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Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Unit1

The document covers the fundamentals of computer hardware, detailing components such as input/output devices, the CPU, memory, storage, and the motherboard. It explains BIOS and Flash BIOS, different motherboard types, bus architectures, power supplies, and the significance of grounding for safety and device protection. Overall, it provides a comprehensive overview of essential hardware concepts and components.

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roshankumar52717
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34 views7 pages

Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Unit1

The document covers the fundamentals of computer hardware, detailing components such as input/output devices, the CPU, memory, storage, and the motherboard. It explains BIOS and Flash BIOS, different motherboard types, bus architectures, power supplies, and the significance of grounding for safety and device protection. Overall, it provides a comprehensive overview of essential hardware concepts and components.

Uploaded by

roshankumar52717
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1: Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Basics

1. Introduction to Computer Hardware


Computer hardware refers to all the physical parts of a computer system that you can touch, see, and feel. It includes
input devices (keyboard, mouse), output devices (monitor, printer), processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM, ROM),
storage (HDD, SSD), and communication devices (modem, NIC). The motherboard connects all these components.
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Basics

2. BIOS & Flash BIOS


BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is firmware stored in ROM that initializes hardware during booting. It performs POST
and loads the operating system. Flash BIOS is a modern BIOS stored in EEPROM, allowing updates via software.
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Basics

3. Motherboard of PC and Supporting Cards


The motherboard is the main circuit board connecting all components. It includes the CPU socket, RAM slots, chipset,
BIOS chip, and expansion slots. Supporting cards include the graphics card, sound card, and network card.
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Basics

4. Motherboard Types
Common types are AT, ATX, Micro-ATX, and Mini-ITX. AT is outdated, ATX is the most used, Micro-ATX is compact,
and Mini-ITX is used for very small PCs.
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Basics

5. Different Types of BUS Architecture in a PC


Buses are pathways that transfer data, addresses, and control signals. Types include Data Bus, Address Bus, Control
Bus, and Expansion Bus (PCI, AGP, PCIe).
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Basics

6. SMPS and Other Types of Power Supplies


SMPS converts AC to DC for computer use, offering efficiency and low heat. Other types include Linear Power Supplies,
UPS (backup), and Laptop Battery Packs.
Unit 1: Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Basics

7. Grounding or Earthing in AC Input and Its Significance


Grounding ensures user safety and protects devices from voltage spikes. It reduces electromagnetic interference and
stabilizes voltage levels.

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