Coding Pattern

Java interviews can be daunting, but mastering core concepts and problem-solving
patterns can set you apart. This guide synthesizes insights from three valuable
resources, offering a condensed, actionable plan for your interview preparation.
1. Two Pointers Pattern
2. Fast and Slow Pointers
3. Backtracking
4. In-place Reversal of a Linked List
5. Sliding Window Technique
6. Depth-First Search (DFS)
7. Breadth-First Search (BFS)
8. Dynamic Programming

Docker
1. What is Docker ?
2. What are the Features of Docker?
3. What are the Pros and Cons of Docker?
4. Name and Explain the Components of Docker.
5. Name and Explain the State of a Docker Container.
6. Can You tell What is the Functionality of a Hypervisor?
7. Difference between Docker and Virtualization?
8. On What Circumstances Will You Lose Data Stored in a Container?
9. What is Docker Hub?
10. What Command Can You Run to Export a Docker Image As an Archive?
11. What Command Can Be Run to Import a Pre-Exported Docker Image Into Another
Docker Host?
12. Can a Paused Container Be Removed From Docker?
13. How Do You get the Number Of Containers Running, Paused, and Stopped?
14. How to Start, Stop, and Kill a Container?
15. Can You Tell the Difference Between CMD and ENTRYPOINT?
16. What are the Key Distinctions Between Daemon Level Logging and Container Level
Logging in Docker?
17. What Does the Docker Info Command Do?
18. Where are Docker Volumes Stored in Docker?
19. Can You Tell the Differences Between a Docker Image and Layer?
20. Can a Container Restart By Itself?
21. Name the Essential Docker Commands and What They Do.
22. What are Docker Object Labels?
23. How Do You Check the Versions of Docker Client and Server?
24. Why is Docker System Prune Used? What Does It Do?
25. What is Docker Swarm?
26. How Do You Scale Docker Containers Horizontally?
27. What Is the Difference Between Docker Restart Policies “no”, “on-failure,” And
“always”?
28. How Do You Inspect the Metadata of a Docker Image?
29. How Do You Limit the CPU and Memory Usage of a Docker Container?
30. What are the Differences Between Docker Community Edition (CE) and Docker
Enterprise Edition (EE)?
31. What Is the Purpose of the “docker checkpoint” Command?
32. Can We Use JSON Instead Of YAML While Developing a Docker-Compose File in
Docker?
33. Describe the Lifecycle of a Docker Container.
34. How Will You Ensure Container 1 Runs Before Container 2 While Using docker-
compose?
35. How Does Docker Handle Container Isolation and Security?
36. How do the Docker Daemon and the Docker Client Communicate With Each Other?
37. Can You Implement Continuous Development (CD) and Continuous Integration (CI)
in Docker?
38. Is it a Good Practice to Run Stateful Applications on Docker?
39. What Is the Purpose of Docker Secrets?
40. How Do You Create a Multi-stage Build in Docker?
41. How Do You Update a Docker Container Without Losing Data?
42. How Do You Manage Network Connectivity Between Docker Containers And the Host
Machine?

Redis
2. What is in-memory Database?
3. Isn’t the Redis data lost if there’s a system crash?
4. How Redis achieve persistence by Snapshotting?
5. How redis achive persistence by AOF?
6. Files will keep on growing as long as AOF executed. Won’t it consume more
memory? What is the solution provided by redis?
7. Redis String data-type.
8. Explain SET & GET command.
9. Redis List data-type.
10. Explain List operations.
11. Explain Blocking operations on lists.
12. Redis SET data-type.
13. Explain Redis SET operations.
14. Explain SINTER & SUNION.
15. Explain SUNIONSTORE & SINTERSTORE.
16. Redis Hashes data-type.
17. Explain HASH data-type operation.
18. Explain Redis Sorted sets.
19. Explain redis Sorted Set operation.

Microservices
2. What are microservices in spring boot?
3. What are Microservices in Java?
4. What is Microservices Architecture?
5. Why Microservices?
6. What is an API gateway in microservices?
7. How to deploy microservices?
8.How to handle exceptions in microservices?
9. What is Spring Cloud?
10. Features of Spring Cloud
11. How Do You Override A Spring Boot Project’s Default Properties?
12. How Is Spring Security Implemented In A Spring Boot Application?
13. Which Embedded Containers Are Supported By Spring Boot?
14. Where Do We Use WebMVC Test Annotation?
15. How to Configure Spring Boot Application Logging?
16. What is REST/RESTful and what are its uses?
17. What is the use of PACT in Microservices architecture?
18. What is OAuth?
19. What is Conway’s law?
20. What do you understand by Contract Testing?
21. What is End to End Microservices Testing?
22. What is the use of Container in Microservices?
23. What is a Consumer-Driven Contract (CDC)?
24. What is Canary Releasing?
25. Tell me the name of some famous companies which are using Microservice
architecture.
26. What is Domain Driven Design?
27. Why there is a need for Domain Driven Design (DDD)?
28. What is Ubiquitous language?
29. What are different types of Tests for Microservices?
30. How would you handle distributed transactions in microservices?
31. What do you mean by Continuous Integration (CI)?
32. What is the role of an architect in Microservices architecture?
33. Can we create State Machines out of Microservices?
34. What are Reactive Extensions in Microservices?
35. How do you handle service dependencies and discoverability in microservices?

HashMap
How Big Can a HashMap Be?
Starting Size of a HashMap
Why Resize the HashMap?
What is a Race Condition?
How Does a HashMap Work?
Avoiding Collisions
// If key not found, add new node to linked list at table[i]
What is a Hash \

Multithreading
1. RUN
2. RUNNABLE
3. NEW
4. WAITING
5.TIMED_WAITING
6.TERMINATED

3. Differentiate between process and thread.

4. What do you understand by inter-thread communication?
5. What is the purpose of the wait() method in Java?
6. Why must the wait() method be called from the synchronized block
7. What are the advantages of multithreading?
8. What are the states in the lifecycle of a Thread?
9. Explain the difference between preemptive scheduling and time slicing.
10. What is context switching?
11. Differentiate between the Thread class and Runnable interface for creating a
Thread.
12. What does join() method?
13. Describe the purpose and working of the sleep() method.
14.What is the difference between wait() and sleep() method?
15.Can we call the run() method instead of start()?
16. What about the daemon threads?
17. What are the two ways of implementing thread in Java?
18.What’s the difference between notify() and notifyAll()?
19. What do you understand about a “thread” in Java programming?
20. What are some fundamental advantages of multithreading in Java?
21. What is the fundamental difference between a process and a thread?
22. What is inter-thread communication?
23. What are some functions used to perform inter-thread communication in Java?
24. What do you understand about the wait() function in Java?
25. What do you understand by context switching?
26. What is the function of the join() method?
27. What is the function of the sleep() method?
28. What do you understand about Deadlock situations in Java Multithreading?
29. How do you detect deadlock situations in Java?
30. How can deadlock situations be avoided in Java?
31. How do threads communicate with each other?
32. Can two threads execute two methods (static and non-static concurrently)?
33. What is the purpose of the finalize() method?
34. What is the synchronized method and synchronized block? Which one should be
preferred?
35. What is Livelock? What happens when it occurs?
36. What is BlockingQueue?
40. What is CyclicBarrier and CountDownLatch?
41. What do you mean by inter-thread communication?
42. What is Thread Scheduler and Time Slicing?
43. What is a shutdown hook?
44. What is busy spinning?
45. What is ConcurrentHashMap and Hashtable? In java, why is ConcurrentHashMap
considered faster than Hashtable?
46. Explain thread priority.
47. What do you mean by the ThreadLocal variable in Java?
48. What is semaphore?
49. Explain Thread Group. Why should we not use it?
50. What will happen if we don’t override the thread class run() method?

OOPS
Classes & Objects
Java Objects
Java Constructors
Default Constructor
Parameterized Constructor
Modifiers in Java
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Abstraction
Interface
Encapsulation
Association

1. What is String in Java?

2. Is String a class or data type in Java?
3. How many ways can we create string object in Java?
4. What is String Constant Pool in Java?
5. What is the meaning of Immutable in terms of String?
6. Why string object is immutable in java?
7. What is the superclass of string class in Java?
8. What is String literal in java? How is string literal stored in memory?
9. Why Java uses the concept of string literal?
10. How are String literals cleared from String constant pool?
11. What are the drawbacks of creating a large number of string literals in the
memory pool?
12. How many objects will create for the identical string?
13. How many total objects will be created in the following code?
14. How many total objects will create in the following code?
15. How many total objects will be created in the following code?
16. Can we use reflection to clear a string object?
17. Why string class is declared as final in java?
18. How many interfaces are implemented by String class?
19. Does String is thread-safe in java?
20. What is the disadvantage of string class in java?
21. Is String a wrapper class?
22. How to compare two Strings in Java?
23. What is the difference between = = (double equal operator) and equals method in
Java?
24. What will be the output of the following code?
25. What will be the output of the below code?
26. What will be the output of the following program?
27. Consider the following code and think about the output.
35. What is a mutable string in Java?
36. Why StringBuffer objects in Java are mutable?
37. What is the difference between length and capacity in Java StringBuffer?
38. How will you add string in StringBuffer? Give an example.
39. When will you use StringBuffer if String class is already available?
40. What are the most widely used methods of StringBuffer class in Java?
41. Why do we need StringBuilder in Java?
42. Which class is more preferable: StringBuffer or StringBuilder? Why?
43. When should you use StringBuilder?
44. What is the difference between String, StringBuffer, and StringBuilder?

Java8
How will you write a code for writing the records into cache in a Multithreaded
environment.
How will you use Generic type to pass the records in the above code?
Write a JAVA program to print a fibonacci series using recursion
Write a MONGODB query to find a customer by their name without JPA
What are the main features introduced in Java 8?
What is a Lambda expression?
What is a functional interface?
What is the Stream API in Java 8?
What are the benefits of using the Stream API?
What are default methods in interfaces?
What is the Optional class in Java 8?
Write a lambda expression to sort a list of strings in ascending order.
Use the Stream API to filter even numbers from a list and print them.
Implement a custom functional interface and use a lambda expression with it.
How can you use the java.time package to get the current date and time?
What is the purpose of the map() function in the Stream API? Provide an example.

Spring boot
Exlpain about Transactional Management
How do you perfomr Exception Handling?
what is dependency inversion and IOC container in spring boot
what are the scopes of bean in spring boot
Explain about WebSocket
About AOP, What is AOP, and why is it used in Spring?
Explain the terms "cross-cutting concerns" and "aspect" in the context of AOP.
What is a "pointcut" in AOP?
Explain the types of advice in AOP.
How do you enable AOP in a Spring Boot application?
Can you give an example of a real-world scenario where AOP would be beneficial?
Explain the term "AspectJ annotations" in the context of Spring AOP.
What is the role of the @EnableAspectJAutoProxy annotation in a Spring Boot
application?
Differences between @SpringBootApplication and @EnableAutoConfiguration:
Microservices with Spring Boot:
Reactive Programming with WebFlux:
Spring Boot Actuator Customization:
Spring Boot Data REST:
Spring Boot Startup Process:
Spring Cloud for Distributed Systems:
Spring Boot Security for Web Applications and REST APIs:
Microservices Orchestration with Spring Cloud Netflix:
Distributed Transactions in Microservices:
Core Spring (Dependency Injection and IoC Container):
What is Inversion of Control (IoC)?
Explain the difference between Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control.
What is the Spring IoC container?
Describe the types of Dependency Injection supported by Spring.
Explain the bean life cycle in Spring.
Differentiate between singleton and prototype scopes in Spring.
How can you inject values into Spring beans?
What is the purpose of the @Autowired annotation?
Explain the role of the @ComponentScan annotation.
What is the purpose of the @Qualifier annotation?
Describe the purpose of the @Value annotation.
Explain the differences between constructor injection and setter injection.
What is the purpose of the @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy annotations?
How does Spring support the Factory design pattern?
Explain the concept of the Spring BeanPostProcessor.
Spring AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming):
What is Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP)?
Explain the terms "aspect," "join point," and "advice" in AOP.
What are pointcuts in AOP, and how are they defined?
Differentiate between "before," "after returning," and "around" advice.
Explain the concept of weaving in AOP.
What is the difference between Spring AOP and AspectJ?
How do you enable AOP in a Spring application?
Explain the use of the @Aspect annotation in Spring.
What is the purpose of the @Pointcut annotation?
Describe the types of pointcuts in Spring AOP.
Explain the term "aspect ratio" in AOP.
How does Spring AOP handle checked and unchecked exceptions?
What is the purpose of the ProceedingJoinPoint interface?
How can you achieve method-level security using AOP in Spring?
Spring MVC (Model-View-Controller):
What is the Spring MVC framework?
Explain the roles of the Model, View, and Controller in Spring MVC.
How does DispatcherServlet work in Spring MVC?
Differentiate between @Controller and @RestController.
What is the purpose of the @RequestMapping annotation?
Explain the use of @PathVariable in Spring MVC.
How does Spring MVC handle form submissions?
What is the purpose of the @ModelAttribute annotation?
Explain the differences between @RequestParam and @PathVariable.
How can you handle exceptions in Spring MVC?
Describe the role of the ModelAndView class.
What is the purpose of the @ResponseBody annotation?
Explain the use of the @ResponseStatus annotation.
How can you enable the use of Java 8 Date and Time API in Spring MVC?
What is the purpose of the RedirectAttributes class?
How does Spring support file uploads in a web application?
What is Spring Boot, and how does it simplify the development of Spring
applications?
Explain the purpose of the @SpringBootApplication annotation.
How does Spring Boot handle configuration?
Describe the concept of Spring Boot starters.
What is Spring Boot Auto-Configuration, and how can you customize it?
Explain the purpose of the application.properties (or application.yml) file in
Spring Boot.
What is the purpose of the SpringApplication class in Spring Boot?
How can you create a custom banner in a Spring Boot application?
Describe the role of the @RestController annotation in Spring Boot.
How does Spring Boot support externalized configuration?
What is the Actuator module in Spring Boot, and what endpoints does it provide?
Explain the differences between Spring Boot and Spring Cloud.
How can you profile a Spring Boot application, and what are the available profiles?
Describe the purpose of the @SpringBootTest annotation.
How does Spring Boot support testing?
What is Spring Data, and how does it simplify data access in Spring applications?
Explain the role of Spring Data repositories.
Describe the differences between JpaRepository and CrudRepository.
How can you define custom query methods in Spring Data repositories?
What is the purpose of the @Query annotation in Spring Data JPA?
Explain the concept of Query by Example (QBE) in Spring Data.
How does Spring Data JPA handle transactions?
What is the purpose of the @Transactional annotation?
How can you perform pagination in Spring Data repositories?
Explain the differences between Hibernate and Spring Data JPA.
What is Spring Data REST, and how does it simplify the development of RESTful APIs?
Spring Security:
What is Spring Security, and why is it important?
Explain the basic architecture of Spring Security.
How can you configure authentication in a Spring Security application?
Describe the purpose of the UserDetails interface.

Kafka
How the data is replicated in kafka - eg : replication factor>3
Data Replication In Kafka
How can Kafka handle/process those many messages?
Who is responsible for processing the messages in Kafka?
Explain the Apache Kafka architecture?
What is offset?
What is partition in Kafka?
Explain the purpose of auto_offset_reset, auto_offset_commit?
Kafka and JMS questions( Scenario based).
What is the purpose of Elastisearch and why it is being the fastest search engine?
Write a query to index a record in apache kafka?
how a load balance is done in consumer side ,
Service discovery
What is Topic , partition, configuration required in kafka
How you used Kafka in your project? Explain all the terminologies in Kafka cluster?
What makes Kafka scalable? Why are partitions used? Where partitions are stored?
Explain scalability in General.
What is Kafka Offset
How Kafka is Fault Tolerance
How security is Implemented while reading Kafka Topic
Whats the significance of using Key-Value pair in Kafka