Use computer communication network to

transfer information

6.1 Identify types of computer communication

networks with its advantages and disadvantages
6.2 Transfer information using Computer
communication network
Use computer communication network to
transfer information

A network is the group of computers and other

electronic devices that are connected together so
as to be able to exchange information and share
the available resources.

• Computer and other electronic devices can be

connected by Wire (Cables) or wireless (WiFi).

• Computers and electronic devices on the

network can be referred to as a node.
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
Types of computer networks
Networks can be categorized depending on size (geographical
range). These are;
✓PAN (Personal Area Network),
✓LAN(local Area Network),
✓MAN (Metropolitan Area network),
✓WAN (Wide area network).
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information

• PAN is the interconnection between devices within

the range of a person’s private space, typically
within a range of 10 meters.
Use computer communication network to
transfer information
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
• A LAN is composed of inter-connected
workstations and personal computers which are
each capable of accessing and sharing data and
devices, such as printers, scanners and data
storage devices.

• Covers small geographical area such as a home,

school, computer laboratory, office building or
group of buildings.
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
• A MAN usually interconnects a number of local
area networks (LANs). Its covers a city or a large
campus
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
• A Wide Area Network (WAN) is the network that
covers a large geographic area such as across
states, or countries.
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
• Network topology is the way in which devices
are interconnected to form a network.
Network topology ( physical or logical layout of devices
(like computers, switches, routers in a network.

TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGIES:

• There are five types of network topology
– Bus
– Mesh
– Star
– Ring and
– Hybrid.
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
• BUS TOPOLOGY
In bus topology there is a main cable and all the
devices are connected to this main cable.
ADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY
Easy to connect a computer or a device to a linear bus.
Requires less cables.
Easy to expand by joining two cables together
DISADVANTAGES OF BUS TOPOLOGY
Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main
cable.
Difficult to identify the problem if the entire
network shuts down
If network traffic increases or devices increase, the
performance of the network decreases.
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
• STAR TOPOLOGY
In Start Topology, all the computers are connected to
the central located device called as hub.
ADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY

Easy to manage and maintain the network because

each node require separate cable.
Easy to locate problems because cable failure only
affect a single user.
Easy to extend the network without disturbing to the
entire network

DISADVANTAGES
Entire performance of the network depends on the
single device hub.
If the hub device goes down, the entire network will
be dead.
Star topology requires more wires compared to the ring
and bus topology.
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
• RING TOPOLOGY
In Ring Topology, each device is connected with its
neighboring node forming the shape of ring.
ADVANTAGES OF RING TOPOLOGY
The traffic is unidirectional and the data transmission is
high-speed.
Ring network can handle high volume of nodes in a
network (Robust).
DISADVANTAGES
A single break in the cable can cause disturbance in the
entire network
Uni-directional Ring, a data packet (token) must pass
through all the nodes.
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
• MESH TOPOLOGY
In Mesh Topology, all the computers are inter-
connected to each other in a network.
ADVANTAGES OF MESH TOPOLOGY.
It is robust(It is reliable)
There are multiple paths available in full-mesh topology.
Data can be transmitted simultaneously.
Any maintenance work in network will not cause any
disturbance for the devices in full-mesh topology

DISADVANTAGES.
The cost to implement is higher than other network
topologies
A lot of cabling is required.
Owing to its complexity, the administration of a mesh
network is difficult.
 Use computer communication network to
transfer information
• HYBRID TOPOLOGY.
Refers to the combination of two or more
different topologies. For example Hybrid topology
can be formed by combining a star topology and
mesh topology.

TASK.
What are the Advantages and disadvantages of
Hybrid topology?
 USES/APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER
NETWORK
• Resource sharing.
Networks allow computers to share and access
resources with other computing devices connected
to it. Examples of resources that can be shared
includes printers, scanners and software.

• Communication.
A computer network can provide a powerful
communication medium among employees.
Virtually every company that has two or more
computers now has e-mail (electronic mail), which
employees generally use for a great deal of daily
communication
Transfer information using Computer
communication network
end of the
topic
 Components and functions of
telecommunication system

7.1 Identify components of telecommunication

system and explain functions of each
components.

7.2 Explain the benefits of telecommunication

system
 What is telecommunication?
• Telecommunications, also known as telecom, is the
exchange of information over long distance by means
of electromagnetic waves. Telecommunication
means talking or sending messages over a distance
using technology.
• In telecommunication, Information such as voice,
data and video are transmitted via electronic
technologies like telephones (wired and wireless),
microwave communications, fibre optics, satellites,
radio and television broadcasting, and the internet
 Components of telecommunication
systems:
Telecommunication system is built up by numerous
components.

For the sake of our scope of study, we will focus mostly

on;
a) Cables
b) Switch
c) Server
 CABLES.
• Refers to a wire through which the signals
are transmitted.
• Network cable acts like a medium through
which information travels from one
network device to the other.
• There are three basic types of cables used
in telecommunication network:
✓Twisted pair: Used in telephone lines and LANs (Local
Area Networks).
✓Coaxial:Used for cable TV, older internet systems.
✓Fiber optic: Uses light to send data — very fast and
used for modern high-speed internet.
 SWITCHES
• A Network switch is a device in a computer network that
connects together other devices.
• Multiple data cables are plugged into a switch to enable
communication between different networked devices.

Function:
Switch receives a message from any device connected to it and
then transmits the message only to that device for which the
message was meant/sent.
 SERVER.
• A server is a computer or system that provides resources,
data, services, or programs to other computers, known as
clients, over a network. A server is like a powerful
computer that stores, processes, and shares data.
• There are many types of servers, including web servers, mail
servers, file servers etc.
• Any computer can be a “network server,” but what
separates a server from a workstation is not the hardware,
but rather the function performed by the computer.
Functions:
• Store files.
• Send files and data to other computers on its network.
• Process requests from client computers.
 Types of Transmission Media
• In data communication terminology, A transmission medium
is the channel or path through which data travels from a
transmitter (sender) to a receiver (destination). it is the
channel through which data is sent from one place to another.
• Transmission Media is broadly classified into the following
types:
 GUIDED(WIRED) MEDIA
• Data travels through a physical path (like a
wire or cable).
• Features:
✓ High Speed
✓ Secure(Less affected by externa)
interference.
✓ Used for comparatively shorter distances
There are 3 major types of Guided Media:
✓Twisted Pair Cable

✓Coaxial Cable

✓Optical Fiber Cable

 UNGUIDED MEDIA.
• It is also referred to as Wireless or Unbounded
transmission media.
• No physical medium is required for the
transmission of electromagnetic signals.
• Features:
✓Signal is broadcasted through air
✓Less Secure
✓Used for larger distances
 TRANSMISSION MODES
• Transmission mode refers to the mechanism of
transferring of data between two devices
connected over a network.
• It is also called Communication Mode.
• These modes direct the direction of flow of
information.
• There are three types of transmission modes.
They are:
✓ Simplex Mode
✓ Half duplex Mode
✓ Full duplex Mode
SIMPLEX Mode
• In this type of transmission mode, data can be
sent only in one direction i.e. communication
is unidirectional. (Only one person talks. The
other just listens)
Example: Like watching TV
HALF DUPLEX Mode
• Half-duplex data transmission means that data can
be transmitted in both directions on a signal carrier,
but not at the same time. "You both can talk, but
one at a time." Example: Like using a walkie-
talkie
Half duplex cont.
FULL DUPLEX Mode
• In full duplex system we can send data in both the
directions as it is bidirectional at the same time in
other words, data can be sent in both directions
simultaneously. "You both can talk at the same
time.“ Example: Like a phone call
CONCLUSION.
• Full duplex performs better than half duplex, and half
duplex in turn performs better than simplex.
 FUNCTIONS OF TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
• Transmits information to far distance between
people, satellites or computers.
• To ensure that right message received by right user.
• Control the flow of information that dependent on
the communication channels and the terminals used
to transmit information
 Advantages of telecommunication
a) Improve Efficiency
• The latest telecommunication devices and networks
have made it easier for employees to send and receive
data from different locations in real-time.
• A business can even share information with customers,
suppliers and partners via a live video feed.
• All these players can connect and interact through
voice calls, e-mails and video conferences among other
platforms.
b) Inspire Collaboration
• Telecommunication is an important aspect when it
comes to executing cross-team collaboration in a
company or organization.
• With the use of technologies, such as video calling,
video conferencing and telepresence video
streaming, employees working in different
departments or separate locations can work together
quite effortlessly.
c) Bring Flexibility to the Workplace
• Telecommunication offers a range of flexible work
options which company employees can adopt.
• With the use of video conference and video calling
systems, employees can work from home or join in any
corporate meetings from anywhere at any time.
• Access to a video conference can be done from a PC or
mobile device.
• That eliminates the need to attend physical meetings or
manual visit offices to get the work done.
d) Save Time
• With the use of video calls and video conferences,
inviting people to join in a virtual meeting space is a
matter of minutes.
• All the host needs to do is invite attendees through
email or video call them on their smartphones.
 Disadvantages of telecommunication
a) Eliminate Face-To-Face Contact
• Adopting telecommunication systems may allow company
employees to interact from different locations, but it doesn't
offer colleagues a chance to enjoy a one-on-one talk.

b) Increase the Communication Costs of a Company

• Acquiring and setting up telecommunication equipment
and/or software may require a huge budget.
• Right from high-quality webcams to huge LCD screens all
through sophisticated video conferencing software, a business
can really spend a lot in getting everything set up.
c) Increase Vulnerability to Information Hacking and
Attacks
• One of the major problems associated with the use of
telecommunication systems is security attacks.
• With sensitive data being transmitted and shared over
the Internet and other networks, there's a possibility
people will try to hack it either for their own pleasure
or for use by the competition.
d) Lead to Isolation between Employers and
Their Employees
• The use of telecommunication systems has
encouraged many employers and employees to
adopt the telecommuting or work-from-home job
format.
• This mode of working keeps employers and
employees apart, something that might hurt the
performance of a business.
Applications of telecommunications
• Banking, automatic teller machines, telebanking;
• Aviation, booking of tickets;
• Sales, wholesale and order handling;
• Credit card payments at gasoline stations;
• Booking of hotel rooms by travel agencies;
• Material purchasing by industry;
• Government operations, such as taxation.
end of the
topic
 Use Internet to perform different
operations
9.1 Define internet
9.2 Describe various browsers and their
common features
9.3 Describe various search engines
9.4 Identify various applications running on
internet.
9.5 Send mails and files using internet
9.6 Make video calls using different internet
application
9.7 Download different files using internet
9.8 Search news and other information using
internet.
 INTERNET, INTRANET AND EXTRANET

INTERNET.
Refer to a global system of interconnected
computer networks that use the standard
Internet protocol (IP) to connect billions of
computer users worldwide.
INTRANET
• An intranet is a private network that can only
be accessed by authorized users.
• The prefix "intra" means "internal" and
therefore implies an intranet is designed for
internal communications.
• An intranet belongs to an organization which is
only accessible by the organization's employee
or members.
• The main aim of the intranet is to share the
information and resources among the
organization employees.
EXTRANET
Refer to private network that can be accessed
by authorized outside users, enabling
businesses to exchange information over the
Internet in a secure way.
extranets typically require authentication for
users to access them, i.e. the access to the
extranet is restricted to only those users who
have login credentials.
 CONNECTION OF INTERNET

To connect computer to the internet you will need

the following.
•Cable such as USB cable, Modem, Ethernet cable

•Wireless such as WiFi

After connection, you need the following to be

able to use the internet:
• Internet data
• Browser
 INTERNET DATA

Internet data is internet content delivered to

Computer and other electronic devices.

Data is measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes

(MB) and gigabytes (GB). There are 1,024 bytes
in a kilobyte, 1,024 kilobytes in a megabyte and
1,024 megabytes in a gigabyte.
Web browser
Is a software application for retrieving,
presenting and traversing information
resources on the World Wide Web.
Examples are Chrome, Mozilla Firefox,
Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari.
Common features of web browser
Most Web browsers share standard features such
as:
• A home button - which, when selected, will
bring a user to a pre-defined homepage.
• A Web address bar - which allows users to
input a Web address and visit a website.
• Back and forward buttons - which will take the
user to the previous or the next page they
were on.
• Refresh - a button which can be used to reload
a Web page.
• Stop - a button which makes a Web cease
communication with a Web server, stopping a
page from loading.
• Tabs - which allow users to open multiple
websites in a single window.
• Bookmarks - which allow a user to select
specific, predefined-by-the-user websites.
• Plug-ins - allow users to make use of tasks such
as adding security features.
Search engine
Search engine is a program that searches and
identifies items in a database that correspond
to keywords specified by the user.
Examples of search engines are Google,
Amazon, Yahoo!, Bing, DuckDuckGo, AOL,
Baidu, Ask.com, Yandex, Ecosia, etc.
 Applications running on internet.
1. Communication
• Email
• Skype
• Google Meet
• Zoom
• WhatsApp
• Facebook Messenger
2. Job Search
• Ajira portal
• Online job
3. Online Shopping
4. Web Browsing
5. Stock Market Updates
6. Travel
7. Research
8. E-Commerce
9. Online Payments
• MUSE
10. e-Procurement System
• TANePS
10. Social Networking
11. E-Banking
12. E-Learning
13. Entertainment
• Online games
• Youtube
• Instagram
• Ticktop
 Send mails and files using internet

E-mail:
E-mail (Electronic mail) is a method of
exchanging digital messages from sender to
recipient(s).
Example: kwambianas@gmail.com
 PARTS OF E-MAIL ADDRESS

Every email address has three main parts:

a username
(@) at symbol,
domain name.

For example consider, kwambianas@gmail.com

“kwambianas" is the username

“gmail.com" is the domain name.

“@” is the connector of username and domain name

Steps to create email account.

Step 1: Connect computer to internet.

Step 2: Open browser such as Google chrome,

Opera, Internet explorer, safari, etc.
Step 3: Choose email provider (Domain name)
such as google provides gmail, yahoo provides
yahoomail, etc.

Step 4: Open search engine and write create

account (to sing up). Examples of search engine
are: google, yahoo, ping, etc.
Step 5: Fill person details.
Step 6: Agree with terms and conditions

Let open an email

Compose and Send e-mail message

Step 1: Login to your email

Step 2: Click Compose
Step 3: Enter email address and subject
Step 4: Write the message then click
send or you can attach a file (if you need
to share) then click send
CARBON COPY (CC) & BLIND CARBON COPY (BCC)
• Use Cc when you want to copy others publicly,
and Bcc when you want to do it privately.
• CC and BCC are both send copies of an email to
additional recipients but they work different.
• CC recipients are visible to others, while BCC
recipients are not visible.
✓ Read e-mail
Step 1: Login to your email account
Step 2: click inbox to view all unread
email then click on it to read. Also you
can reply or forward to others.
 Make video calls using different internet
application
1. Google Meet
Google Meet is the upgraded version of Google Duo. Google Meet is
more than a video calling app and can be used for seamless video
calling, meetings, and training sessions.

2. Facebook Messenger
Facebook Messenger is a widely trusted messaging and video-calling
app that is pretty easy to use. It is a free texting and video calling
platform that allows you to easily make one-on-one and group video
calls.
3. Zoom
Zoom is one of the best cloud-based video calling and conferencing
services, popular for its extended functionalities. You can use Zoom
on any operating system, as the service offers dedicated apps for
each platform. With the Zoom Android app, you can access a whole
range of video calling features.

4. WhatsApp
WhatsApp is one of the most popular chatting and video calling apps
worldwide, with about 2 Billion monthly active users. You can initiate
a chat or make a video call through WhatsApp to any of your contacts
registered on the platform. When it comes to privacy, WhatsApp is a
secure app and enables end-to-end data encryption for all
conversations.
5. Viber
Viber is another popular chatting and video calling app with over 1
Billion active users worldwide. You can install the app and register
with your phone number to make audio and video calls to anyone
across the globe. It is a decent app to make group video calls with up
to 50 participants.

6. Skype
Skype is a Microsoft creation that allows you to make free HD video
and voice calls. Skype offers one of the best video calling experiences
on Android devices.

7. Instagram
Instagram is more of a social media platform than a video calling app,
but its video chat feature makes it stand out for one-on-one
communication.
8. Google Meet
Google Meet is one of the best apps for video calls with large crowds.
Calls you make on Google Meet offer little to no lag, and the sound
and video quality are top-notch.

9. IMO
Another top-notch video calling app for PC is IMO, the instant
messaging app. Imo isn’t just a great video call app for PC Windows
10 – but they have compatible versions for Mac, iOS, and Android.

10. Wire
The online platform Wire is one of the best video calling apps for pcs.
It takes a different approach from our list's other video calling apps.
Rather than focusing on call quality and signal strength, they focus
more intensely on the security side of things.
 Download different files using internet
Download
Means receiving a file from the Internet on your
computer

Upload
Means sending a file from your computer to
somewhere via Internet.
HYPERLINK
A hyperlink is a reference to data that the
user can follow by clicking.

HYPERTEXT
Hypertext is the text displayed on a computer
or other electronic devices with references to
other text that the reader can immediately
access.
Examples of Hyperlink
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
Is a unique identifier used to locate a
resource on the internet. It is also referred
to as a web address.
A typical URL could have the form
www.tia.ac.tz
www ( World Wide Web)
www is the collection of web pages that
stored in web servers and connected to
remote computers through the internet
Domain name
Domain name is the address for visiting web
pages. Such as tia.ac.tz or yahoo.com or
gmail.com
 Search news and other information
using internet.

To be able to search news and other information,

computer must have;
1. Connected to internet
2. Internet bundle
3. Web Browser
 Search news and other information
using internet.

Steps of searching news and other information

using internet.
1. Go to search engine
2. Type keyword into the search bar. You'll find the
search bar at the top of most search engines. You
can enter a single word, a sentence, a phrase,
some numbers, or anything else you wish.
 Search news and other information
using internet.

3. Press enter. This displays search results

in a list. If you're using a smartphone or tablet,
you may have to tap Search or Go instead.
4. Click or tap a result to view it. If you've found a
website that looks like what you want, click or tap
it to open in your browser. To go back to the search
results, click or tap your browser's back button.
 USES OF INTERNET
• Used in Communication such as email,
social media like whatsApp, facebook,
Instagram, etc.
• Used in commerce (Selling and Buying)
• Used in file sharing
• Used in refreshment like playing game
• Used in downloading and uploading
documents
• Used in business (Running Organization
activities)
• Online storage
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

Advantages of internet:
Sharing of files
Communication among people
Banking,
shopping
Selling and making money
Entertainment
Cloud computing and cloud storage
Disadvantages cont…
Hackers can create viruses that can get into
your personal computer and ruin valuable
data.
Use of internet reduce physical interactions.
Pornography that can get in the hands of
young children too easily.
Easy to waste a lot of time on the internet.
end of the
topic