Q) Compare and contrast between File system and DBMS.
A)
File System :
The file system is basically a way of arranging the files in a storage medium like a hard disk. The
file system organizes the files and helps in the retrieval of files when they are required. File systems
consist of different files which are grouped into directories. The directories further contain other
folders and files. The file system performs basic operations like management, file naming, giving
access rules, etc.
Example:NTFS(New Technology File System), EXT(Extended File System).
DBMS(Database Management System) :
Database Management System is basically software that manages the collection of related data. It is
used for storing data and retrieving the data effectively when it is needed. It also provides proper
security measures for protecting the data from unauthorized access. In Database Management
System the data can be fetched by SQL queries and relational algebra. It also provides mechanisms
for data recovery and data backup.
Example:Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL server.
Basis File System DBMS
The file system is software that manages
DBMS is software for managing the
Structure and organizes the files in a storage
database.
medium within a computer.
Data Redundant data can be present in a file
In DBMS there is no redundant data.
Redundancy system.
Backup and It doesn’t provide backup and recovery It provides backup and recovery of data
Recovery of data if it is lost. even if it is lost.
Query There is no efficient query processing in Efficient query processing is there in
processing the file system. DBMS.
There is less data consistency in the file There is more data consistency because
Consistency
system. of the process of normalization.
It is less complex as compared to It has more complexity in handling as
Complexity
DBMS. compared to the file system.
Security File systems provide less security in DBMS has more security mechanisms as
Constraints comparison to DBMS. compared to file systems.
It has a comparatively higher cost than a
Cost It is less expensive than DBMS.
file system.
Data
There is no data independence. In DBMS data independence exists.
Independence
User Access Only one user can access data at a time. Multiple users can access data at a time.
The user has to write procedures for The user not required to write
Meaning
managing databases procedures.
Data is distributed in many files. So, not
Sharing Due to centralized nature sharing is easy
easy to share data
Data It give details of storage and
It hides the internal details of Database
Abstraction representation of data
Integrity Integrity Constraints are difficult to Integrity constraints are easy to
Basis File System DBMS
Constraints implement implement
Example Cobol, C++ Oracle, SQL Server
Q)Explain three levels of abstraction in DBMS with near sketch.
A)
Data abstraction in Database Management System
The database system contains intricate data structures and relations. The developers keep away the
complex data from the user and remove the complications so that the user can comfortably access
data in the database and can only access the data they want, which is done with the help of data
abstraction.
The main purpose of data abstraction is to hide irrelevant data and provide an abstract view of the
data. With the help of data abstraction, developers hide irrelevant data from the user and provide
them the relevant data. By doing this, users can access the data without any hassle, and the system
will also work efficiently.
In DBMS, data abstraction is performed in layers which means there are levels of data abstraction
in DBMS that we will further study in this article. Based on these levels, the database management
system is designed.
Levels of Data Abstractions in DBMS
In DBMS, there are three levels of data abstraction, which are as follows:
1. Physical or Internal Level:
The physical or internal layer is the lowest level of data abstraction in the database management
system. It is the layer that defines how data is actually stored in the database. It defines methods to
access the data in the database. It defines complex data structures in detail, so it is very complex to
understand, which is why it is kept hidden from the end user.
Data Administrators (DBA) decide how to arrange data and where to store data. The Data
Administrator (DBA) is the person whose role is to manage the data in the database at the physical
or internal level. There is a data center that securely stores the raw data in detail on hard drives at
this level.
2. Logical or Conceptual Level:
The logical or conceptual level is the intermediate or next level of data abstraction. It explains what
data is going to be stored in the database and what the relationship is between them.
It describes the structure of the entire data in the form of tables. The logical level or conceptual
level is less complex than the physical level. With the help of the logical level, Data Administrators
(DBA) abstract data from raw data present at the physical level.
3. View or External Level:
View or External Level is the highest level of data abstraction. There are different views at this level
that define the parts of the overall data of the database. This level is for the end-user interaction; at
this level, end users can access the data based on their queries.
Advantages of data abstraction in DBMS
• Users can easily access the data based on their queries.
• It provides security to the data stored in the database.
• Database systems work efficiently because of data abstraction.
