Computer Application
SEC, 2025
Mainframe Computers
Called as Mainframe or big iron
Used by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data
processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics,
enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing.
Notebook Computers
Very Small
Portable
Operate with chargeable batteries
Eg: Laptops
Personal Computers (PCs)
Non-Portable
Can be used by one person at a time (single-user-oriented)
PC have changed the work culture and work habits of numerous
organizations and individuals.
An increasing proportion of office work now involves use of
computers.
Part time job from home.
Can be found in offices, classrooms, homes, hospitals, shops, clinics,
etc.
Workstations
It is powerful desktop computer
For greater power processing power
Large storage
Better graphics display
Eg: Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Mainframe Systems
Used in large size organizations such Banks(SBI, APEX, MRB,
IDBI etc.), Insurance Companies, Hospitals, Railways,
Research group (ORCID, RESEARCH GATE), Educational
Institutions etc..
Consists of HOST, Front-End, Back-End
Client and Server Computers
Based on computer networks
Possible to interconnect several computers that can
communicate with each other.
Server-The process that owns the resource and does this
management
Client- Users (send services to the server)
Handheld Computers
Tablet
Mobile Phone
Basic Computer Organization
Five basic operations for converting raw input data into useful
information and presenting it to a user.
1) Inputting
2) Storing
3) Processing
4) Outputting
5) Controlling-Directing the manner and sequence in
Which the above operations are performed.
Hardware and Software
Hardware Software
Hardware is further divided into four main categories: Software is further divided into two main categories:
•Input Devices •Application Software
•Output Devices •System Software
•Secondary Storage Devices
•Internal Components
Developed using electronic and other materials Developed writing using instructions using a programming
language
When damaged, it can be replaced with a new component When damaged it can be installed once more using a backup copy
Hardware is physical in nature and hence one can touch and see The software cannot be physically touched but still can be used and
hardware seen
Hardware cannot be infected by Viruses The software can be infected by Viruses
An example of Hardware is hard drives, monitors, CPU, scanners, An example of software is Windows 10, Adobe Photoshop, Google
printers etc. Chrome etc.
Central Processing Unit
Control unit(CU) and Arithmetic logic unit(ALU) of a computer
system are together known as the Central Processing Unit.
The CPU is the brain of a computer system.
All major calculations and comparisons take place inside the
CPU.
INPUT DEVICES
Input Devices of Computer
A piece of hardware/equipment that enables the6. Scanner
user to enter data into a computer is called an input
7. Graphic Tablet
device. Some of the Commonly used input units used
in a computer system are as follows: 8. Microphone
1. Keyboard 9. Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)
2. Mouse 10. Optical Character Reader (OCR)
3. JoyStick 11. Barcode Reader
4. Light pen 12. Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
5. Track Ball
Output Devices
Output Devices
A piece of hardware/equipment that presents the result of the entered input, once it is
processed, is called an output device. Several output devices display output in various ways such
as images, text, hard copies, and audio/video.
Some of the Commonly used input units used in a computer system are as follows:
1. Monitor/Display Screen
2. Printer
3. Speakers/Headphones
4. Projector
5. Plotter
6. Braille Reader
Computer Memory and Storage
Primary Storage: Main memory
To hold a piece of program instructions and data, intermediate
result of processing.
Primary storage can hold information only while computer
system is on.
It is Expensive
Eg: Read Only Memory (RAM)
Secondary Storage: auxiliary memory
It is cheaper than primary storage
Itcan retain information even when a computer system switch
off or resets.
Eg: Magnetic Disk (Hard Disk), SSD (Solid State Drive)
To be Continue…
