Assignment No: 03 Subject: IT Class: XI
Post Date: 09/08/2024 Submit Date: 16/ 08 /2024
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1. What is the difference between Ring Topology and Star Topology
Ans: Ring Topology:
Structure: Devices are connected in a circular loop.
Data Transmission: Data travels in one or both directions around the ring.
Fault Tolerance: A single failure can disrupt the entire network unless redundancy is present.
Performance: Can degrade with more devices due to increased data hops.
Cost/Implementation: More complex and costly; requires more cabling.
Usage: Less common, used in specific applications like FDDI networks.
Star Topology:
Structure: Devices are connected to a central hub.
Data Transmission: Data is sent to the hub, which routes it to the destination.
Fault Tolerance: Failure of a single device doesn’t affect the network; hub failure can disrupt the entire network.
Performance: Generally better and more scalable; handles high traffic well.
Cost/Implementation: Easier and less expensive to set up; requires less cabling.
Usage: Very common in LANs, especially in homes and offices.
2. What is difference between Switch and Router?
Ans: Switch:
Function: Connects devices within a local area network (LAN) to allow communication between them.
Data Handling: Forwards data (frames) only to the specific device (based on MAC address) within the same network.
Network Layer: Operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model.
Usage: Primarily used to create or extend a network by connecting multiple devices like computers, printers, and
servers.
IP Address: Doesn’t assign IP addresses; works with MAC addresses.
Router:
Function: Connects multiple networks and directs data (packets) between them.
Data Handling: Forwards data between different networks (based on IP addresses), often connecting a LAN to the
internet.
Network Layer: Operates at Layer 3 (Network Layer) of the OSI model.
Usage: Used to route data between different networks, such as between a home network and the internet.
IP Address: Assigns IP addresses to devices on the network (often through DHCP).
3. Discuss about the layers of Internet Protocol Suit.
Ans. The Internet protocol suite is a set of communications protocols used in the Internet and computer networks. It
is commonly known as TCP/IP because the foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP).The simple task of sending the data from one place to another through network
requires several sub-tasks such as specifying sender and receiver’s network and physical address, dividing the
message into smaller fragments so that they can be easily transmitted over Internet, taking appropriate measures
for error and flow control, and taking necessary action on receiving the message.
Application layer:-Data/message is created at the sender’s end and at the receiving end it is examined and
processed. This layer is also responsible for enveloping the message to be sent with the header. Several protocols
such as HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) operate on this layer. POP3 allows
you to download email messages on your local computer and read them even when you are offline.
Transport layer:-Application layer passes the message to the Transport layer which appends the information about
the source and destination ports of the processes at two ends. Two end-to-end protocols operate at this layer,
namely TCP and UDP. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a reliable connection-oriented protocol needed when
timely and error free delivery of data is important. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an unreliable connectionless
protocol for short messages and client server request-reply messages, where immediate response is more important
rather than assured delivery. Transport protocol is used for streaming video. Further, the transport layer divides the
message into a number of fragments, called segments, each segment will carry the sequence number denoting its
relative position in the message, so that the message can be assembled at the receiver end.
Internet Layer:-Transport layer hands over the segments to the Internet layer which adds source and destination
machine network address (also termed IP address). In the Internet layer, Internet Protocol (IP) is used. IP defines the
format of packets exchanged over the Internet.
Link layer is also called Host to Internet layer. This layer is responsible for adding the header containing the sender
and receiver physical address to the packet received from the Internet layer.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is the function of a switch in a network?
A) To connect devices within the same network
B) To route data between different networks
C) To convert digital signals to analog
D) To amplify network signals
2. Which network topology is characterized by having no central point of connection, with each device connected
directly to every other device?
A) Star
B) Mesh
C) Bus
D) Ring
3. Which device is responsible for segmenting a network into multiple broadcast domains?
A) Hub
B) Router
C) Switch
D) Bridge
4. What is the main advantage of a star topology over a bus topology?
A) Lower cabling cost
B) More resistant to network failures
C) Easier to implement in large networks
D) Higher data transmission speed
5. Which network device is used to divide a single network into multiple subnets?
A) Hub
B) Switch
C) Router
D) Bridge
SHORT ANSWERS
1. What is the significance of cyber law?
2. State Difference between Ring and Bus Topology.
3. State Difference between LAN and WAN.
4. Differentiate between firewall and antivirus. How both contribute to the security of the system?
5. List various protective measures that can be taken for network security.
Solved CBQ
1. You are the network supervisor of your office. Which strategies you would implement to save the devices from
cyber-attacks and why?
Ans: Use of Firewall is required here as a firewall aims at protecting the internal network of an organization,
home, or individual from malicious traffic from external networks. a router or a computer (often dedicated to
serve as a firewall) may be installed between external network and internal network for this purpose.
UnSolved CBQ
1. What is the difference between Email and Chat?
2. What is a session? What is session cookies?
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