required for the project
8 Equipment/Software required
9 If equipment/software is not available, identification of any
alternatives
10 Microorganisms required
11 Planning to do a project internally/external
12 If external, the topic should be related to the ones in 8 th
semester
13 Expertise available in CBIT
14 Any ethical approvals required (animal/human testing)

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With effect from the Academic Year 2027-28

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A)

In line with the AICTE Model Curriculum with effect from AY 2027-28

B.Tech BIOTECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER-VIII

Scheme of
Scheme of Examination
Instruction
S. Course
Title of the Course Hours Per Duration of Maximum Credits
No Code
week SEE in Marks
L T P Hours CIE SEE
THEORY
1 22BTEXX Professional Elective –IV 3 - - 3 40 60 3
2 22BTEXX Professional Elective –V 3 - - 3 40 60 3
3 Open Elective – III 3 - - 3 40 60 3
PRACTICALS
4 22BTC34 Technical Seminar - - 2 - 50 - 1
5 22BTC35 Project Part - II - - 8 - 100 100 4
Total 9 0 10 270 280 14
Clock hours per week:16
L: Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical
CIE – Continuous Internal Evaluation SEE - Semester End Examination
22BTEXX Professional Elective – IV 22BTEXX Professional Elective – V
22BTE21 Process Dynamics and Control for
22BTE16 Food Biotechnology
Biotechnologists
22BTE17 Cancer Biology 22BTE22 Immunodiagnostics
22BTE18 Stem Cell Technology 22BTE23 Tissue Engineering
22BTE19 Nanobiotechnology 22BTE24 Biosimilar Technology
22BTE20 Rational Drug Discovery 22BTE25 Molecular Modeling and Drug Design

Open Elective - III

22EGO03 Indian Traditional Knowledge
22MEO06 Principles of Entrepreneurship and startups
22CIO03 Fundamentals of Blockchain Technology
22ADO01 Industry 5.0: Applications of AI

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22BTE16
FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Professional Elective -IV)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. Student is made to understand the importance of food biotechnology and its
nutritive value.
2. Students are taught the types of food available in the nature and its consumption
value.
3. Students made to understand the food spoilage.
4. Students are enlightened about the importance of food processing.
5. Students are made aware of chemical and physical methods of food processing.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the students are able to
1. Apply the fundamentals of food biotechnology to their real-life situation
2. Differentiate types of food and explain their nutritive value
3. Examine the types of pathogens and their effect on food
4. Demonstrate the physical and chemical methods of food processing.
5. Apply the techniques to preserve the food material to avoid food spoilage.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 3 2
CO2 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2
CO3 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2
CO4 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 2 3 2
CO5 2 1 1 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 2 3 2

UNIT-I
Introduction To Food Biotechnology: Introduction to scope and importance of food biotechnology,
Nutritive value of the food; Shelf life of food. Water relationships in foods: water activity and its
relevance to deteriorative processes in foods (chemical, enzymic, physical and microbial changes).
Lipids of biological importance like cholesterol and phospholipids. Food Pigments &Flavoring
Agents: Importance, types and sources

UNIT-II
Food Products: Introduction to Probiotics, Nutraceuticals and GM foods; Processing and post-harvest
technology of various food products (High Fructose Corn syrup, Single Cell Protein and Bakery
Products, Milk Products). Fermented food: origin, scope and development, sourkraut, youghurt,
cheese, miso, tempeh.

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UNIT-III
Food Spoilage And Food Microbiology: Shelf life of food. Microbes found in raw materials and
foods that are detrimental to quality, Factors that influence the development of microbes in food, Food
spoilage by bacterial agents (Clostridium, Salmonella, Vibrio and Shigella), Non-bacterial agents
(Protozoa, Algae, Fungi and Viruses)

UNIT-IV
Food Processing Applications: Principles and methods of food processing (freezing, heating,
dehydration, canning, additives, fermentation, irradiation, extrusion cooking, dielectric heating).
Enzymes and chemicals used in food processing for flavor development; Processing of meat, fisheries,
vegetables, and dairy products. Food adulteration and food safety.

UNIT-V
Food Preservation: Application of sugar and salt, antimicrobial agents, biological agents, non-
ionizing and ionizing radiations in preservation of foods. Basic concepts in thermal destruction of
microorganisms D, Z, F values. Blanching, Pasteurization and Sterilization of foods. Controlled and
Modified atmosphere storage of foods. Intelligent packaging concept.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Roger Angold, Gordon Beech & Taggart, Food Biotechnology1st edition, Cambridge End
Press, 1989.
2. Frazier, William, C.Westhoff, Dennisc, Food Microbiology, 2 nd Edition TATA Mcgraw
Hill Publishers, 1989.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Ashok Pandey, Biotechnology:Food Fermentation, Asia Tech Publishers Inc,New
Delhi,1999.
2. J.M.Jay, M.J.Loessner and D.A.Golden, Modern food microbiology, 7th edition, Springer,
2006.
3. Romeo T. Toledo, Fundamentals of Food Process Engineering, 3rd edition, Springer,
February, 2007.

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22BTE17

CANCER BIOLOGY
(Professional Elective -IV)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To understand the fundamentals of cancer biology.
2. To know the importance of physical and chemical carcinogens and their effects on cell
cycle.
3. To learn the Molecular aspects of cell cycle control.
4. To learn the theories of metastasis, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
5. To understand the principles of cancer pharmacology
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course the students are able to
1. Summarize the etiology of cancer.
2. Explain the principles and mode of action of physical and chemical carcinogens.
3. Discuss the molecular genetics of cancer.
4. Outline the cancer metastasis, diagnosis and different forms of therapy
5. Describe the principles of cancer pharmacology.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 2
CO2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 2
CO3 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 1
CO4 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 2 3 3
CO5 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 3 2

UNIT-I
Fundamentals of Cancer Biology: Introduction to cancer, origin and classification of different
cancers, Hall marks of cancer, Cell cycle control, Regulation of the cell cycle by cyclins, cyclin-
dependent kinases, cdk inhibitor. Two-Hit Hypothesis, Tumor suppressor genes. Case studies for
carcinoma ex: breast cancer and stomach cancer, Diet and cancer.

UNIT-II
Principles of Carcinogenesis: Classical theory of Carcinogenesis, Types of Carcinogenesis,
Chemical Carcinogenesis, Metabolism of Carcinogenesis, Laboratory chemicals induces
carcinogenesis, Targets of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Principles of Physical Carcinogenesis,
Ionizing radiation and UV radiation mechanism of Carcinogenesis.

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UNIT-III
Principles of Molecular Cell Biology of Cancer: Retroviruses and Oncogenes, Activation of proto-
oncogenes to oncogenes. Identification of Oncogenes, Growth factor and Growth factor receptors
(RTK’s) that are oncogenes, signaling pathways in cancer (MAPK, WNT pathway).
UNIT-IV
Cancer Metastasis and Diagnosis: Seed & Soil theory, heterogeneity of metastatic phenotype,
Metastatic cascade, clinical significance of invasion: angiogenesis and EMT, Three-step theory of
invasion (Basement Membrane disruption, role of Proteinases in tumor invasion and tumor cell
locomotion), cancer stem cells. Diagnosis of cancers, Advances in Cancer detection (Biomarkers
technology and nanotechnology).

UNIT-V
Principles of Cancer Therapy: Different forms therapy- conventional therapy-Chemotherapy,
Radiation therapy and immunotherapy, Advances in Cancer therapy – personalized, targeted therapies
and Thermo therapy. Classification of antineoplastic drugs, inter individual differences in response to
anticancer drugs, mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance, mechanism of gene silencing (antisense,
ribozymes, RNAi) and chemoprevention studies.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to cell and Molecular biology of cancer, Franks and Teich, Oxford medical
Publications,2002.
2. Introduction to Cancer Biology, Robin Hesketh, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
3. King, Roger J B, Robins, Mike W, “Cancer Biology”, 3rdedition, Prentice Hall, USA. 2003.
4. Molecular Biology of Cancer. Lauren Pecorina, 4th edition. Oxford University Press – 2016

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Robert A. Weinberg, “The Biology of Cancer”, 5th edition, Garland Science. 2013.
2. Fiona Macdonald, Christopher Ford, Alan Casson, “Molecular Biology of Cancer”, 2nd
Edition, Taylor & Francis, 2004.Molecular biology of the cell. Bruce Alberts, 6th Edition.
3. Textbook readings; primary literature; in-class discussion. The Molecular Biology of Cancer:
A Bridge from Bench to Bedside. Stella Pelengaris, Mike Khan -2nd Edition – 2013.

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2BTE18
STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY
(Professional Elective–IV)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To impart knowledge of wide-ranging topics related to stem cells and regenerative biology,
including a brief history of the field, research on animal models of regeneration, tissue
engineering, social and ethical issues related to stem cell research.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Describe the Stem cells properties and their niche
2. Identify the cell cycle checkpoints, development and epigenetic control
3. Explain the Stem cell types, regeneration and its storage
4. Discuss the Isolation, differentiation and visualization of Stem Cells
5. Outline the application of stem cells for the treatment of various disease

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 1 1 1
CO2 1 - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 1 1 1
CO3 1 - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 2 1 1
CO4 1 - - - - 2 - - - 1 - 2 1 1
CO5 1 - 1 - - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 1 1

UNIT-I
Introduction to Stem Cells and its Niche: Principles and properties of stem cells, types of stem cells,
comparison of embryonic and adult stem cells. Introduction to stem cell niches in the gut epithelium,
bone marrow, epidermis, testis and neural tissues.

UNIT-II
Cell Cycle and Development: Cell cycle regulators and checkpoints, cell fusion, differentiation of
stem cells and their role in self-renewal.
Epigenetic Control: DNA-methylation and histone modifications, genomic imprinting, telomerase
regulation, X-chromosome inactivation, reprogramming of cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and
their therapeutic applications.

UNIT-III
Types and Regeneration: Stem cells derived from amniotic fluid, extraembryonic membrane, germ
cells, hematopoietic organs, neurons and kidney, cord blood transplantation, donor selection, HLA
matching, patient selection, peripheral blood and bone marrow transplantation, bone marrow and cord
blood collection procedures and cryopreservation and their applications.

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UNIT-IV
Experimental Methods: Isolation and differentiation of human adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells
and mouse stem cells, stem cell techniques: fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), time lapse
video, green fluorescent protein tagging.

UNIT-V
Applications: Stem cells applications in cancer, diabetes, heart disease, muscular dystrophy,
regeneration of epidermis; stem cell regulations, debate, social and ethical concerns, Organ farming.

TEXT BOOKSs:
1. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation by Treleaven, J., first edition 2009.
2. Essentials of Stem Cell Biology by Lanza, R., second Edition, 2009 Academic Press.

SUGGESTED READINGs:
1. Molecular Cell Biology by Lodish et al., sixth Ed., W.H. Freeman & Co. 2008.
2. Stem Cells: From Bench to Bedside by Bongso and Ariff.

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22BTE19

NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(Professional Elective -IV)
Instruction 3 L Hours per week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives
1. To introduce the concept of nanotechnology and nano-size
2. To gain knowledge on the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials
3. To have awareness about different types of Nanostructures
4. To get familiarize with applications of nanobiotechnology in different fields

Course Outcomes
1. Discuss the multidisciplinary nature of nanotechnology and nanoscale paradigm in terms of
properties at the nano scale dimension.
2. Describe different methods used for the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials.
3. Interpret various types of nanostructures.
4. Summarize general applications of nanobiotechnology.
5. Outline the current applications of nanobiotechnology.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1
CO2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3
CO3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2
CO4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 1
CO5 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 3 1

UNIT-I
Introduction and Significance of Nano Domain: Nanotechnology - A Historical Perspective,
definition of nanoscale with special SUGGESTED READING to biosystems, scope and future
prospects of Nanotechnology, Nanobiotechnology and Bionanotechnology, Opportunities and
Challenges in Bionanotechnology; Limitations of micron size, need for nano-size—surface volume
ratio significance, significance and key feasstures of nano-size, comparison of particle behaviour at
nano-size to Macro Size: Gold and Titania, advantages of scaling down—nano-size.

UNIT-II
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials: Synthesis of Nanomaterials – Top-down and
bottom up approaches with examples, physical, chemical and biological methods, characterization of
nanomaterials- Optical (UV-Visible/fluorescence), X-ray diffraction, Imaging and size- (Electron
Microscopy- SEM, TEM), Atomic force microscopy, Scanning tunneling microscopy, Spectroscopy-
NMR, Raman FT-IR and Plasma Resonance

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UNIT-III
Nanostructures: Smart materials, nanoscale biostructures, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, nanoflakes,
nanoshells, quantum dots, dendrimers, micelles, nanosomes, liposomes, virosomes, polymersomes.

UNIT-IV
General Applications of Nanobiotechnology: Application of nanotechnology in medical diagnosis,
drug discovery, drug development, drug delivery, Photodynamic Therapy.

UNIT-V
Current applications of Nanobiotechnology: Application of nanotechnology in Protein Engineering,
Tissue Engineering, Agriculture, Environment, food processing, Nanotechnology and Nanoparticles:
Clinical, Ethical, and Regulatory Issues.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Christof M. Niemeyer and Chad A. Mirkin, “Nanobiotechnology: Concepts, Applications and
Perspectives”
2. Wiley Publishers, April 2004.
3. Mark Ratner and Daniel Ratner, “ Nanotechnology: A Gentle Introduction to Next Big Idea”,
Low Price edition, Third Impression, Pearson Education.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. David S Goodsell, “Bionanotechnology”, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
2. DebasisBagchi, ManashiBagchi, Hiroyoshi Moriyama, Fereidoon S hahidi, “Bio-
Nanotechnology: A Revolution in Food,Biomedical and Health Sciences” Wiley -Blackwell,
2013.
3. Elisabeth S P, Aravind P, “Bionanotechnology”, Morgan & Claypool publishers, 2007.

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22BTE20
RATIONAL DRUG DISCOVERY
(Professional Elective-IV)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. The student is made to understand the fundamentals of molecular modeling and drug
discovery
2. Students are made to understand quantum Mechanics and molecular mechanism
3. Students are enlightened about molecular dynamics simulation methods.
4. Students are enlightened about the methods for Molecular Docking and lead optimization,
ADMET properties of the drug.
5. Students are made to understand the basics of Pharmacophore and QSAR
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the students are able to
1. Describe drug discovery process, CADD, molecular modeling etc.
2. Explain the quantum Mechanics and molecular mechanism.
3. Identify various molecular dynamics simulation methods.
4. Discuss the methods for Molecular Docking and lead optimization, ADMET properties of
the drug.
5. Summarize about the Pharmacophore and QSAR.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 2 3 1
CO2 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 3 2
CO3 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 2 3 2
CO4 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 2 3 2
CO5 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 1

UNIT-I
Molecular Modeling in Drug Discovery: Drug discovery process, Role of Bioinformatics in drug
design, Methods of computer-aided drug design, ligand design methods, drug design approaches,
Target identification and validation, lead optimization and validation, Structure and ligand based drug
design, modeling of target-small molecule interactions, Molecular simulations. Protein Modeling.

UNIT-II
Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Mechanics: Features of molecular mechanics force fields;
Bond structure and bending angles –electrostatic, van der Waals and non–bonded interactions,
hydrogen bonding in molecular mechanics; Derivatives of molecular mechanics energy function;
Application of energy minimization.

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UNIT-III
Molecular Dynamics simulation methods: Molecular Dynamics using simple models; Molecular
Dynamics with continuous potentials and at constant temperature and pressure; Time–dependent
properties; Solvent effects in Molecular Dynamics; Conformational changes from Molecular
Dynamics simulation and application.

UNIT-IV
Molecular Docking and lead optimization: Molecular Docking; Types of Molecular Docking,
docking algorithms and programs, Structure-based methods to identify lead compounds; de novo
ligand design; Applications of 3D Databases Searching and virtual Screening; Strategy for target
identification and Validation, lead identification, optimization and validation. Combinatorial chemistry
and library design, virtual screening, drug likeness and compound filtering, Absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) property prediction, computer-based tools for drug
design.

UNIT-V
Pharmacophore and QSAR: Pharmacophore derivation, 3D pharmacophore prediction and
application in drug discovery; QSARs and QSPRs, QSAR Methodology, Various Descriptors used in
QSARs: Electronic; Topology; Quantum Chemical based Descriptors. Use of Genetic Algorithms,
Neural Networks and Principal Components Analysis in the QSAR equations.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computational methods in drug design Fred E. Cohen, Walter Hamilton Moos Publisher:
ESCOM Science, 1993.
2. Molecular Modelling for Beginners - Alan Hinchliffe Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2008.
ISBN: 978-0470513149.
3. Combinatorial Library Design and Evaluation: Principles, Software, Tools, Applications in Drug
Discovery – Arup Ghose, VellarkadViswanadhan Publisher: CRC Press, 2001. ISBN: 0-8247-
0487-8.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Molecular Modeling Basics - Jan H. Jensen Publisher: CRC Press, 2010. ISBN 978- 1420075267.
2. 3D QSAR in Drug Design: Recent Advances – Hugo Kubinyi, GerdFolkers, Yvonne C. Martin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN: 0-306-46858-1.
3. Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling - K. I. Ramachandran, GopakumarDeepa,
Krishnan Namboori Publisher: Springer – Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN: 978 3540773023.

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22BTE21

PROCESS DYNAMICS & CONTROL FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS

(Professional Elective–V)

Instruction 3LHoursperweek
Duration of SEE 3Hours
SEE 60Marks
CIE 40Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. The course aims at providing dynamics of system process, flow, level and temperature etc.
2. The course aims at incorporating concepts of the response of first order systems for non-
interacting and interacting systems.
3. The course aims at providing knowledge on the design of control systems for open and
closeloop control.
4. The course aims at inculcating concepts of the control of pH of process and biochemical
reactions.

Course Outcomes:
Upon completing the syllabus, the students will be able to
1. Use the knowledge of Process dynamics to control level, temperature, flow variable etc. in
bioprocess industries.
2. Devise a simple feedback control strategy for a bioprocess
3. Incorporate the knowledge of closed loop and open loop tuning methods to fine tune
thecontrol parameters.
4. Use the knowledge of control valve sizing in the design of control valve system inbioprocess
units.
5. Apply the knowledge of process control to regulate the pHof bioreactors.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 3 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2
CO2 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
CO3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3
CO4 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
CO5 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 3 3

UNIT-I
Process Dynamics: Laplace transform of simple functions, transforms of derivatives, solutions of
differential equations, inversion by partial fractions, Partial fractions. Process variables, Dynamics of
simple processes – Flow, level, Temperature, Pressure and Concentration; Transfer function –
Properties, response of simple processes for Step, Impulse and Sinusoidal Forcing functions. Concept
of Time Constant, Linearization, Response of first order systems in series - Non-interacting and
Interacting systems.

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UNIT-II
Control Actions and Controllers: Controller and Control system – measuring device and final
control elements, Open and Closed loop control, Negative and Positive feedback control, Servo and
Regulatory problems. Ideal transfer functions –Control valve, Controllers, Proportional, Integral, and
derivative actions – PI. PD and PID controls. Block diagram- Development of block diagram, overall
Transfer function for single loop system, overall transfer function for change in set point and load,
transportation lag.

UNIT-III
Optimum Controller settings: Controller Tuning – Evaluation criteria with l/4th decay ratio, Criteria
for good control- IAE. ISE, ITAE. Controller Tuning – Ziegler –Nicholas and Cohen Coon methods.
Continuous cycling method, Control of processes with a time delay.

UNIT-IV
Final Control Element: I/P Converter– pneumatic, electric and hydraulic actuators. Control valves –
Construction, valve sizing, valve characteristics, valve positioner. Control of Globe, Butterfly and
Diaphragm valves.

UNIT-V
Advanced Control Strategies: Brief description of Cascade control. Feed forward control, Ratio
control, with a simple example. Dynamics and Control of pH of a process and Biochemical reactor.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Donald R.Coughanowr , Process Systems Analysis and Control, 2nd ed., McGraw
HillInc.,1991.
2. George Stephanpoulos,”Chemical process control”,PearsonPrenticeHall,1984.
3. Seborg, Edgar, Mellichamp, Doyle, “Process Dynamics and Control”, 3rd edition John
Weilyand Sons, 2010.
4. Harriott P, “Process control”, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Co., New Delhi,Reprint1991.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. PatranabisD,PrinciplesofProcessControlby2nded.,TataMcGraw-HillpublishingCo.,NewDelhi,
Reprint1997.
2. Eckman D.P., Automatic process control, Wiley Eastern Ltd., NewDelhi,1993.

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22BTE22

IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS
(Professional Elective -V)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To learn the basic principles, procedures, and applications of immunodiagnostic
tests.
2. To understand the principles and applications of immunodiagnostic tests.
3. To learn the steps involved in the production, diagnosis, and applications of monoclonal
antibodies.
4. To learn the development of prophylactic agents such as vaccines.
5. To learn the novel methods used for immunodiagnostics.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Outline the principle, importance, scope, classification of immunodiagnostic tests and
antigen-antibody reaction
2. Explain the principles and application of immunodiagnostics tests for diagnosing various
diseases
3. Discuss the production of monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of disease.
4. Describe various methods used for vaccine development.
5. Summarize the various novel techniques used in immunodiagnostics.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 - - 1 - 2 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1
CO2 1 - - 1 - 2 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 1
CO3 1 - - 1 - 2 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 1
CO4 1 - - 1 - 2 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 1
CO5 1 - - 1 - 2 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 1

UNIT-I
Introduction to Immunodiagnostics: Principles of immunodiagnostic tests and their development;
classification of immunodiagnostic tests; Immunodiagnostics importance and scope; the antigen-
antibody reaction; Selection and preparation of reagents; Assay design; Antibody engineering;
Catalytic antibodies.

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UNIT-II
Immunodiagnostics Techniques: Immunodiagnostics techniques – Precipitation,
Immunoelectrophoresis, Agglutination, RIA, ELISA, Fluoroimmunoassay, Luminescent
immunoassay, Immunofluorescence, Cell separation techniques, Western blotting.

UNIT-III
Hybridoma Technology: Hybridoma technique - choice of host for immunization and myeloma cells,
choice of immunogen, preparation of antigen for immunization, growth of myeloma cell lines,
preparation of cells for fusion, cell fusion, selection and screening of hybridoma, purification and
application (biochemical research, clinical diagnosis and treatment) of monoclonal antibodies.

UNIT-IV
Vaccines: Whole organism Vaccines; SubUNIT-vaccines - Herpes Simplex virus, Foot and Mouth
disease; Peptide vaccines - Foot and Mouth disease, Malaria; Live recombinant vaccines- Cholera,
Salmonella; Vector vaccines - directed against viruses and bacteria; Purified vaccines, Conjugate
polysaccharide vaccines; DNA vaccines; Antifertility vaccines.

UNIT-V
Novel Techniques in Immunodiagnostics: Imaging as an Immunodiagnostic Tool; Multicolor Flow
Cytometry; Immunoglobulin and Free-light Chain Detection; Methods for Autoantibody Detection;
Immunodiagnostic of Allergy; Multiplex Analysis of Cytokines; Immuno monitoring of Clinical
Trials; Immunological Assays Used in Vaccine Clinical Trials.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Edwards R, “Immunodiagnostics: A practical approach” Oxford University Press, 1999.
2. Rastogi SC, “Immunodiagnostics Principles and Practice” New Age Publishers, 1996.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Shepherd, P., Dean C., “Monoclonal Antibodies: A Practical Approach” Oxford University
Press, 2000.
2. Jenni Punt, Sharon Stanford, Patricia Jones, Judith A Owen., “Kuby Immunology” 8 th edition,
Macmillan learning, 2018.
3. Ralph M Aloisi Lea, Principles of Immunology and Immunodiagnostics, Lea &Febiger, 1988.

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22BTE23
TISSUE ENGINEERING
(Professional Elective -V)

Instruction 3 L Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives
1. To provide fundamental principles and elements of tissue engineering.
2. To get an insight into the roles of cells, tissue organization, and matrix in tissue engineering.
3. To learn the tissue culture techniques and scale-up designs.
4. To learn the different biomaterials used for the fabrication of scaffolds.
5. To gain knowledge about the therapeutic applications of tissue engineering.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
1. Outline the concepts of tissue engineering, ethical issues, and future prospects
2. Illustrate the molecular mechanisms at the tissue level and in cell-matrix in tissue
engineering.
3. Identify in vitro culturing techniques and scale-up designs.
4. Classify the compatible biomaterials used for the fabrication of scaffolds in Tissue
engineering.
5. Summarize the therapeutic applications of tissue engineering.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 - - 1 2 - 3 - 1 1 1 2 2
CO2 1 - - 2 1 - - - - 1 - 1 3 3
CO3 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 - - 1 1 2 3 3
CO4 2 1 1 2 2 - 1 - - 1 1 2 3 3
CO5 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 2 3 3

UNIT-I
Introduction to Tissue Engineering: Basic definition of Tissue engineering; origin and history of
Tissue Engineering, an overview of its basic steps and its applications; General scientific issues,
Ethical issues; Current challenges and future prospective.

UNIT-II
Cells and Tissue Organization: Cells-cell growth and death; cell differentiation; Cells in tissues and
organs. Cell to cell interactions; cell adhesion molecules (CAM) Organization of cells into higher
ordered structures- Mesenchymal cells; EMT, Molecular mechanisms and control of EMT process.
Tissues-Vascularity; angiogenesis; wound healing Extracellular matrix (ECM) –components.
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UNIT-III
Biomaterials of Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials Properties, Types of Biomaterials, Biological
polymers; Synthetic polymers; a hybrid of synthetic and biological polymers; Scaffolds, 3D scaffolds,
Scaffold fabrication conventional techniques: Solvent casting, porogen leaching, freeze drying, electro
spinning and 3D bio-printing.

UNIT-IV
Functional Tissue Engineering: Cell and tissue culture- media; culture initiation; transformation and
immortalization; validation; differentiation; maintenance of cells in vitro; cryopreservation. Stem cells
in tissue engineering Bioreactors for tissue engineering- Bioreactor design requirements; Spinner flask
bioreactors. Rotating-wall bioreactors, Compression bioreactors, Strain bioreactors, Hydrostatic
pressure bioreactors, Flow perfusion bioreactors and combined bioreactors.

UNIT-V
Applications of Tissue Engineering: Tissue replacement –crucial factors, Skin tissue engineering,
Bone tissue engineering; Cardiac tissue engineering; Neural tissue engineering; Vascular tissue
engineering; Lab on chip/Organ on chip technology.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Robert.P.Lanza, Robert Langer & Vacanti, Principles of tissue engineering. Academic Press.
4th edition 2014.
2. B. Palsson, J.A. Hubbell, R. Plonsey & J.D. Bronzino. Tissue engineering. CRC Taylor &
Francis press 2003.
3. B. Palsson & S.N. Bhatia. Tissue engineering. Pearson Education India Education Services
Pvt. Ltd. 2016.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Atala O.P &Lanza.L, Methods of tissue engineering. Woodhead Publishing Ltd. Cambridge.
UK. 2009.

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22BTE24

BIOSIMILAR TECHNOLOGY
(Professional Elective -V)
Instruction 3 L Hours per week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. Student is made to understand about the design and development of different kinds of
biologics, biomimetics, and biosimilars.
2. Students are taught about different biotechnological applications of biologics,
biomimetics, and biosimilars.
3. Students are made to study the regulatory framework about the biosimilars.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course the students are able to
1. Outline the biologics, biosimilars and super biologics.
2. Distinguish the various biosimilar drugs
3. Compare and contrast various biosimilar characterization methods.
4. Interpret various bioequivalence studies.
5. Analyze various case studies of biosimilar products of Indian companies

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 2 0 2 3 1
CO2 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 2
CO3 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 3 3 2
CO4 1 1 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 2 0 3 3 2
CO5 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 1

UNIT-I
Introduction to Biopharma: Generics in Biopharma, definition of biologics, biosimilars, super
biologics, differences between chemical generics and biosimilars, The developmental and regulatory
challenges in biosimilar development, Prerequisites for Biosimilar development, Biosimilar market
potential.

UNIT-II
Types of Biosimilar drugs: Peptides, proteins, antibodies, Enzymes, Vaccines, Nucleic acid-based
therapies (DNA, RNA), Cell based therapies (including stem cells)

UNIT-III
Characterization methods: Aggregation- precipitation, floccule strength, precipitate aging and
kinetics, adsorption of proteins and peptides on surfaces, effect of temperature on protein structure,
hydration and thermal stability of proteins - solid powders, suspension on non-aqueous solvents,
reversed micelles, aqueous solution of polyols, analytical and spectrophotometric characterization of
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proteins.

UNIT-IV
Bioequivalence studies: Immunogenicity and allergenicity of biosimilars; factors affecting
immunogenicity - structural, post-translational modifications, formulations, impurities, manufacturing
and formulation methods for biosimilars; types of bioequivalences (average, population, individual).

UNIT-V
Case studies: Indian companies working in this space & their product pipeline (Biocon, Intas, Dr
Reddy’s, Reliance, Bharat Biotech, Lupin, Cipla, Sanofi etc); products -Insulin analog, Erythropoietin,
growth hormone, granulocyte stimulating factors, interferons, streptokinase, monoclonal antibodies.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Laszlo Endrenyi, Paul Declerck and Shein-Chung Chow, Biosimilar Drug Development, Drugs
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 216, CRC Press.
2. Cheng Liu and K. John Morrow Jr., Biosimilars of Monoclonal Antibodies: A Practical Guide
to Manufacturing, Preclinical and Clinical Development, Wiley, Dec 2016.

SUGGESTED READING Material:

1. https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/many-biosimilars-approved-unitedstates-3463281/

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22BTE20
MOLECULAR MODELING & DRUG DESIGN
(Professional Elective -V)

Instruction 3L Periods per

week
Duration of university Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 60 Marks
Sessional 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. Empirical force fields and Hydrogen bonding in different molecules.
2. Simulation methods to calculate Thermodynamic properties of molecules.
3. Molecular dynamics simulation of molecules by simple and continuous potential.
4. Practical aspects in setting and running the molecular dynamics simulation.
5. Montecarlo simulation method for rigid and flexible molecules.
6. QSAR between different protein-ligand interactions.

Course Outcomes:
After completion of the course students gain knowledge in the following concepts:
1. Analyse the total energy of the molecule by using force field potentials and Molecular
mechanics
2. Identify various computer simulation methods using Molecular modeling for drug discovery
3. Illustrate an ensemble of representative configurations under specific thermodynamic
conditions for a complex macromolecular system by simulation.
4. Outline the strategies applied by Monte Carlo Simulation methods
5. Summarize the applications of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
CO2 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 3
CO3 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 3
CO4 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 3
CO5 1 1 0 2 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 2

UNIT-I
Empirical Force Fields And Molecular Mechanics: Introduction to Molecular Mechanics,
Coordinate system, Molecular graphics, Force fields, Bond stretching, Angle bending, Torsions, Out
of plane bending motions, Electrostatic interactions, Vanderwalis interactions, Effective pair
potentials, Hydrogen bonding.

UNIT-II
Computer Simulation Methods: Calculation of Thermodynamic properties, Phase space, Practical
aspects of computer simulation, Periodic boundary condition, Boundaries monitoring Equilibrium,
Truncating the potential and minimum image convention, Long-range process, Analyzing results of
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simulation and estimating errors.

UNIT-III
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Methods: Molecular Dynamics using simple modules, Molecular
Dynamics with continuous potentials: Finite difference methods and Predictor corrector integration
method, Constraint Dynamics, Transport properties, Time-dependent properties, Molecular Dynamics
at Constant Temperature and Pressure.

UNIT-IV
Monte Carlo Simulation Methods: Metropolis methods, Importance of Hamiltonian equation, Monte
Carlo simulation of Rigid and Flexible molecules, Monte Carlo simulation of Polymers: Lattice model
& continuous polymer model, calculating chemical potential, Differences between Molecular
dynamics & Monte Carlo simulation method.

UNIT-V
Applications Of Molecular Modeling And Drug Design: Production of Drugs in Pharmaceutical
companies, CADD: Structure-Based Drug Design and Ligand Based Drug Design, Quantitative
Structural Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies in Protein-Ligand interactions, Case studies of
Alzheimer's disease, Tuberculosis, and Cancer, etc.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Molecular modeling principles and Applications AR Leach, Longman, (1996).
2. Molecular Dynamics simulation -Elementary Methods- John Wiley and Sons, (1997).

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Protein Engineering - Moody PCE and AJ Wilkinson. IRL Press.
2. Introduction to protein structure by C. Brandon and J. Tooze, Garland, 2nd edition, (1998).
3. Essentials of Drug Designing V. Kothakar, Dhruv publications.

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22EGO03
INDIAN TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE
(Open Elective–III)

Instruction 3 L Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Prerequisite: Knowledge of Indian Culture.

Course Objectives:
This course aims to:
1. To get a knowledge in Indian Culture.
2. To know Indian Languages and Literature and the fine arts in India
3. To explore the Science and Scientists of Medieval and Modern India.

Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. Understand philosophy of Indian culture.
2. Distinguish the Indian languages and literature.
3. Learn the philosophy of ancient, medieval, and modern India.
4. Acquire the information about the fine arts in India.
5. Know the contribution of scientists of different eras.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 1
CO2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1
CO3 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 1
CO4 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 1
CO5 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2

UNIT-I
Culture and Civilization: Culture, Civilization and heritage, general characteristics of culture,
importance of culture in human life, Cultural diversity, Aesthetics, Women seers, Indus culture, Indian
Cuisine, Martial arts.

UNIT-II
Education System: Education in ancient, medieval and modern India, aims of education, subjects,
Languages, Science and Scientists of ancient. Medieval and modern India. Concepts of Sciences in
Indian Knowledge Systems.

UNIT-III
Linguistic Wealth: Indian languages and Literature: The role of Sanskrit, Morphology and brevity of
Sanskrit, Concepts of NLP in IKS. Paleography, Fundamentals of Vedic Mathematics, Significance of
scriptures to current society, Indian semantics and lexicography, Darshanas.
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UNIT-IV
Art, Technology & Engineering: Sculpture, Painting and Handicrafts, Indian Music, Dance Drama and
Theatre, introduction to Mayamatam, Iron and Steel technology, Use of metals in medicinal
preparations.

UNIT-V
Science and Logic: Heliocentric system, Sulbasutras, Katapayadi, Engineering in Vedas, Adaptability
of Sanskrit in Computer languages, Related commands Hindu calendar, 6 Pramanas in Indian logic,
Scientific method applied to therapeutics, Fallacies, Tarka- Induction and deduction, Ayurvedic
biology, Definition of health.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B. Madhavan, Nagendra Pavana, Vinayak Rajat Bhat, “Introduction to Indian Knowledge
System: Concepts and Applications”, PHI Learning, June 2022.
2. Kapil Kapoor, “Text and Interpretation: The Indian Tradition”, D K Print World Ltd., 2005.
3. Samskrita Bharati, “Science in Sanskrit”,2017.
4. Satya Prakash, “Founders of sciences in Ancient India”, Govindram Hasanand, 1986.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Brajendranath Seal, “The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus”, Motilal Banarasidass,
2016.
2. Kancha Ilaiah, “Turning the Pot, Tilling the Land: Dignity of Labour in Our Times”,
Navayana, 2019.
3. Balram Singh and others, “Science & Technology in Ancient Indian Texts”, D.K. Print World
Ltd, 1st edition, 2012.
4. Smt. Kalpama Paranjepe, “Ancient Indian insight and Modern Science”, Bhandarkar Oriental
Research Institute, 1996.
5. Pradeep Parihar, “Vedic World and Ancient Science”, World House Book Publishing, 2021.

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22MEO06

PRINCIPLES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND STARTUPS

(Open Elective–III)

Instruction 3 L Hours per Week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Prerequisite: Nil
Course Objectives: This course aims to
1. Impart basic concepts and procedure of idea generation.
2. Familiarize the nature of industry and related opportunities and challenges.
3. Familiarize with elements of business plan and its procedure.
4. Learn the project management and its techniques.
5. Know the behavioral issues and time management.

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to
1. Understand the concept and essence of entrepreneurship.
2. Identify business opportunities and nature of enterprise.
3. Analyze the feasibility of new business plan.
4. Apply project management techniques like PERT and CPM for effective planning and
execution of projects.
5. Use behavioral, leadership and time management aspects in entrepreneurial journey.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
CO2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 1
CO3 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1
CO4 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 1
CO5 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1

UNIT-I
Entrepreneurship: Definition, Characteristics of an Entrepreneur, Functions of Entrepreneurs,
Entrepreneur vs. Intrapreneur, First Generation Entrepreneur, Women Entrepreneurship, Ideas and
their Sources, Conception and Evaluation of Ideas.
Behavioral Aspects of Entrepreneurs: Personality: Determinants, Attributes and Models,
Leadership: Concepts and Models, Values and Attitudes, Motivation Aspects.

UNIT-II
Indian Industrial Environment: Competence, Opportunities and Challenges, Entrepreneurship and
Economic Growth, Small Scale Industry in India, objectives, Linkage among Small, Medium and
Heavy Industries, Types of Enterprises, Corporate Social Responsibility.

UNIT-III
Business Plan: Introduction, Elements of Business Plan and its salient features, Business Model
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Canvas, Technical Analysis, Profitability and Financial Analysis, Marketing Analysis, Feasibility
Studies, Executive Summary.

UNIT-IV
Project Management: During construction phase, project organization, project planning and control
using CPM, PERT techniques, human aspects of project management.
Time Management: Approaches of Time Management, their strengths and weaknesses. Time
Management Matrix, Urgency Addiction.

UNIT-V
Startup: Definition, Startup Ecosystem, Startup Incubator, Need and Importance of Startups and
Incubation Centers. Sources of Finance and Incentives for Startups. Innovation, Creativity,
Intellectual Property in Entrepreneurial Journey. Business firm Registration Process in INDIA.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Vasant Desai, “Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development and Management”, Himalaya
Publishing House, 1997.
2. Prasanna Chandra, “Project-Planning, Analysis, Selection, Implementation and Review”,
Tata Mcgraw- Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 1995.
3. S.S. Khanka, “Entrepreneurial Development”, S. Chand & Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2015.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Robert D. Hisrich, Michael P. Peters, “Entrepreneurship”, 5 th edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Company. Ltd., 2005.
2. Stephen R. Covey and A. Roger Merrill, “First Things First”, Simon and Schuster Publication,
1994.

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22CIO02
FUNDAMENTALS OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
(Open Elective–III)
Instruction 3 L Hours per Week
Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives
1. To provide an understanding of blockchain benefits and limitations
2. To familiarize with decentralisation and cryptography
3. To explore theoretical foundations of bitcoin
4. To equip with the knowledge of smart contracts
5. To analyse real-world case studies and applications of blockchain technology across various
industries.
Course Outcomes
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
1. Explain the fundamental concepts and principles of blockchain technology.
2. Describe the decentralisation and cryptographic primitives.
3. Understand bitcoin and its limitations
4. Analyse smart contracts and Ethereum blockchain
5. Evaluate the potential applications and impact of blockchain technology in different sectors.
6.
CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 3 3 3 3 1 - - - - - - 3
CO2 3 3 3 3 1 - - - - - - 3
CO3 3 3 3 3 2 - - - - - - 3
CO4 3 3 3 3 2 - - - - - - 3
CO5 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - 3

UNIT–I
Introduction to Blockchain Technology: Blockchain 101: Distributed systems, History of
blockchain, Introduction to blockchain, Types of blockchain, CAP theorem and blockchain, Benefits
and limitations of blockchain.

UNIT–II
Decentralization and Cryptography: Decentralization using blockchain, Methods of
decentralization, Routes to decentralization, Decentralized organizations. Cryptography and Technical
Foundations: Cryptographic primitives, Asymmetric cryptography, Public and private keys

UNIT–III
Bitcoin and Alternative Coins: Bitcoin, Transactions, Blockchain, Bitcoin payments Alternative
Coins. Theoretical foundations, Bitcoin limitations, Namecoin, Litecoin, Primecoin, Zcash

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UNIT–IV
Smart Contracts and Ethereum 101: Smart Contracts: Definition, Ricardian contracts. Ethereum
101: Introduction, Ethereum blockchain, Elements of the Ethereum blockchain, Precompiled contracts.

UNIT–V
Alternative Blockchains: Blockchain-Outside of Currencies: Internet of Things, Government, Health,
Finance, Media. Case studies and real-world projects showcasing blockchain technology in various
industries.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Imran Bashir, “Mastering Blockchain - Distributed ledgers, decentralization and smart
contracts explained”, Packt Publishing Ltd, Second Edition, 2018
2. Imran Bashir, “Mastering Blockchain - A technical reference guide to the inner workings of
blockchain, from cryptography to DeFi and NFTs”, Packt Publishing Ltd, Fourth Edition,
2023

SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. Arvind Narayanan, Joseph Bonneau, Edward Felten, Andrew Miller, and Steven Goldfeder.
"Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies: A Comprehensive Introduction"
2. Daniel Drescher, “Blockchain Basics: A Non-Technical Introduction in 25 Steps”, Apress,
First Edition, 2017.

E-RESOURCES:
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/104/106104220/
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/105/106105184/

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22ADO01
INDUSTRY 5.0: APPLICATIONS OF AI
(Open Elective–III)

Instruction 3 Hours per week

Duration of SEE 3 Hours
SEE 60 Marks
CIE 40 Marks
Credits 3

Course Objectives:
1. To introduce Artificial Intelligence in detail from its basics to future applications and tools of
Industry 5.0
2. To provide insights on technological advancements and focus on preparing students and
researchers for Industry 5.0
3. To impart the importance of AI technologies in assistive technology
4. To discuss the available applications of AI for promoting early diagnosis of diseases
5. To understand the various AI technologies
Course Outcomes:
1. Summarize the evolution, current applications, and future challenges of artificial intelligence.
2. Evaluate the foundational elements and impacts of AI within machine learning paradigms.
3. Analyze AI's effectiveness in diagnosing diseases and enhancing assistive technology.
4. Design AI-driven solutions for modernizing and improving agricultural practices.
5. Assess AI's role in advancing radiotherapy techniques and ensuring quality assurance.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3
CO2 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3
CO3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3
CO4 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3
CO5 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3

UNIT-I
Artificial Intelligence Insight: Artificial Intelligence: What and Why, History of AI,What is
AI?,The Basics, AI Environment, Challenges in AI, Current work in AI for environment, Customer
Experience (CX) and the use of AI, Future of AI, Future challenges in AI

UNIT-II
Influence of AI in Machine Learning: Definition, What is Machine Learning, Importance of
Machine Learning, Types of Machine Learning, Approaches of Machine Learning - Machine
Learning Algorithm, Programming Languages, Frameworks, Databases, Deployment tools,
Methodology for Model Building, Machine learning methods, Statistical Measures, Application areas
of Machine Learning, Medical Machine Learning , Influence of AI and ML in Clinical and Genomic
Diagnostics.

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UNIT-III
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare sector & Assistive Technology (AT): AI in diagnosis of
Genetic Diseases, Cancer, Diabetes, AI in Diagnosis of Syndrome, AI in diagnosis of Psychiatric
Disorders, Depression, Alzheimer’s Disease, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Anxiety, Parkinson’s
Disease, AI in other Diagnosis, Infectious, Lung and Brain Disease, Case studies on AI in systems
Biology, AI technologies in Systems Biology towards Pharmacogenomics, AI in Systems Biology
for Cancer Cure, Applications of AI for COVID-19 Pandemic, Transformative impact of AI on AT,
AI experience and AT for disables people in India, AI Powered technology for an inclusive world .

UNIT-IV
Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture: Need of AI in Agriculture, Emerging Agricultural
Technologies, Soil and water sensors, Weather Tracking, Satellite Imaging Agriculture, Automation
Systems, RFID Technology, Potential Agricultural Domain for Modernization, AI transformation in
Agricultural Scenarios.

UNIT-V
Artificial Intelligence in Radiotherapy: Importance of Artificial Intelligence in Radiotherapy , AI
tools for automated treatment planning (ATP), Present ATP techniques, AI applications,
Advancements and Research Guidance in ATP, AI challenges in ATP, AI in Intensity-modulated
Radiotherapy (IMRT), AI for IMRT Dose Estimation, AI for IMRT Planning Support, AI for
Modeling IMRT outcome and plan deliverability, AI for AUTO- Segmentation of OAR in IMRT,
AI in Brachytherapy, AI in Radiotherapy Quality Assurance, Challenges associate with AI for
Quality Assurance in RT, Future directions to improve AI-based Quality Assurance in RT, AI in
Radiation Biology, AI in Radiation Protection/Safety, Motivations to develop AI-Based systems for
Radiation protection .

TEXT BOOK:
1. Kaliraj, P., & Devi, T. (Eds.). (2021). Artificial Intelligence Theory, Models, and
Applications (1st ed.). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, ebook ISBN
9781032008097 Auerbach Publications. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003175865

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22BTC33
TECHNICAL SEMINAR

Instruction 2P Hours per week

CIE 50 Marks
Credits 1

Course Objectives: This course aims to:

1. To introduce students to critical reading, understanding, summarizing,
explaining and preparing report on state-of-the-art topics in a broad area of his/her
specialization.
2. Seminar topics may be chosen by the students with advice from the faculty
members and thestudent shall read further relevant articles in the domain.
3. Documenting the seminar report in a prescribed format.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able to:
1. Study and review research papers of new field/areas and summarize them.
2. Identify promising new directions of various cutting edge technologies in Computer
Science and Engineering
3. Impart skills to prepare detailed report describing the selected topic/area.
4. Acquire skills to write technical papers/articles for publication.
5. Effectively communicate by making an oral presentation before the evaluating committee.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 3 1 2 2 2
CO2 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 3 2 2 2
CO3 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 1
CO4 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
CO5 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2

The seminar must be clearly structured and the power point presentation shall include following
aspects:
1. Introduction to the topic
2. Literature survey
3. Consolidation of available information
4. Summary and Conclusions
5. References
Each student is required to:
1. Submit a one page synopsis of the seminar talk for display on the notice board.
2. Deliver the seminar for a maximum duration of 30 minutes, where the presentation
should be for 20 minutes in PowerPoint, followed by Question and Answers session for
10 minutes.
3. Submit the detailed report of the seminar in spiral bound in a précised format as
suggested by the department.

Seminars are to be scheduled from 3rd week to the last week of the semester and any change in
schedule shall be discouraged. For the award of sessional marks students are judged by three (3)
faculty members and are based on oral and written presentations as well as their involvement in the
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discussions during the oral presentation.

Note: Topic of the seminar shall preferably be from any peer reviewed recent journal publications.

Guidelines for awarding Marks

Sno. Description Max. Marks
1 Contents and Relevance 10
2 Presentation Skills 10
3 Preparation of Presentation slides 05
4 Question and Answers 05
5 Report in prescribed format 20

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22BTC34
PROJECT PART-II

Instruction 8P Hours per week

SEE 100 Marks
CIE 100 Marks
Credits 4

Course Objectives: This course aims to:

1. Enable the student to extend further the investigative study taken up, either fully
theoretical/practical or involving both theoretical and practical work, under the guidance
of a Supervisor from the Department alone or jointly with a Supervisor drawn from R&D
laboratory/Industry.
2. Provide a good training for the student(s) in R&D work and technical leadership.

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Carry out In depth study of the topic assigned;

2. Review and finalize the Approach to the Problem relating to the assigned topic;
3. Prepare an Action Plan for conducting the investigation, including teamwork;
4. Present a Detailed Analysis/Modeling/Simulation/Design/Problem Solving/Experiment as
needed and Develop a product/process, testing, results, conclusions and future directions;
5. Prepare a Dissertation in the standard format for being evaluated by the Department, paper for
Conference presentation/ Publication in Journals, if possible and Present a Final Seminar
before Departmental Committee.

CO-PO ARTICULATION MATRIX

PO/PSO/
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO
CO1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1
CO2 1 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 3
CO3 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 3
CO4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 1
CO5 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 2 2

Guidelines for the award of marks in CIE: (Max. Marks: 100)

Evaluation by Max. Marks Evaluation Criteria / Parameter

10 Review 1
Department 15 Review 2
Review
Committee 25 Submission
10 Regularity and Punctuality
10 Work Progress
Supervisor
10 Quality of the work which may lead to publications
10 Report Preparation
10 Analytical / Programming / Experimental Skills

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Guidelines for awarding marks in SEE: (Max. Marks: 100)

Evaluation by Max. Marks Evaluation Criteria / Parameter

20 PowerPoint Presentation
40 Thesis Evaluation

External and Quality of the project

Internal  Innovations
Examiners 20  Applications
together  Live Research Projects
 Scope for future study
 Application to society

20 Viva-VoceS

PROJECT PART II GUIDELINES:

These guidelines assure consistency in the quality and components of project within the
Department and they are segregated into 3 sections
A) Section 1 describes guidelines and procedures for allotment, submission, and acceptance of
the project
1. Students will be allotted a faculty supervisor based on their topic/ area of interest.
2. There will be a maximum of 3 students attached to each of the staff for each research project
3. Students are encouraged to continue the topic of Project Part I in their previous semester
4. The project problem statement and topic should be finalized in consultation with the faculty
supervisor
5. Care should be taken that no two project problems should be the same. Care should be taken
that the problem should not be the same as done in the department over the last three years
6. No change in project or group after the department research committee and HoD finalize the
list
7. Hardbound project thesis (4 Nos) duly certified by internal guide, external guide (if any), DRC
and the HOD should be submitted at the time of external viva-voce examination
8. The students should record the observations, impressions, information gathered and
suggestions given, if any. It should contain the sketches & drawings related to the
observations made by the students. Students shall be ready to show the diary to the internal
guide or DRC or HoD at any point of time.
9. Responsibilities of students include
 Schedule meetings as needed with the guide, or others as needed.
 Meet the deadlines as specified in the departmental curriculum.
 Submit working drafts to the project guide during the writing process.
 The student is responsible for making all arrangements for the preparation of the
thesis
B) Section 2 provides an overview of the structure and content of the project thesis and minimal
formatting requirements for preparation of the thesis.
1. The thesis consists of three general sections: The preliminary pages, text and references.
 Title page (mention the guide’s name - both internal and external also)
 Certificates (INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL)
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 Declaration
 Acknowledgements
 Contents
 Abbreviations
 List of Tables
 List of Figures
 Graphical Abstract or comprehensive overview of work
 Abstract (in 250 words) and Keywords
 Novelty statement
 Introduction
 Review of literature
 Materials and Methods
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusions(200 words)
 References
 Appendix (if any)
 Published research papers (if any)
2. The thesis should be written in Times New Roman (12 size), 1.5 or double spacing, headings
and side headings in bold, well defined margins, pagination, etc.
3. Students are instructed to prepare a comprehensive PowerPoint presentation with all findings
to present before the external examiner
C) Section 3 suggests the time schedule.
Students should attend all the reviews and follow the deadlines as per the almanac will be allotted with
a faculty supervisor
Suggested schedule:
Starting Date Day 1 (As per almanac)
Literature review/survey End of 1 Weeks
Process Manuscript submission End of 2 Weeks
Material and microbes procurement End of 4 Weeks
Results and Analysis End of 12 Weeks
Approval of printout draft and Manuscript End of 15 Weeks
Submission of bound copies Last Day (As per almanac)
The project would be evaluated on a regular basis by the DRC by conducting periodical reviews
and marks will be awarded following the rubrics.

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