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Arduino Basics 250618 133213

The document provides an overview of Arduino programming, covering key concepts such as variables, data types, control structures, functions, and libraries. It includes examples of code for input/output operations, serial communication, and popular libraries for various sensors and devices. Additionally, it suggests practical projects for further learning, such as a traffic light system and a temperature display.

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YOUNES BENZAAMA
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11 views3 pages

Arduino Basics 250618 133213

The document provides an overview of Arduino programming, covering key concepts such as variables, data types, control structures, functions, and libraries. It includes examples of code for input/output operations, serial communication, and popular libraries for various sensors and devices. Additionally, it suggests practical projects for further learning, such as a traffic light system and a temperature display.

Uploaded by

YOUNES BENZAAMA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arduino Programming Basics

From Variables to Libraries

1. What is Arduino?
Arduino is a microcontroller platform that lets you read inputs (buttons, sensors) and control outputs
(LEDs, motors) using a simplified version of C/C++.

2. Variables
Variables store data used in your sketch.

int led = 13;


float temp = 23.5;
bool state = true;
char letter = 'A';
String name = "Ali";

3. Constants
Use constants when the value does not change.

const int BUTTON_PIN = 2;


#define LED_PIN 13

4. Data Types
Type Description Example
int Integer (-32,768 to 32,767) int x = 100;
float Decimal number float f = 2.3;
bool True or false bool b = true;
char Single ASCII character char c = ’A’;
String Sequence of characters String s = ”Hi”;

5. Input/Output Pins

pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // set pin 13 as output


digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn on LED
int val = digitalRead(2); // read digital input

int sensorVal = analogRead(A0); // analog input (0{1023)

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6. Control Structures
If Statement

if (val > 100) {


digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
}

For Loop

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {


Serial.println(i);
}

Switch Statement

switch(mode) {
case 1: doA(); break;
case 2: doB(); break;
}

7. Functions

void blinkLED() {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
delay(500);
}

8. Serial Communication

Serial.begin(9600); // start serial


Serial.println("Hello!"); // print to Serial Monitor

9. Arrays

int leds[] = {3, 5, 6};

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {


digitalWrite(leds[i], HIGH);
delay(200);
}

10. Libraries
Libraries provide prewritten code for sensors, displays, and communication.

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Installing
Use Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries in the Arduino IDE.

Example: DHT Sensor

#include <DHT.h>
DHT dht(2, DHT11);

void setup() {
dht.begin();
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature();
Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print("% Temp: ");
Serial.println(t);
delay(2000);
}

Popular Libraries
• DHT – Temperature and humidity sensors
• Servo – Control servo motors

• Wire – I2C communication


• LiquidCrystal – LCD displays
• SoftwareSerial – Additional serial ports

11. Useful Functions


Function Description
delay(ms) Wait for given milliseconds
millis() Time since program started
map(val, inMin, inMax, outMin, outMax) Map value range
constrain(x, a, b) Limit x between a and b
random(min, max) Generate random number

Next Steps
Try building:
• A traffic light system
• A temperature display with LCD
• Servo-controlled robotic arm

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