GRAMMAR: TO-INFINITIVE & GERUND

1. S (noun) + Linking Verb + Adjective

Linking verbs: appear, occur, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, remain, stay, keep, find, lie, hold,
prove, turn out, be, become, run, go, come, fall, grow, turn, get.

She sounded great on the phone.

The weather became warmer.
Pollution from cars has become a major problem.
Please hurry up! Time is running short.
The reports remain to be filed.
It remains to be seen whether you are right.
It remains to be seen whether the operation was successful.

appear əˈpɪə(r) lie laɪ

occur əˈkɜː(r) hold həʊld
seem siːm prove pruːv
look lʊk
feel fiːl be be
smell smel become bɪˈkʌm
sound saʊnd run rʌn
taste teɪst go ɡəʊ
remain rɪˈmeɪn fall fɔːl
stay steɪ come kʌm
keep kiːp grow ɡrəʊ
find faɪnd turn tɜːn
turn out to happen in get ɡet
a particular
way
If the day turns out wet, we may have to change our plans.

2. V + Object + Noun

Verbs: appoint, call, select, consider

They appointed him chairman.

People called him a liar.

appoint əˈpɔɪnt select sɪˈlekt

call kɔːl consider kənˈsɪdə(r)
3. V + Object + Adjective

Verbs: drive, paint, keep, find, make

The heater will keep the room warm.

The manager made the workers nervous.
drive draɪv keep kiːp
paint peɪnt find faɪnd

1
 make meɪk

4. V + Object (noun) + bare infinitive

Verbs: make, let, have, help, hear, see, watch, notice

Peter made his son clean his room.

My father lets me drive his car.
I had the mechanic repair the car.
I help Carol carry all the bags

5. V + Object (noun) + to infinitive

Verbs: want, need, expect, invite, ask, encourage, persuade, convince, cause, require, request, force,
compel, get, tell, allow, permit, enable, forbid, remind, warn, advise, instruct, urge…

want wɒnt cause kɔːz

need niːd require rɪˈkwaɪə(r)
expect ɪkˈspekt request rɪˈkwest
invite ɪnˈvaɪt force fɔːs
ask ɑːsk compel kəmˈpel
encourage ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ get ɡet
persuade pəˈsweɪd tell tel
convince kənˈvɪns allow əˈlaʊ
forbid fəˈbɪd permit pəˈmɪt
remind rɪˈmaɪnd enable ɪˈneɪbl
warn wɔːn advise ədˈvaɪz
urge ɜːdʒ instruct ɪnˈstrʌkt
John allowed us to go home early.
The new regulation enabled the company to go ahead with its projects
The students got the teacher to dismiss class early.
Their commitment to qualify enabled the company to win the contract.

6. V + Object (noun) + V-ing

Verbs: Catch, find, keep, hear, see, watch, notice

We’re very sorry to have kept you waiting.

I watch the kids playing football.
I catch her glancing at me.

7. V + Object (noun) V-ed (p2)

Verbs: get, have, keep, hear, make

2
I had/ got the car repaired by the mechanic
I hear my name repeated
Please keep us informed of your problems with our products

8. V + direct object + preposition + indirect object

give/bring/send/show/tell/teach/write SOMETHING to SOMEBODY

give/bring/send/show/tell/teach/write SOMEBODY SOMETHING

Choose/get/find/leave/make/provide SOMETHING for SOMEBODY

Ask/beg/require SOMETHING of SOMEBODY

My father gave a book to me for my birthday present.

I will buy a book for you.
John made a bookcase for Jennifer.
I asked advice of my teacher.
John asked a question of Jennifer.

9. Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs

Intransitive verb + preposition + object Transitive verb + object

Speak to a group Mention his absence
Talk to your customer Discuss the issue
Talk about the problem Instruct me to hire a lawyer
Come to a discussion Explain the contract
Reply to letters Answer the question
React to the updated version Approve the request
Respond to a question Oppose the new system
Agree with/to/on their sales policy
Object to the plan

Speak spiːk Mention ˈmenʃn

Talk tɔːk Discuss dɪˈskʌs
Come kʌm Instruct ɪnˈstrʌkt
Reply rɪˈplaɪ Explain ɪkˈspleɪn
React riˈækt Answer ˈɑːnsə(r)
Respond rɪˈspɒnd Oppose əˈpəʊz
Agree əˈɡriː Approve əˈpruːv
Object ˈɒbdʒɪkt
ˈɑːbdʒekt
We have to discuss about the sudden decrease in export sales of this month.

Transitive verbs (structure 3) + object (that- Transitive verbs (structure 4) object 1 + object 2
clause)
Say/mention/announce (to me) that Tell/ inform/ notify me that
Suggest/propose/ recommend (to me) that Advise me that

3
Explain/describe (to me) that Assure/ convince me that
The supplier said the purchaser that they had new stock

Say seɪ Tell tel

Mention ˈmenʃn Inform ɪnˈfɔːm
Announce əˈnaʊns Notify ˈnəʊtɪfaɪ
Suggest səˈdʒest Advise ədˈvaɪz
Propose prəˈpəʊz Assure əˈʃʊə(r)
Recommend ˌrekəˈmend Convince kənˈvɪns
Explain ɪkˈspleɪn Oppose əˈpəʊz
Describe dɪˈskraɪb Approve əˈpruːv

10. Verb bare infinitive in THAT-clauses

verbs Suggest, propose, recommend, request, ask, require, demand, insist, command, order
adjective Imperative, essential, necessary, important,
noun Advice
My advice is that she takes more classes in business communications.
The hotel manager requests that any meetings are held in the conference room.
It is essential that the process is completed in a timely fashion.

11. Verb A as B

Active voice Passive voice

Regard A as B A be regarded as B
Think of A as B A be thought of as B
Consider A as B A be considered as B
Look upon A as B A be looked upon as B
Refer to A as B A be referred to as B
Define A as B A be defined as B
Cite A as B A be cited as B
Take A as B A be taken as B
Speak of A as B A be spoken of as B
Designate A as B A be designated as B

Regard rɪˈɡɑːd Define dɪˈfaɪn

Think θɪŋk Cite saɪt
Consider kənˈsɪdə(r) Take teɪk
Look lʊk Speak spiːk
Refer rɪˈfɜː(r) Designate ˈdezɪɡneɪt

He regards himself as a patriot

John refers to Mr. Jackson as his idol

4
 12. Structure with THERE

A. There + be + subject

There is a book on the table

B. There + intransitive verb + subject

There still remains a group of unemployed whom the unions do not help.

13. Verb to Verb

ask ɑːsk He asked to come with us promise ˈprɒmɪs I promised not to be late
agree əˈɡriː They agreed to help us expect ɪkˈspekt I expect to enter graduate school in
the fall
care keə(r) I don’t care to see that movie refuse rɪˈfjuːz I refuse to believe his story
hope həʊp I hope to see you fail feɪl She failed to return the book to the
library on time
learn lɜːn He learned to play the piano Struggle ˈstrʌɡl I struggled to stay awake
prepare prɪ We prepared to welcome them hesitate ˈhezɪteɪt Don hesitate to ask for my help
ˈpeə(r)
manage ˈmænɪdʒ She managed to finish her work Decide dɪˈsaɪd I have decided to leave on Monday
early
deserve dɪˈzɜːv She deserved to win the prize plan plæn I am planning to have a party
want wɒnt I want to tell you something arrange əˈreɪndʒ I’ll arrange to meet you at the airport

Other verbs + to infinitive

Afford to əˈfɔːd Need to niːd Propose to prəˈpəʊz
Aim to eɪm Offer to ˈɒfə(r) Pretend to prɪˈtend
Hope to həʊp Prefer to prɪˈfɜː(r) Wish to wɪʃ
Remain to rɪˈmeɪn Seem to siːm Appear to əˈpɪə(r)

14. Noun + TO do

Time to do taɪm It’s time to eat dinner Permission to do pəˈmɪʃn She has permission to carry
pepper spray
Right to do raɪt We have a right to bear Opportunity to do ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti He waited for an
arms opportunity to speak
Decision to do dɪˈsɪʒn They made a decision to Ability to do əˈbɪləti I envy your ability to work
wait so fast

Other Nouns +
To do
Readiness to do ˈredinəs Need to niːd Authority to do ɔːˈθɒrəti
Effort/ attempt ˈefət ə Capacity to do kəˈpæsəti Chance to do tʃɑːns
to do ˈtempt Plan to do plæn Wish to do wɪʃ

5
 Way to do weɪ Willingness to do ˈwɪlɪŋnəs
15. Adjective to do

Be able to do ˈeɪbl I will be able to overcome Be likely to do ˈlaɪkli It is likely to rain

my present problems
Be glad to do ɡlæd I was glad to learn about Be eager to do ˈiːɡə(r) I am eager to learn how to
mathematics drive a car
Be unable to ʌn He is still unable to Be easy to do ˈiːzi It is not easy to forecast the
do ˈeɪbl express himself in English weather
Be willing to ˈwɪlɪŋ He was willing to take the Be reluctant to do rɪ I am reluctant to help him
do responsibility ˈlʌktənt
Be liable to do ˈlaɪəbl Children are more liable to Be sorry to do ˈsɒri We were sorry to hear the bad
get an infection news
Other structures: Adjective + TO DO something
Be anxious to do ˈæŋkʃəs Be good to do ɡʊd
Be difficult to do ˈdɪfɪkəlt Be happy to do ˈhæpi
pliːzd Be delighted to do dɪˈlaɪtɪd
Be pleased to do

16. It is ADJECTIVE for somebody TO DO something

It + be + difficult/ possible/ necessary/ easy/ important/ natural/ impossible + for object + to infinitive

It is necessary for us to take measures to deal with the new situation.

difficult ˈdɪfɪkəlt important ɪmˈpɔːtnt

possible ˈpɒsəbl natural ˈnætʃrəl
necessary ˈnesəsəri impossible ɪmˈpɒsəbl
easy ˈiːzi
17. Verbs + V-ing

Theo sau bởi “”V-ing””: admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, confess, consider, deny,
delay, detest, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, involve, justify, keep
on, leave off, mention, mind, miss, permit, postpone, quit, recommend, resent, resist, resume, risk, save,
tolerate, suggest, recollect, stop, pardon, can’t resist, can’t stand, can’t help, understand

He avoided answering my question.

I will consider going with you.
He discontinued speaking.
We enjoyed visiting them.
I keep hoping he will come.
She finished studying about tense.
She recommended seeing the show.
Let’s postpone leaving until tomorrow.
The athlete practiced throwing the ball.
She suggested going to a movie.

6
I dislike driving long distances.
Would you mind taking a picture with me?.

admit ədˈmɪt finish ˈfɪnɪʃ

advise ədˈvaɪz give up
allow əˈlaʊ imagine ɪˈmædʒɪn
anticipate ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt involve ɪnˈvɒlv
avoid əˈvɔɪd justify ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ
confess kənˈfes keep on
consider kənˈsɪdə(r) leave off
deny dɪˈnaɪ mention ˈmenʃn
delay dɪˈleɪ mind maɪnd
detest dɪˈtest miss mɪs
dislike dɪsˈlaɪk permit pəˈmɪt
enjoy ɪnˈdʒɔɪ postpone pəˈspəʊn
poʊˈspoʊn
escape ɪˈskeɪp quit kwɪt
excuse ɪkˈskjuːs recommend ˌrekəˈmend
face feɪs resist rɪˈzɪst
fancy ˈfænsi can’t resist
understand ˌʌndəˈstænd can’t stand
pardon ˈpɑːdn can’t help
recollect ˌrekəˈlekt risk rɪsk
suggest səˈdʒest resume rɪˈzjuːm
tolerate ˈtɒləreɪt save seɪv
18. Common Expressions with Gerunds

Go V-ing Be busy (in) +V-ing

On V-ing Be worth V-ing
It’s no use V-ing Keep (on) V-ing
Spend + time/money/energy +V-ing Feel like V-ing
Have difficulty/trouble/a problem (in) + V-ing Cannot help V-ing
We will be busy editing this article.
The company will have trouble carrying out its plans.

Contribute to V-ing Be committed to V-ing

Look forward to V-ing Be dedicated to V-ing
Object to V-ing Be devoted to V-ing
Lead to V-ing Be used to V-ing

Contribute kənˈtrɪbjuːt commit kəˈmɪt

Object ˈɒbdʒɪkt dedicate ˈdedɪkeɪt
ˈɑːbdʒekt
Lead liːd devote dɪˈvəʊt
Look forward lʊk ˈfɔːwəd

7
I look forward to joining your company
The company is committed to providing the best possible service.

19. Những động từ theo sau gồm cả“”to verb”” & “”V-ing””:
advise, attempt, commence, begin, allow, cease, continue, dread, forget, hate, intend, leave, like, love,
mean, permit, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, study, try, can’t bear, recommend, need, want,
require.
Đa số những động từ trên khi theo sau la “”to verb”” hoặc “”V-ing”” sẽ có nghĩa khác nhau.”

Những động từ theo sau bởi cả “to V”, “V-ing” hoặc “V(bare)”
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Try to do st cố gắng làm gì
Try doing st thử làm gì
2 Remember to do st nhớ phải làm gì
Remember doing st nhớ đã làm gì
3 Forget to do st quên phải làm gì
Forget doing st quên đã làm gì
4 Advise sb to do st khuyên ai đó làm gì
Advise doing st khuyên làm gì
5 Allow/permit sb to do st cho phép ai đó làm gì
Allow/permit doing st cho phép làm gì
6 Recommend sb to do st khuyên bảo/dặn/đề nghị ai đó làm gì
Recommend doing st khuyên bảo/dặn/đề nghị làm gì
7 Encourage sb to do st khuyến khích ai đó làm gì
Encourage doing st khuyến khích làm gì
8 Mean to do st dự định làm gì
Mean doing st có nghĩa là
9 Regret to do st rất lấy làm tiếc khi phải làm gì
Regret doing st hối tiếc vì đã làm gì
10 Go on to do st tiếp tục làm điều gì sau khi hoàn tất một
Go on doing st công việc
chỉ sự liên tục của hành động
11 V(tri giác) + 0 + V(bare) khi chứng kiến toàn bộ sự việc
Ving khi chứng kiến một phần sự việc
12 Stop to do st dừng lại để làm gì
Stop doing st dừng hẳn làm gì
13 Need to do st cần phải làm gì
Need doing st cần phải được làm
14 Help sb do/to do st giúp ai đó làm gì
15 Have sb do st = get sb to do st nhờ ai đó làm gì
Have/get st done có cái gì được làm bởi ai
16 Used to do st thường làm gì trong quá khứ
Be/get used to doing st thường làm gì ở hiện tại
8
9
1. The chief of Security…………to us that we should take the highest precautions to ensure no
information was leaked to the press.

A. informed C. convinced
B. notified D. mentioned

2. The council………..the director that continued support of the Baker project might result in financial
loss.

A. advised C. explained
B. recommended D. announced

3. My stockbroker……….me about a safe investment plan that would secure my financial future.

A. gave C. told
B. suggested D. recommended

4. The Trattoria Restaurant requests that patrons……..reservations for a table at least two weeks ahead of
time.

A. makes C. made
B. make D. making

5. The manufacturer insists that the defective air bags………replaced in spite of the high cost of recalling
thousands of affected cars.

A. are C. have
B. be D. has

6. Due to the urgency of this matter, it is imperative that Mr. Lambert………..one of our customer
representatives by 5 p.m.

A. is contacting C. will contact

B. contact D. contacted

7. ………are many restaurants in the area to choose from that offer take-out services.

A. it C. she
B. they D. there

8. The manager wanted to………..to each employee about the new direction the company was taking.

A. say C. tell
B. speak D. express

10
9. At the monthly meeting, senior management officials discussed new ways to keep employees…………
to do their best.

A. have inspiration C. be inspired

B. inspiring D. inspired

10. The manager will have his assistant………….the minutes of the annual meeting before making them
available to the press.

A. transcribe C. transcribed
B. be transcribing D. to be transcribed

11. The grocery store gave out several samples of frozen foods to keep customers……….

A. satisfaction C. satisfy
B. satisfyingly D. satisfied

12. Please …………the enclosed survey, sign and date it, and mail it to us as soon as possible in the
envelope provided.

A. to complete C. complete
B. completing D. completed

13. While no one can………the future, it seems obvious that Europeans will soon confront a greatly
different economic landscape.

A. predicts C. predict
B. predicted D. predicting

14. The president has decided not to let the recent problems with foreign sales…………the company’s
long-term export plans.

A. have affected C. to affect

B. affect D. affecting

15. The result of the new marketing and promotional campaign remains……….seen, but the sales figures
are encouraging.

A. being C. have been

B. been D. to be

16. An outstanding tenor and a captivating plot made last night’s opera at the Carnegie Hall very……….

A. exciting C. excitable
B. excitedly D. excitement
11
17. The health club management keeps customers……………..by providing quality service and
discounted memberships on a monthly basis.

A. satisfaction C. satisfy
B. satisfyingly D. satisfied

18. Customer complaints have become much more………..since we installed the automatic messaging
system that filters calls.

A. managing C. manage
B. manageable D. management

19. The fee must…………..with two days if you do not wish to forfeit your reservation.

A. be paying C. be paid
B. to pay D. have paid

20. While Harman’s used to………. imported furniture, it is now sticking to local products to avoid the
hassles of customs.

A. have sold C. sold

B. sell D. selling

21. It is essential that no unauthorized persons…………….into the building once it has been locked by
the security personnel.

A. admitted C. admit
B. be admitted D. admittance

22. Until recently, the Family Entertainment Arcade located in the mall……….not generating the revenue
its owners expected.

A. is C. was
B. has D. being

23. Financial advisers suggest that setting aside cash for emergencies………….it easier for the first-time
investor to recover from losses.

A. makes C. be made
B. make D. made

24. Because the positions need to be filled immediately, applications for the positions indicated
below…………..be received or postmarked no later than March 21.
12
A. might C. ought
B. need D. must

25. The notice on the community bulletin board requested that the pure……….to its owner and stated that
a small reward would be given.

A. returns C. returning
B. be returned D. to return

26. The two leading construction firms have indicated their…………..in bidding for the Swanson
Tenement Project.

A. interested C. interesting
B. interest D. interests

27. At the meeting, we will………..about the problem concerning the misuse of company telephones and
fax machines.

A. object C. oppose
B. talk D. discuss

28. Once all the proposals have been submitted, we will………..which company is best suite for the new
construction project.

A. determination C. determines
B. determined D. determine

29. Your team will need to meet and prepare a timetable when you…………….ready to begin work on
the new project.

A. be C. are
B. have D. will be

30. The canned chicken soup manufacturer insists that all the cans……………., regardless of losses to the
company.

A. recall C. recalling
B. be recalled D. are recalled

31. The director…………..not agree with the company president, as he believes that the word processing
software market is already glutted.

A. is C. was
B. did D. has

13
32. A test was given to the applicants to eliminate those who did not……………the basic knowledge
requirements for the job.

A. meet C. meeting
B. be met D. to meet

33. The final report should…………on the more recent findings rather than on the data collected a few
months ago.

A. base C. based
B. be based D. to be based

34. Because of the sudden collapse of the firm, hundreds of people…………..themselves without a job.

A. are found C. finding

B. be found D. found

35. Faced with a huge decrease in sales, the company……………half of its employees and closed down
two factories.

A. dismiss C. dismissal
B. dismissed D. was dismissed

36. The stockroom manager………….the window display designer that the fall display would have to
wait because of a delay with the shipment.

A. explained C. informed
B. announced D. proposed

37. Only after one of the employees expressed concern did they…………….investigating harassment
claims against the supervisor.

A. started C. starting
B. starts D. start

38. As there are so many calls for computer system repairs, the company technician has………….his
supervisor to hire additional workers.

A. ask C. asking
B. asked D. been asked

New Drug Said to Knock Out Stress

With PharmaNext currently holding a monopoly on work-related stress-relieving drugs, MediComp has
14
unveiled their new product in an attempt to control the market. According to a company spokesperson,
Stress-Out TM will……………in treating stress
39.
A. aid C. to aid
B. aiding D. aided
caused by illnesses and pains, and also provide a balanced mix of multi-vitamins to improve one’s
immune system. Having received certification from the federal drug administration, MediComp
has………..a few companies with free trial samples of the drug.
40.
A. supply C. supplier
B. supplying D. supplied
Studies showed that employee………..improved after only two weeks and employees
41.
A. creation C. productivity
B. execution D. abundance
stated that they felt healthier and more energetic. The drug is said to be made of a hundred percent
organic, herbal ingredients and will not cause any side effects. It will be readily available at all major
pharmacies by next month.

42. The firm temporarily closed one of its branch offices…………operating expenses.

A. will reduce C. reduces

B. reduced D. to reduce

43. The purpose of the program is…………museum staff with the know-how and feedback to set
priorities and identify areas for change.

A. provide C. provided
B. provision D. to provide

44. The Dodwood Company is pleased……………..that you can now purchase seeds and all your
gardening needs directly from their website.

A. to announce C. announcement
B. announced D. be announcing

45. The training program offered by the company can help………….your future work options.

A. broad C. broaden
B. broader D. broadly

46. The general manager will have his assistant…………the proceedings of the meeting and prepare a
report for senior management.

A. transcribe C. to be transcribed

15
B. be transcribing D. transcribed

47. Employees who want to do volunteer work sponsored by the company are to let their
supervisors…………before the end of the week.

A. know C. to know
B. known D. knowing

48. Having failed…………..a consensus, the manager asked that the decision be postponed.

A. creating C. created
B. to creating D. to create

49. Please take time…………the names of this invitation list and feel free to add anyone whom we might
have missed.

A. review C. be reviewed
B. to review D. reviewing

50. The CEO believes that the staff will be able…………….on the Albers Project once the staff
evaluations are completed.

A. concentrate C. concentrating
B. to concentration D. to concentrate

51. Mr. Coulter designated a room for archive storage in order………..the loss or damage of important
documents.

A. to curtail C. to be curtailed
B. curtailed D. curtailment

52. Customers who need………….lengthy documents over the Internet should have their network
connection configured to optimize large data transfers.

A. receive C. to receive
B. receiving D. reception

53. It was important…………the presentation before giving it to the over two hundred business school
graduates in the audience.

A. rehearse C. rehearsal
B. to rehearse D. rehearsed

16
54. The problem is that nobody in the office has the authority……………make a decision regarding her
employment status.

A. for C. with
B. to D. as

55. Mr. Rosenberg had his secretary…………..out copies of the agenda to each of the members of the
Board of Directors.

A. is mailing C. mail
B. mailed D. to mail

56. Some customers prefer…………a minimum balance in their checking accounts rather than pay
monthly fees.

A. to maintain C. is maintaining
B. maintained D. maintain

57. How the public will react to the soft drink’s new formula remains………seen.

A. to be C. being
B. have been D. been

58. Customer complaints show that there may be a need for Net Manage………….the present quality
assurance and monitoring system.

A. enhance C. to enhance
B. enhancing D. to enhancing

59. The building owner has policy of letting lessees…………….to unoccupied units if they are
dissatisfied with their present unit.

A. to move C. be moving
B. move D. to be moved

60. As a still-life photographer, Mr. Bryant aims to……….a particular mood when he snaps the shutter.

A. capture C. captured
B. capturing D. have captured

61. We called the mall…………..out whether the products were sold out.

A. finding C. for finding

B. to find D. find

17
62. The candidate promised to………………prescription drug prices by as much as 30 percent if voted
into office.

A. low C. lower
B. lowering D. having lowered

63. It is necessary………….all factory employees to sign out the tools they use and return them at the end
of the workday.

A. for C. further
B. because D. these

64. If a client is not utterly satisfied with an ad campaign, we will return to the drawing board……..again.

A. starting C. for starting

B. to start D. start

65. ……..regular donations to local charities from business profits is not only personally rewarding, but is
good for developing a reputation.

A. give C. gives
B. giving D. given

66. Department heads distributed a memo reminding employees to refrain from……..their cell phones
during company meetings.

A. to use C. using
B. uses D. use

67. The chef obtains interesting and different results with this dish by………..the ingredients he uses in
the recipe.

A. vary C. varying
B. varied D. varies

68. Three people from the research department have been asked to investigate ways………….non-taxable
imported goods into the country.

A. bring C. of bring
B. to bring D. bringing

69. With the prices of natural gas and other energy sources increasing, utility companies are now
encouraging people…….energy.

A. conserve C. conserved
18
B. to conserve D. for conserving

70. All the employees are ready…………the new project.

A. implementing C. to implement
B. implement D. implemented

71. For further help………the program, please refer to the instructions on our website or e-mail us with
your specific question.

A. install C. to install
B. installed D. be installed

72. The projects committee advised the proposal writer……….to the project beneficiaries in order to
determine their real needs.

A. talk C. talking
B. talked D. to talk

73. Several new waiters and salespeople were hired…………the influx of customers during the long
holiday season.

A. to handle C. handling
B. to be handling D. to be handled

74. The small appliance manufacture has recently begun……….into the consumer electronics industry.

A. expand C. expanded
B. expanding D. has expanded
75. It would be wise of you to consider…………..with your firm, as the job market is tough right now.

A. renegotiate C. renegotiated
B. to renegotiate D. renegotiating

76. Do not forget…………..the application form before submitting it to Ms. Radowick at the front desk.

A. signing C. sign
B. to sign D. signed

77. The team met for three hours to discuss strategies for…………the midmarket needs of small to
medium-sized businesses.

A. address C. to address
B. addressing D. addressed

19
78. Mr. Gray looks forward to………….out more about investment opportunities with your growing
company.

A. find C. finding
B. have found D. be found

79. The overseas branches have had many difficulties in…….the main branch’s system to their local
operations.

A. adapt C. adapts
B. adapted D. adapting

80. Although the employees are satisfied with the training program, they object to………….to travel an
hour each way to get to the training centre and back.

A. have C. has
B. had D. having

81. Age-related changes can contribute to one’s having problems……….. soundly.

A. sleep C. sleeps
B. slept D. sleeping

82. The government’s report found that CIZMO Group had failed to take the necessary steps
in………..the building’s cash vault.

A. secured C. was secured

B. securing D. has secured

83. Despite………….more employees for the factory, the production manager still believes the facility is
understaffed.

A. hired C. have hired

B. having hired D. were hired

84. Because demand for sharp-toed boots has been decreasing, Martinique Shoemakers has decided to
discontinue………this particular style.

A. made C. making
B. make D. to make

85. The department is committed to…………customers with a satisfactory resolution to their complaints.

A. provision C. providing
B. provides D. provided
20
86. Please indicate your desire to renew your membership with our club within ten days of………this
notice.

A. received C. receipt
B. receive D. receiving

87. The factory supervisor…….equipment and machinery through a second-hand dealer who sells slightly
used items at bargain prices.

A. to purchase C. purchase
B. purchasing D. purchases

88. The cosmetics division is considering……….a product line for me, which will probably include facial
creams and concealers.

A. introduce C. introducing
B. to introduce D. introduced

89. The managers involved with the negotiations are pleased with the progress of the talks and believe
that they will reach a mutually beneficial…………

A. to conclude C. concluding
B. concluded D. conclusion

90. The recent cuts in budget appropriations were aimed at…………the company’s year-end deficit.

A. reduce C. reduced
B. reducing D. reduction

91. Shopping websites can continue to…………. shoppers by ensuring product quality, offering low
prices, and being user-friendly.

A. attractive C. attract
B. attracting D. attraction

92. Rather than go………at the local super-markets, residents of the town are urged to buy products
straight from the farms.

A. to shop C. shopping
B. for shopping D. to shopping

93. ……..your business card to individuals you meet will allow you to advertise your business in an
inexpensive and effective way.
21
A. hand C. hands
B. handed D. handing

94. I am calling to get some information on……………the 15th International Symposium on Mobile
Radio Communication in September.

A. to attend C. attending
B. attended D. attendance

95. A demonstration of the most recent PDA model will……….place in the conference room on the third
floor before it goes on sale.

A. take C. be taken
B. be taking D. have taken

96. By May, the weather should become warm enough to permit…………in the cellar or basement for
longer periods of time.

A. stay C. to stay
B. staying D. stayed
97. …….the difficult bar exam, he spent most of his waking moments reading reference materials at the
library.

A. for passing C. to pass

B. by passing D. on passing

98. The promotion advisor, Mr. Dorsey, enjoys………..with potential clients during the open house days
held once a month.

A. talk C. talked
B. talking D. to talk

99. City developers will begin…………the parking lot into a luxury shopping center after the summer
ends.

A. convert C. converting
B. to converting D. converted

100. In………an atmosphere conductive to studying, the library has painted the walls a color that is easy
on the eyes of the students.

A. establish C. establishing
B. established D. establishment

22
Date: February 10
From: tharris@comdev.com
To: ebryant@comdev.com
Subject: News on Thai branch
I have just arrived at headquarters following my visit to our new office in Thailand. The branch has
conducted training for management and staff, focusing on new customer service and project
implementation.
However, the office……….communication problems between its foreign staff and local managers.
101. A. had experienced C. will experience
B. experienced D. is experiencing
The problem does not involve language; rather, it has to do with cultural differences in work style. I
recommend…….our training program to include sessions that would make employee relocation run more
smoothly.
102. A. upgrade C. upgrading
B. to upgrade D. upgraded

These sessions would………to improving relations between local and international employees.
103. A. prohibit C. contribute
B. develop D. increase
I have attached a report with further information and would like to know your thoughts regarding the Thai
office when you have time.

Edward Mitchell
1505 Main Street
Fairfax, VA 20151
Dear Mr. Mitchell,
I am pleased……..your application for full-time employment as a marketing manager for the
104. A. confirm C. confirming
B. be confirmed D. to confirm
Bloom & Bloom Accounting Group was accepted. We are…………that your knowledge, skills and
105. A. confide C. confident
B. to confide D. confidence
experience will be valuable to our firm. You will report directly to Mr. Sanders, who will instruct you of
your specific responsibilities during your probation period. If you have any questions regarding our offer,
please contact us………..Otherwise, please sign every page of the enclosed contract
106. A. similarly C. favorably
B. immediately D. basically
and return it to us by business-reply envelope on or before January 20. Thank you, and we look forward
to seeing you at the orientation on January 23 at 9:00 a.m.
23
Sincerely yours
Melissa Hayes
Human Resources Department.

PRACTICE

Choose a correct option for each sentence.

01. Crystal will gladly (accept/ acceptance) her boss’ offer of a promotion and a raise.

02. It is important that the city (receive/receives) state funds for its budget.

03. The famous author was asked to (speak/ mention) to Harvard’s graduating finance majors about the
meaning of success.

04. Should you (be/are) unable to attend, have my secretary send you the minutes from the meeting.

05. Jessie (would like/ was liked) the opportunity to serve on the committee for international diplomacy.

06. Despite the financial benefits, most people in the community (oppose/ object) the construction of a
chemical plant.

07. The commentator failed to (mention/ notify) to us that the source for the story was unreliable.

08. The company made the associate (proud/ proudly) by electing him as vice president.

09. James asked his broker to keep him (inform/ informed) about developments in the market.

10. The CEO will be happy (win/ to win) a vote of confidence from the board.

11. It is possible to (custom/ customize) this program if it does not suit you.

12. The ability (type/ to type) quickly and accurately is a valuable skill.

13. Darren let problems is his personal life (to influence/ influence) his performance at work.

14. Your presence at the administrative office is required for the wage claim (proceed/ to proceed).

15. Sonia arranged to have the package (deliver/ delivered) to the office overnight.

16. Your suggestion will enable us (improving/ to improve) the quality of our products.

Decide whether each of the sentences below is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write “correct”;
if it is incorrect, point out the mistake(s) and provide (a) correction(s).

10. You had better turned in those evaluations before you put in a request for time off.

11. Kate has apply for some vacation time for this coming August.

12. It is imperative that you will submit all reports in a timely fashion.

13. A ceremony will held in honor of Mrs. Stansfield’s many accomplishments.

24
14. Only on Saturday afternoons does the clinic accepts walk-in patients.

15. She is compile the documents and should have them already for you shortly.

16. It is essential that we to remain aware of our competitor’s activities.

17. The employee had no right signing for the shipment brought to the office Saturday.

18. The accountants want to be warned when the IRS is coming to visit.

19. The head office must send the approval slip for Mr. Reynolds start working with us.

20. The manager will have a study do by research department.

21. If you want to keep your job, you’d better be willing put in more effort.

22. If you don’t have time today, get the assistant to bring the files over to management.

23. There are different ways attract business to areas where unemployment is high.

25
 ANSWERS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D A C B B B D B D A
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D C C B D A D B C D
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C B D B D B D C B
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B A A D B C D B A D
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
C D D A C A A D B B
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
A C B B C A A C B A
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
B C A B B C C B B C
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
A D A B D B B C D D
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
D B B C C D D C D B
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
C C D C D B C B C C
101 102 103 104 105 106
D C C D C B

Precaution (n) prɪˈkɔːʃn Sự phòng ngừa Ensure = insure (v) ɪnˈʃʊə(r) Đảm bảo
Press (n) pres Báo chí Leak (v) liːk Rò rỉ
Council (n) ˈkaʊnsl Hội đồng Inform (v) ɪnˈfɔːm Thông báo
Support (n) səˈpɔːt Sự hỗ trợ Notify (v) ˈnəʊtɪfaɪ Thông báo
Loss (n) lɒs Sự mất mát Convince (v) kənˈvɪns Thuyết phục
Stockbroker (n) ˈstɒkbrəʊkə(r) Người mua Mention (v) ˈmenʃn Đề cập
bán cổ phiếu
Patron (n) ˈpeɪtrən Khách hàng Advise (v) ədˈvaɪz Khuyên bảo
Reservation (n) ˌrezəˈveɪʃn Sự đặt hàng Recommend (v) ˌrekəˈmend Gợi ý, đề xuất
Manufacturer (n) ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə(r) Nhà sản xuất Explain (v) ɪkˈspleɪn Giải thích
Urgency (n) ɜːdʒənsi Sự khẩn cấp Announce (v) əˈnaʊns Thông báo
Representative (n) ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv Người đại diện Suggest (v) səˈdʒest Gợi ý, đề xuất
Direction (n) dəˈrekʃn/ daɪˈrekʃn Sự định hướng Insist (v) ɪnˈsɪst Yêu cầu
Inspiration (n) ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn Sự truyền cảm Contact (v) ˈkɒntækt Liên lạc
hứng
Sample (n) ˈsɑːmpl Vật mẫu Inspire (v) ɪnˈspaɪə(r) Truyền cảm hứng
ˈsæmpl
Satisfaction (n) ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn Sự thỏa mãn Frozen (adj) ˈfrəʊzn Đông lạnh
Survey (n) ˈsɜːveɪ Khảo sát Satisfy (v) ˈsætɪsfaɪ Làm thỏa mãn
Envelope (n) ˈenvələʊp Phong bì Complete (v) kəmˈpliːt Hoàn thành

26
Landscape (n) ˈlændskeɪp Phong cảnh Predict (v) prɪˈdɪkt Dự đoán
Export (n) ɪkˈspɔːt Xuất khẩu Confront (v) kənˈfrʌnt Đối mặt
Campaign (n) kæmˈpeɪn Chiến dịch Decide (v) dɪˈsaɪd Quyết định
Figure (n) ˈfɪɡə(r) Con số Affect (v) əˈfekt ảnh hưởng
Tenor (n) ˈtenə(r) Kỳ hạn Captivate (v) ˈkæptɪveɪt Làm say đắm
Membership (n) ˈmembəʃɪp Quyền thành Forfeit (v) ˈfɔːfɪt
viên
Complaint (n) kəmˈpleɪnt Lời phàn nàn Admit (v) ədˈmɪt Thừa nhận
Furniture (n) ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r) Nội thất Oppose (v) əˈpəʊz Phản đối
Revenue (n) ˈrevənjuː Doanh thu Determine (v) dɪˈtɜːmɪn Xác định
Adviser (n) ədˈvaɪzə(r) Người tư vấn Discuss (v) dɪˈskʌs Thảo luận
Emergency (n) iˈmɜːdʒənsi Sự khẩn cấp
Position (n) pəˈzɪʃn Vị trí Prepare (v) prɪˈpeə(r) Chuẩn bị
Community (n) kəˈmjuːnəti Cộng đồng Dismiss (v) dɪsˈmɪs Giải tán
Notice (n) ˈnəʊtɪs Sự thông báo Glut (v) ɡlʌt Nhồi nhét
Construction (n) kənˈstrʌkʃn Sự xây dựng Control (v) kənˈtrəʊl Kiểm soát
Software (n) ˈsɒftweə(r) Phần mềm Organic (adj) ɔːˈɡænɪk Hữu cơ
Knowledge (n) ˈnɒlɪdʒ Kiến thức Herbal (adj) ˈhɜːbl Thảo mộc
Requirement (n) rɪˈkwaɪəmənt Yêu cầu Reduce (v) rɪˈdjuːs Giảm
Report (n) rɪˈpɔːt Báo cáo Provide (v) prəˈvaɪd Cung cấp
Collapse (n) kəˈlæps Sự sụp đổ Identify (v) aɪˈdentɪfaɪ Phát hiện
Display (n) dɪˈspleɪ Sự trưng bày Purchase (v) ˈpɜːtʃəs Mua hàng
Concern (n) kənˈsɜːn Sự quan tâm Broaden (v) ˈbrɔːdn Mở rộng
Harassment (n) ˈhærəsmənt Sự tấn công Transcribe (v) trænˈskraɪb Phiên âm, chép lại
Claim (n) kleɪm Tuyên bố Sponsor (v) ˈspɒnsə(r) Đỡ đầu, bảo trợ
Technician (n) tekˈnɪʃn Kỹ thuật viên Concentrate (v) ˈkɒnsntreɪt Tập trung
Monopoly (n) məˈnɒpəli Sự độc quyền Curtail (v) kɜːˈteɪl Cắt, rút ngắn
Attempt (n) əˈtempt Sự cố gắng Receive (v) rɪˈsiːv Nhận
Spokesperson (n) ˈspəʊkspɜːsn Người phát React (v) riˈækt Phản ứng
ngôn
Illness (n) ˈɪlnəs ốm yếu Distribute (v) dɪˈstrɪbjuːt Phân bổ
Pain (n) peɪn Đau Reward (v) rɪˈwɔːd Thưởng, đền ơn
Immune system (n) ɪˈmjuːn sɪstəm Hệ miễn dịch Refrain (v) rɪˈfreɪn Kiềm chế, cố nhịn
Certification (n) sɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn Sự chứng thực Obtain (v) əbˈteɪn Đạt được
Ingredient (n) ɪnˈɡriːdiənt Thành phần, Investigate (v) ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt Điều tra
gia vị
Effect (n) ɪˈfekt Sự ảnh hưởng Natural (adj) ˈnætʃrəl Thuộc về tự nhiên
Pharmacy (n) ˈfɑːməsi Hiệu thuốc Conserve (v) kənˈsɜːv Bảo tồn
Branch (n) brɑːntʃ Chi nhánh Encourage (v) ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ Khuyến khích
Operating expenses ˈɒpəreɪtɪŋ ɪkˈspens Chi phí hoạt Implement (v) ˈɪmplɪment Thực hiện
(n) động
Purpose (n) ˈpɜːpəs Mục đích Install (v) ɪnˈstɔːl Cài đặt
Program (n) ˈprəʊɡræm Chương trình Advise (v) ədˈvaɪz Khuyên
Feedback (n) ˈfiːdbæk Sự phản hồi Handle (v) ˈhændl Xử lý
Priority (n) praɪˈɒrəti Sự ưu tiên Expand (v) ɪkˈspænd Mở rộng

27
Seed (n) siːd Hạt Renegotiate (v) rinɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt Đàm phán lại
General manager (n) ˈdʒenrəl Tổng quản lý Tough (adj) tʌf Khắc nghiệt, bền bỉ
ˈmænɪdʒə(r)
Senior management ˈsiːniər Quản lý cấp Opportunity (n) ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti Cơ hội
(n) ˈmænɪdʒmənt cao
Consensus (n) kənˈsensəs Sự đồng tâm Adapt (v) əˈdæpt Thích nghi
Decision (n) dɪˈsɪʒn Quyết định Object (v) ˈɒbdʒɪkt Phản đối, ghét
Invitation (n) ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn Sự mời Discontinue (v) ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjuː Không tiếp tục
Evaluation (n) ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn Sự đánh giá Satisfactory (adj) ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri Vừa ý, thỏa đáng
Storage (n) ˈstɔːrɪdʒ Sự cất giữ, sự Receive (v) rɪˈsiːv Nhận
bảo quản
Connection (n) kəˈnekʃn Sự kết nối Purchase (v,n) ˈpɜːtʃəs Mua hàng
Presentation (n) ˌpreznˈteɪʃn Sự trình bày Progress (n) ˈprəʊɡres Tiến trình
Authority (n) ɔːˈθɒrəti Quyền Beneficial (adj) ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl
Agenda (n) əˈdʒendə Chương trình Conclusion (n) kənˈkluːʒn Kết luận
nghị sự
Formula (n) ˈfɔːmjələ Công thức Appropriation (n) əˌprəʊpriˈeɪʃn Sự chiếm đoạt làm
của riêng
Budget (n) ˈbʌdʒɪt Ngân sách
Assurance (n) əˈʃʊərəns Sự đảm bảo Reduce (v) rɪˈdjuːs Giảm
Policy (n) ˈpɒləsi Chính sách Attract (v) əˈtrækt Thu hút
Photographer (n) fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r) Nghệ sĩ nhiếp Resident (n) ˈrezɪdənt Cư dân
fəˈtɑːɡrəfər ảnh
Mood (n) muːd Tâm trạng, Business card (n) ˈbɪznəs kɑːd Danh thiếp
tính khí
Prescription (n) prɪˈskrɪpʃn Đơn thuốc Advertise (v) ˈædvətaɪz Quảng cáo
Donation (n) dəʊˈneɪʃn Sự viện trợ Inexpensive (adj) ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv Không đắt
Charity (n) ˈtʃærəti Từ thiện Effective (Adj) ɪˈfektɪv Hiệu quả
Profit (n) ˈprɒfɪt Lợi nhuận Attendance (n) əˈtendəns Sự tham dự
Recipe (n) ˈresəpi Công thức làm International (Adj) ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl Quốc tế
món ăn
Symposium (n) sɪmˈpəʊziəm Hội nghị chuyên đề
Utility (n) juːˈtɪləti Sự có lợi Communication (n) kəˌmjuːnɪ Sự giao tiếp, truyền
ˈkeɪʃn thông
Energy (n) ˈenədʒi Năng lượng Demonstration (n) ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn Sự minh họa
Beneficiary (n) ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəri Người thụ Permit (v) pəˈmɪt Cho phép
hưởng
Influx (n) ˈɪnflʌks Sự chảy vào, Cellar (n) ˈselə(r) Hầm rượu
tràn vào
Holiday season (n) ˈhɒlədeɪ ˈsiːzn Mùa nghỉ lễ Basement (n) ˈbeɪsmənt Tầng hầm
Appliance (n) əˈplaɪəns ứng dụng Reference material ˈrefrəns mə Tài liệu tham khảo
(n) ˈtɪəriəl
Electronics (n) ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪks Điện tử Promotion (n) prəˈməʊʃn Sự thăng tiến, sự
thăng chức
Facility (n) fəˈsɪləti Cơ sở vật chất Advisory (adj) ədˈvaɪzəri Tư vấn, cố vấn

28
Resolution (n) ˌrezəˈluːʃn Nghị quyết, sự Convert (v) kənˈvɜːt Đổi, biến đổi, thay
quyết tâm đổi tôn giáo
bargain prices (n) ˈbɑːɡən praɪs Atmosphere (n) ˈætməsfɪə(r) Không khí
Cosmetics (n) kɒzˈmetɪks Mỹ phẩm Establish (v) ɪˈstæblɪʃ Thiết lập
Concealer (n) kənˈsiːlə(r) Người che đậy Headquarters (n) ˌhedˈkwɔːtəz Trụ sở
Implementation (n) ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn Sự thực hiện
Cultural (adj) ˈkʌltʃərəl Thuộc về văn Culture (n) ˈkʌltʃə(r) Văn hóa
hóa
Local (adj) ˈləʊkl Thuộc về địa Locality (n) ləʊˈkæləti Địa phương
phương
Relocation (n) ˌriːləʊˈkeɪʃn Sự tái định cư Upgrade (v) ˈʌpɡreɪd Nâng cấp
Probation (n) prəˈbeɪʃn Sự thử việc Instruct (v) ɪnˈstrʌkt Hướng dẫn
Ceremony (n) ˈserəməni Nghi lễ
Orientation (n) ˌɔːriənˈteɪʃn Sự định hướng Accomplishment əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt Sự hoàn thành
(n)
Vacation (n) veɪˈkeɪʃn Ngày nghỉ, Approval (n) əˈpruːvl Sự chấp thuận
vəˈkeɪʃn ngày lễ
Unemployment (n) ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt Sự thất nghiệp Right (n) raɪt Quyền
Competitor (n) kəmˈpetɪtə(r) Đối thủ International (adj) ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl Thuộc về quốc tế
Crystal (n) ˈkrɪstl Tinh thể, pha National (adj) ˈnæʃnəl Thuộc về quốc gia
lê
Raise (n) reɪz Sự tăng lương Global (adj) ˈɡləʊbl Thuộc về toàn cầu
Success (n) səkˈses Sự thành công Provincial (adj) prəˈvɪnʃl Thuộc cấp tỉnh
Opportunity (n) ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti Cơ hội Commentator (n) ˈkɒmənteɪtə(r) Nhà bình luận
Diplomacy (n) dɪˈpləʊməsi Sự ngoại giao Unreliable (adj) ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl Không đáng tin
tưởng
Broker (n) ˈbrəʊkə(r) Người môi Customize (v) ˈkʌstəmaɪz Làm theo yêu cầu
giới, người khách hành
mối lái
Confidence (n) ˈkɒnfɪdəns Sự tự tin Accurately (adv) ˈækjərətli Chính xác
Performance (n) pəˈfɔːməns Sự thể hiện Quickly (adv) ˈkwɪkli Nhanh chóng
Presence (n) ˈprezns Sự có mặt Suggestion (n) səˈdʒestʃən Sự gợi ý
Package (n) ˈpækɪdʒ Sự đóng gói, Enable (v) ɪˈneɪbl Cho phép
bưu kiện

29