Confidential
Welcome to Hamburg
TOA Electronics Europe GmbH
TOA Systems
2
Confidential
How to Design Sound System
Design Concepts
Confidential
. Uniform Sound Distribution
. Sound Pressure Level “SPL” Over Ambient Noise
. Speech Transmission Index “STI”
. Reverberation Time
. Microphones
. TOA Tips for Design
5
Design Concepts
Confidential
. Uniform Sound Distribution H: 4 m 85 dB
Through the whole area Sound Level Variation to be within + 3dB
Doesn't depend on Wattage of Speakers “Tapping”.
Depends on Distribution of Speakers in the Target Area
Affected by Speakers Covering Angles, hence Ceiling Height or SPK Location. 80 dB
TOA has free Software for assistance
Professional EASE Program sure helps for that
H: 5 m
6
Design Concepts
Confidential
. Sound Pressure Level “SPL” Over Ambient Noise
SPL to be higher than Ambient Noise within 10-15dB
Depends on Speaker wattage
Related to Speakers distributions
SPL Value depends mainly on Ambient Noise Level
Ambient Noise Table of Standard Values per environment
Increasing SPL does not mean more clear sound.
Ambient Noise Sensors are used at changeable Noise Level
7
Design Concepts
Confidential
. Sound Pressure Level “SPL” Over Ambient Noise
SPL to be higher than Ambient Noise within 10-15dB
Depends on Speaker wattage
Related to Speakers distributions
SPL Value depends mainly on Ambient Noise Level
Ambient Noise Table of Standard Values per environment
Increasing SPL does not mean more clear sound.
Ambient Noise Sensors are used at changeable Noise Level
8
Design Concepts
Confidential
. What is the Maximum Noise Level?
No Standard of Maximum Noise
It depends on Level of Noise, and Time
9
Design Concepts
Confidential
. STI
10
Design Concepts
Confidential
. STI
How to improve STI?
- Correct Speakers
- Correct Fixing Locations
- Using Good Mixers & Processors
- Control Area Acoustics
. Carpet Instead of Marbles
. Wood cladding
. Curtains
. Absorbent False ceiling Materials
11
Design Concepts
Confidential
. Reverberation Time RT60
- Time for the SPL Level to fade away by 60dB
. Sound in a room will repeatedly bounce off surfaces such as the floor,
walls, ceiling, windows or tables.
. When these reflections mix, a phenomenon known as reverberation is created
. Reverberation reduces when the reflections hit surfaces that absorb sound such as curtains,
chairs and even people.
12
Design Concepts
Confidential
Use include soft, absorptive surfaces in the room to reduce RT60
13
Design Concepts
Confidential
14
Design Concepts
Confidential
15
Design Concepts (Microphones)
Confidential
16
Design Concepts (Microphones)
Confidential
Other Microphones Concepts:
. Microphones can we wireless (Clip, Handheld, Head, Neck)
. UHF/VHF Frequencies .. TOA has until 32 Different Channels
. Infrared Wireless Microphones:
Better Choice if there are huge number of Mics (Classrooms for example)
To Avoid interference.
17
Design Concepts
Confidential
. TOA Tips for Design:
TOA Free Design Software:
. SPV
. Ease Address
18
Design Concepts
Confidential
TOA Free Design Software:
. Ease Address : Especially for Ceiling Speakers (Practical Example from my PC)
Requirements to use this Software:
- Target Area Layout (CAD, PDF, or Picture >> We will use Picture)
- Dimensions : We need at least one dimension to make Scaling
- Height or Heights : It is Mandatory Data for whole or different areas.
- Speakers : Ceiling (3/6/15/30/60W), Selection by Model, tapping
We can mix different speakers, different tapping
- Each Closed Area to be as a separate room of Study.
19
Design Concepts
Confidential
TOA Free Design Software:
. SPV : For Both Ceiling or Wall Mounted Speakers (Practical Example from my PC)
20
Design Concepts After Speakers Placement
Confidential
Zone Distribution:
. Divide each group of speakers to be one zone
. Zone Means Target Area to receive specific Message/call one time
. Zone can be One Speaker loop or more
. Multi-Speaker loops can be merged by software
. One Speaker Loop cannot be split
. PAVA Systems : Speakers Loop Connection is 100V parallel
. Professional Audio: Speaker Connections is Ohm (4/8/16 Ohm)
. What are differences between Both Connections:
1. 100V for long distances, Ohm Short Distances
2. 100V SPK takes enough power from amplifier
3. Ohm, matching with amplifier output is mandatory
4. 100V is simpler connection more that Ohm connections
21
Design Concepts After Speakers Placement
Confidential
Cable Length: 100V
. Depends on :
. Voltage Drop
. Speaker Loop Length
. Speaker Cable Size
. There is TOA Cable Calculator Tools:
- Total Wattage of All Speakers of loop
- Loop Length from Amplifier to Last Speaker
- Voltage Drop accepted ( for PAVA 15% Voltage drop is Maximum Recommended )
Calculation
- Here we can get Suitable Speaker Cable Size Enter the values into the light yellow boxes
Effective Area and Diameter of Cable
- Total Wattage of All Speakers of loop
Enter: l : length of cable between amplifier and (last) speaker in metres 1000 m
P : (rated/matching) power of all speakers in watts 36 W
U : (max.) output voltage (= 100 or 70 V) in volts 100 V
n : (acceptable) voltage loss on the cable in % 10%
Result: effective cable area in mm² 1.134 mm²
- Loop Length from Amplifier to Last Speaker diameter of solid cable 0.85 mm
Voltage & Power Loss
- Used Speaker Cable Size Enter:
P
l : length of cable between amplifier and (last) speaker in metres
: (rated/matching) power of all speakers in watts
U : (max.) output voltage (= 100 or 70 V) in volts
d : diameter of solid cable 0.00 mm
- Here we can get Actual Voltage Drop in this loop
or
A : effective cable area in mm² (this value has priority over "d") 0.000 mm²
0.000 mm²
Result: voltage loss on the cable in % #DIV/0!
Power Loss in % #DIV/0!
Power Loss in dB #DIV/0!
22
Design Concepts
Confidential
Amplifiers Concept: Digital Class-D
. Separate Amplifier per each SPK Loop/Zone = Multi Parallel Bus
. One Amplifier per each Number of SPK Loops/Zones = Limitations of Buses
. Even we can use One Amplifier for Multi-Zones, we must have some considerations
- For Example:
Different Loops/Zones at the same Floor
Loops/Zones that can expect the same message at the same time
Zones or area that have no trouble if evacuates at the same time
Similar target points: as Staircases, or different exit points.
( More Number of Zones; each has less number of speakers )
23
Design Concepts
Confidential
Controller: Centralized or Decentralized
. To cover all designed number of Zones/Amplifiers
. To be expandable as per expected future expectations
. Digital Signal Processing DSP (Less Noise & Distortion)*
Noise: is an external random signal added to the original signal .. Removing it is harder
Distortion: is a change of the original signal .. Removing it is easier
. Has Filters, Equalization, Feedback Suppression, delay..
. How to Control it? By Software for Program & Monitoring or GUI
. How to Contact with it? Direct or though LAN or even WAN
. Protocols Manage the controller/System
. Interface with other systems (FA, BMS, Access Control, IP Telephone ..) or AV
. Inputs of the System: BGM Sources
. How Many Paging Mics/Fire Mics
24
Design Concepts
Confidential
Now we have a Complete System (we can follow EN54, UL, BS ..etc.)
25
Design Concepts
Confidential
Now we have a Complete System (SLD & BOQ)
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION-FEMALE BURAIDAH
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
BILL OF QUANITY WITH COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
NO. MODEL BRAND DESCRIPTION QTY
1 VX-015DA TOA DIGITAL POWER AMPLIFIER MODULE 150W 28
2 VX-3004F TOA VOICE EVACUATION FRAME 4AB 7
3 VX-3000DS TOA COMPACT POWER SUPPLY WITH CHARGER 2
4 ND-6842 ADF 41 UNIT RACK 600X800 1
5 ACC LOMA ACCESSORIES 1
6 PC-1867FC TOA FIRE DOME CEILING DOME SPEAKER 6W 447
7 CD-C600 YAHAMA COMPACT SIX DISE PLAYER 1
8 RM-300X TOA REMOTE MICROPHONE 2
9 RM-310F TOA EXTENSION REMOTE MICROPHONE 6
10 BA-800 TOA CASSETTE PLAYER 1
11 DT-930 TOA AM/FM TUNER 1
12 AT-4012B-EB TOA ATTENUATOR 12W 112
13 AT-4030B-EB TOA ATTENUATOR 30W 11
14 AT-4060B-EB TOA ATTENUATOR 60W 2
15 A-1812 TOA MIXER POWER AMPLIFER 1
16 MB-25B TOA RACK MOUNTING BRACKET 1
17 DM-1200 TOA DYNAMIC MICROPHONE 1
18 ST-321B TOA MICROPHONE STAND 1
19 ST-65A TOA MICROPHONE STAND 1
20 ST-ACR1 RDL LINE LEVEL CONTROLLED RELAY 1
21 ND-92 ADF 9 UNIT RACK 1
22 ACC LOMA ACCESSORIES 1
26
Design Concepts
Confidential
27
Thank you for your attention.
Thank you for your attention !
