Frontend
Development
Revision Guide
Table of Contents
Introductio 2
HTM 3-4
CS 5-6
JavaScrip 7-9
Frameworks and Librarie 10-12
TypeScrip 13-14
Testin 15-16
Performance Optimizatio 17-18
Tools and Build System 19-21
Version Contro 22-23
System Desig 24-25
Common Interview Question 26-28
Mock Interview 29-30
Additional Resource 31-32
Conclusion 33-34
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TOPIC-1
Introduction
Overview of Front-end Interviews at
MAANG
Front-end interviews at MAANG (Meta, Apple, Amazon,
Netflix, Google) are rigorous and focus on assessing your
problem-solving skills, knowledge of web technologies, and
your ability to design and build scalable applications.
Key Focus Areas
HTML/CSS for structuring and styling web pages
JavaScript for dynamic functionality
React for building user interfaces
Performance optimization
Testing methodologies
System design and architecture.
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TOPIC-2
HTML
Semantic HTML
Importance of semantic HTML for accessibility and SEO
Common semantic tags: ‘<header>’, ‘<nav>’, ‘<section>’,
‘<article>’, ‘<footer>’, etc.
Common Tags and Attributes
Essential tags: ‘<div>’, ‘<span>’, ‘<a>’, ‘<img>’, ‘<form>’,
‘<input>’, etc
Important attributes: id, class, src, href, alt, type,
placeholder, etc.
HTML5 Features
New form elements: ‘<datalist>’, ‘<output>’, ‘<progress>’,
etc
Multimedia tags: ‘<audio>’, ‘<video>’, ‘<track>’
APIs: Geolocation, Web Storage, Web Workers.
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Accessibility Best Practices
ARIA roles and properties
Tabindex for keyboard navigation
Using semantic elements properly.
Study Material
MDN Web Docs: HTML
Practice Questions
What are semantic elements in HTML, and why are they
important
How do you make a web page accessible
What is the difference between ‘<div>’ and ‘<section>’?
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TOPIC-3
CSS
CSS Fundamentals
Selectors, properties, and values
Box model: margin, border, padding, and content
Display properties: block, inline, inline-block, none.
Flexbox
Flex container and flex items
Flex properties: ‘flex-direction’, ‘justify-content’, ‘align-
items’, ‘align-content’, ‘flex-wrap’.
Grid Layout
Grid container and grid items
Grid properties: ‘grid-template-columns’, ‘grid-template-
rows’, ‘grid-gap’, ‘grid-area’.
Responsive Design
Media queries for different screen sizes
Mobile-first vs. desktop-first approaches.
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CSS Preprocessors (Sass, Less)
Variables, nesting, and mixins
Advantages of using preprocessors.
Common CSS Tricks and Hacks
Centering elements
Clearing floats
Creating shapes with CSS.
Study Material
MDN Web Docs: CSS
CSS-Tricks: Complete Guide to Flexbox
CSS-Tricks: Complete Guide to Grid
Practice Questions
Explain the CSS box model
How do you center an element horizontally and vertically
in CSS
What are the differences between Flexbox and Grid?
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TOPIC-4
JavaScript
ES6+ Features
Arrow functions, template literals, destructuring, spread/
rest operators
‘let’ and ‘const’ vs. ‘var’.
Scope and Closures
Function scope, block scope, and lexical scope
Understanding closures and their use cases.
Asynchronous JavaScript (Promises,
Async/Await)
Promises: ‘then’, ‘catch’, ‘finally’
Async/await for handling asynchronous operations.
Event Loop and Event Handling
Call stack, Web APIs, callback queue, and event loop
Event delegation and bubbling.
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DOM Manipulation
Selecting elements: ‘getElementById’, ‘querySelector’, etc
Creating and modifying elements: ‘createElement’,
‘appendChild’, ‘innerHTML’.
Prototypal Inheritance
Understanding prototypes and prototype chain
‘Object.create’ and constructor functions.
Common Patterns and Best Practices
Module pattern, Singleton pattern
Using ‘this’ keyword.
Study Material
MDN Web Docs: JavaScript
You Don't Know JS (book series)
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Practice Questions
Explain the difference between ‘let’, ‘const’, and ‘var’
What is a closure, and how does it work
How does the event loop work in JavaScript?
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TOPIC-5
Frameworks and Libraries
React
JSX and Virtual DOM
Understanding JSX syntax
How the virtual DOM works.
State and Props
Managing state in functional and class components
Passing data with props.
Lifecycle Methods
‘componentDidMount’, ‘componentDidUpdate’,
‘componentWillUnmount’
Using hooks (‘useEffect’, ‘useState’).
Hooks
Basic hooks: ‘useState’, ‘useEffect’, ‘useContext’
Custom hooks.
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Context API
Using context for state management
Context.Provider and Context.Consumer.
Common Patterns (HOCs, Render Props)
Higher-order components
Render props pattern.
Redux
State Management Basics
Understanding the need for state management
Redux flow: actions, reducers, store.
Actions, Reducers, and Store
Defining actions and action creators
Creating reducers
Configuring the store.
Middleware
Using redux-thunk for asynchronous actions
Other middleware like redux-saga.
Thunk vs. Saga
Differences and use cases.
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Study Material
Getting Started with React
React Official Documentation
Redux Official Documentation
Practice Questions
What is the virtual DOM, and how does it work in React
Explain the difference between state and props in React
How does Redux help in managing state in large
applications?
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TOPIC-6
TypeScript
Introduction to TypeScript
Benefits of using TypeScript
TypeScript vs. JavaScript.
Type Annotations
Basic types: ‘string’, ‘number’, ‘boolean’, ‘any’, ‘void’,
‘undefined’, ‘null’
Interfaces and Types
Interfaces and Types
Defining interfaces
Using type aliases.
Advanced Types (Union, Intersection,
Generics)
Union and intersection types
Generic types.
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Integration with React
Using TypeScript with React components
Type annotations for props and state.
Study Material
TypeScript Official Documentation
TypeScript Handbook
Practice Questions
What are the benefits of using TypeScript
How do you define and use interfaces in TypeScript
Explain the concept of generics in TypeScript.
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TOPIC-7
Testing
Importance of Testing
Ensuring code quality and reliability
Different levels of testing.
Unit Testing with Jest
Writing and running unit tests
Mocking dependencies.
Integration Testing
Testing multiple components together.
End-to-End Testing with Cypress
Setting up Cypress
Writing end-to-end tests.
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Testing Strategies and Best Practices
Test-driven development (TDD)
Writing meaningful tests.
Study Material
Jest Official Documentation
Cypress Official Documentation
Practice Questions
What is the difference between unit testing and integration
testing
How do you mock dependencies in Jest
Explain the benefits of end-to-end testing with Cypress.
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TOPIC-8
Performance Optimization
Critical Rendering Path
Understanding the rendering process
Minimizing render-blocking resources.
Lazy Loading
Deferring loading of non-critical resources.
Code Splitting
Splitting code to improve load times.
Caching Strategies
Browser caching
Using service workers for caching.
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Analyzing and Improving Performance
(Lighthouse, Web Vitals)
Using Lighthouse to analyze performance
Key metrics from Web Vitals.
Study Material
MDN Web Docs: Performance
Google Web Fundamentals: Performance Optimization
Practice Questions
What is the critical rendering path, and why is it
important
How does lazy loading improve performance
Explain the benefits of code splitting.
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TOPIC-9
Tools and Build Systems
Webpack
Configuring Webpack: Setting up entry points, output
paths, and basic configurations
Loaders and Plugins: Using loaders for different file types
(e.g., Babel for JavaScript, CSS loaders), configuring
plugins for optimization (e.g., ‘HtmlWebpackPlugin’,
‘MiniCssExtractPlugin’)
Code Splitting: Implementing code splitting to improve
application performance by splitting bundles
Tree Shaking: Removing unused code to reduce bundle
size.
Babel
Transpiling: Setting up Babel to transpile modern
JavaScript (ES6+) to older versions for compatibility
Plugins and Presets: Using presets like ‘@babel/preset-env’
and plugins for specific transformations.
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ESLint and Prettier
Linting: Configuring ESLint to enforce code quality and
consistency
Formatting: Setting up Prettier for automatic code
formatting and integration with ESLint.
Package Managers (npm, Yarn)
Dependencies Management: Installing, updating, and
managing project dependencies using npm or Yarn
Scripts: Creating and running custom scripts for building,
testing, and deploying applications.
Study Material
Webpack Official Documentation
Babel Official Documentation
ESLint Official Documentation
Prettier Official Documentation
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Practice Questions
How does Webpack help in building and bundling front-
end applications
What are the benefits of using Babel in a JavaScript
project
How do you configure ESLint and Prettier in a project?
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TOPIC-10
Version Control
Git Basics
Repositories: Initializing and cloning repositories
Commits: Making commits with meaningful messages
Branches: Creating, merging, and deleting branches.
Branching Strategies
Feature Branches: Isolating work on specific features
Gitflow Workflow: A branching model for managing
releases.
Study Material
Pro Git (book)
Atlassian Git Tutorials
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Practice Questions
How do you initialize a Git repository
Explain the Gitflow workflow
What are the best practices for writing commit messages?
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TOPIC-11
System Design
Basics of System Design
Understanding Requirements: Analyzing the requirements
and constraints
Design Principles: Scalability, reliability, maintainability.
Common Design Patterns
MVC: Model-View-Controller pattern
MVVM: Model-View-ViewModel pattern
Component-based Architecture: Designing with reusable
components.
Designing Scalable Front-end
Architectures
Micro-frontends: Splitting a front-end application into
smaller, independent pieces
Component Libraries: Creating and using component
libraries.
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Case Studies and Example Questions
Designing a News Feed: Discussing the architecture and
components involved
Building a Real-time Chat Application: Handling real-time
data and state management.
Study Material
System Design Primer
Grokking the System Design Interview
Practice Questions
How would you design a scalable news feed system
What are micro-frontends, and what are their advantages
Explain the MVC pattern and its use in front-end
development.
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TOPIC-12
Common Interview
Questions
Coding Challenges
Array and String Manipulations: Solving problems
involving arrays and strings
Algorithms: Implementing sorting, searching, and other
algorithms
Data Structures: Working with stacks, queues, linked lists,
trees, and graphs.
Behavioral Questions
Past Experiences: Discussing previous projects and roles
Teamwork and Collaboration: Examples of working
effectively in a team
Problem-solving Approaches: Describing your approach
to tackling challenges.
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System Design Questions
Scalability: Designing systems that can scale efficiently
Resilience: Ensuring systems are robust and fault-tolerant
Optimization: Improving the performance and efficiency of
systems.
Scenario-based Questions
Handling User Data: Designing systems to manage and
secure user data
Real-time Features: Implementing real-time functionalities
like notifications and updates.
Study Material
LeetCode
HackerRank
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Practice Questions
Write a function to reverse a linked list
How would you optimize a web application for faster load
times
Describe a time when you had to work under a tight
deadline.
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TOPIC-13
Mock Interviews
Importance of Mock Interviews
Practice under Pressure: Simulating the interview
environment
Identifying Weaknesses: Recognizing areas that need
improvement
Building Confidence: Gaining confidence through practice.
Resources for Practice
Interview Platforms: Pramp, Interviewing.io, LeetCode
Peer Interviews: Practicing with friends or colleagues
Professional Services: Hiring professional interview
coaches.
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Tips and Tricks
Stay Calm: Remaining calm and composed
Ask Questions: Clarifying any doubts about the problem
statement
Think Aloud: Sharing your thought process with the
interviewer.
Practice Questions
Schedule a mock interview on Pramp and solve a coding
challenge
Conduct a peer interview with a friend on a system design
problem
Take notes on areas of improvement from your mock
interview feedback.
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TOPIC-14
Additional Resources
Recommended Books
"You Don't Know JS" Series by Kyle Simpson: In-depth
coverage of JavaScript
"JavaScript: The Good Parts" by Douglas Crockford:
Essential JavaScript concepts
"Eloquent JavaScript" by Marijn Haverbeke:
Comprehensive guide to JavaScript.
Online Courses and Tutorials
FreeCodeCamp: Interactive learning platform for front-end
development
Udemy: In-depth courses on React, Redux, and other
frameworks.
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Practice Platforms
LeetCode: Coding challenges and interview preparation
HackerRank: Practice problems and contests
CodeSignal: Interview practice and assessment platform.
Practice Questions
Complete the JavaScript course on FreeCodeCamp
Solve 10 coding challenges on LeetCode
Watch a tutorial on React and build a small project.
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TOPIC-15
Conclusion
Final Tips and Advice
Review Regularly: Consistent review of concepts and
practice problems
Practice Mock Interviews: Regular practice to build
confidence
Stay Updated: Keeping up with the latest trends and
technologies in front-end development.
Maintaining a Positive Mindset
Stay Positive: Maintaining a positive attitude throughout
the preparation and interview process
Learn from Mistakes: Viewing mistakes as learning
opportunities
Take Breaks: Ensuring you take breaks to avoid burnout.
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Post-interview Follow-up
Send Thank You Notes: Appreciating the interviewers for
their time
Request Feedback: Asking for feedback to understand
areas of improvement
Reflect and Improve: Reflecting on the interview
experience and making necessary improvements.
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