Minimum Hardware Requirement for Installing
Linux o s
Processor : 2 GHz dual core.
RAM : 2 GB
Hard disk : 25 GB
Monitor : VGA capable of 1024x768 screen resolution.
Keyboard & Mouse.
Linux OS Media : Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installer media.
How To Install Red Hat Linux
Step by Step
Check the ‘review and modify portioning
layout’ to create partitions and click next.
To create different partitions such as /home, /var etc, click
on ‘New’ to create the partitions.
Then, select /home in the mount point and choose ‘ext3’ as
the file system and give the desired size for it and then click
‘OK’. Similarly also create /boot and /var.
Once you have made all the desired partitions and given
their mount points, click ‘Next’ to continue installation.
Step 8– This step pertains to the default OS
that will be loaded by the GRUB loader
After 40 or 50 Minutes…..
(This Reboot Time Depends on our System
Configuration)
1. / – Root
•Every single file and directory starts from the root directory.
•Only root user has write privilege under this directory.
•Please note that /root is root user’s home directory, which is not same as /.
2. /bin – User Binaries
•Contains binary executables.
•Common linux commands you need to use in single-user modes are located
under this directory.
•Commands used by all the users of the system are located here.
•For example: ps, ls, ping, grep, cp.
3. /sbin – System Binaries
•Just like /bin, /sbin also contains binary executables.
•But, the linux commands located under this directory are used typically by
system aministrator, for system maintenance purpose.
•For example: iptables, reboot, fdisk, ifconfig, swapon
4. /etc – Configuration Files
•Contains configuration files required by all programs.
•This also contains startup and shutdown shell scripts used to start/stop individual programs.
•For example: /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/logrotate.conf
5. /dev – Device Files
• Contains device files.
• These include terminal devices, usb, or any device attached to the system.
• For example: /dev/tty1, /dev/usbmon0
6. /proc – Process Information
• Contains information about system process.
• This is a pseudo filesystem contains information about running process.
For example: /proc/{pid} directory contains information about the process with that
particular pid.
• This is a virtual filesystem with text information about system resources.
For example: /proc/uptime
7. /var – Variable Files
•var stands for variable files.
•Content of the files that are expected to grow can be found under this directory.
•This includes — system log files (/var/log); packages and database files (/var/lib);
emails (/var/mail); print queues (/var/spool); lock files (/var/lock); temp files needed
across reboots (/var/tmp);
8. /tmp – Temporary Files
•Directory that contains temporary files created by system and users.
•Files under this directory are deleted when system is rebooted.
9. /usr – User Programs
•Contains binaries, libraries, documentation, and source-code for second level
programs.
10. /home – Home Directories
•Home directories for all users to store their personal files.
•For example: /home/john, /home/nikita
11. /boot – Boot Loader Files
•Contains boot loader related files.
•Kernel initrd, vmlinux, grub files are located under /boot
•For example: initrd.img-2.6.32-24-generic, vmlinuz-2.6.32-24-generic
12. /lib – System Libraries
•Contains library files that supports the binaries located under /bin and /sbin
•Library filenames are either ld* or lib*.so.*
•For example: ld-2.11.1.so, libncurses.so.5.7
13. /opt – Optional add-on Applications
•opt stands for optional.
•Contains add-on applications from individual vendors.
•add-on applications should be installed under either /opt/ or /opt/ sub-directory.
14. /mnt – Mount Directory
•Temporary mount directory where sysadmins can mount filesystems.
15. /media – Removable Media Devices
•Temporary mount directory for removable devices.
•For examples,
/media/cdrom for CD-ROM
/media/floppy for floppy drives
/media/cdrecorder for CD writer
16. /srv – Service Data
•srv stands for service.
•Contains server specific services related data.
•For example, /srv/cvs contains CVS related data.
