Java + React + Web Services Interview

Questions with Answers (Wissen

Company)
JAVA QUESTIONS (Core Java)
• Q: What is OOP?

A: OOP means Object-Oriented Programming. It uses classes and objects. Main

concepts:
- Encapsulation: Hiding data using private fields.
- Inheritance: One class can use features of another.
- Polymorphism: Same method works differently.
- Abstraction: Hiding complex things and showing only needed parts.

• Q: What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?

A: - ArrayList is faster when you access elements.

- LinkedList is better when you add or remove items often.

• Q: What is HashMap? How does it work?

A: HashMap stores data as key-value pairs. It uses a hash function to find the location of
each key. It allows fast access if the key is known.

• Q: What is the difference between == and `.equals()`?

A: - `==` checks if two objects are same in memory.

- `.equals()` checks if two objects have same value.

SPRING BOOT + WEB SERVICES

• Q: What is Spring Boot?

A: Spring Boot is a tool to make Java apps easily. It helps to create REST APIs quickly
with less code.

• Q: What is REST API?

A: REST API allows different apps to talk using HTTP (like GET, POST). Example: A
mobile app asking a server for user data.

• Q: What is @RestController?
A: @RestController is used in Spring to make a class handle web requests, like a page
or API.

• Q: What is @Autowired?

A: Spring uses @Autowired to automatically give objects (dependencies) to classes.

• Q: What is the difference between GET and POST in API?

A: - GET is used to read data.

- POST is used to send data to the server.

• Q: How do you handle errors in REST API?

A: Using @ExceptionHandler or @ControllerAdvice, we can catch errors and return a

proper message.

REACT JS QUESTIONS
• Q: What is React?

A: React is a JavaScript library to build fast and dynamic web apps using components.

• Q: What is a component in React?

A: A component is a reusable piece of UI, like a button or form.

• Q: What is useState in React?

A: useState is a hook to store and update data in a component.

• Q: What is useEffect?

A: useEffect is used to run code when a component loads, updates, or unmounts (like
fetching API data).

• Q: How do you call an API in React?

A: Using fetch() or axios:

useEffect(() => {
fetch("https://api.com/data")
.then(res => res.json())
.then(data => setData(data));
}, []);

SQL + LOGIC
• Q: Write a query to find the 2nd highest salary.
A: SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employee
WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee);

GENERAL/HR
• Q: Tell me about yourself.

A: "I'm a Java developer skilled in Spring Boot and React. I’ve worked on projects like a
pet adoption system and learned full-stack development. I enjoy solving problems and
learning new tech."

• Q: Why do you want to join Wissen?

A: "Wissen works on real-world banking and enterprise projects. It values good coding
and architecture, and I want to grow in that kind of professional setup."

• Q: What is your strength?

A: "I'm good at understanding logic quickly and learning tools by doing hands-on work."

• Q: Do you have any questions for us?

A: "Yes! What kind of projects will I get to work on? How is the learning process for new
joiners at Wissen?"

ADVANCED JAVA & BACKEND CONCEPTS

• Q: What is an immutable class?

A: A class whose objects can’t be changed once created. Example: String in Java.

• Q: What are some features of Java 8?

A: Lambdas, Streams API, Functional Interfaces, Optional, Default methods in

interfaces.

• Q: What is the difference between synchronized and Lock?

A: Lock gives more control than synchronized like trying to lock or timing out.

• Q: How does garbage collection work in Java?

A: JVM automatically deletes unused objects to free memory.

MICROSERVICES ARCHITECTURE
• Q: What is Microservices?
A: A way to break large apps into small, independent services that talk via APIs.

• Q: How do microservices talk to each other?

A: Mostly through REST APIs or message brokers like RabbitMQ, Kafka.

• Q: What is the role of an API Gateway?

A: It acts as a single entry point for all microservices (e.g., Netflix Zuul, Spring Cloud
Gateway).

• Q: What is Service Discovery?

A: In microservices, services register themselves so others can find them (e.g., Eureka).

SPRING SECURITY (BASICS)

• Q: How does Spring Security work?

A: It secures APIs by checking username, password, and roles. Works with JWT too.

• Q: What is JWT?

A: JWT = JSON Web Token, used for secure login without saving session on server.

CI/CD & DEVOPS BASICS

• Q: What tools are used for CI/CD?

A: Jenkins, GitHub Actions, Docker, Kubernetes.

• Q: What is Docker?

A: Docker packages your app with all dependencies so it works anywhere.

REACT ADVANCED TOPICS

• Q: React Lifecycle (Class vs Hooks)

A: Class: componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate

Hooks: useEffect() replaces lifecycle methods.

• Q: How do you show content based on conditions?

A: Using if, ternary, or && in JSX:

{isLoggedIn ? <Home /> : <Login />}

• Q: How do you share data between components?

A: Using Props, Context API, or Redux.

PROJECT-BASED QUESTIONS
• Q: How did you design your project?

A: Explain your architecture: frontend in React, backend in Java/Spring Boot, DB like

MySQL.

• Q: What was the toughest part?

A: Mention a bug or integration challenge and how you solved it.

• Q: How did you connect frontend to backend?

A: Using Axios or Fetch API to call REST endpoints from React to Spring Boot.

• Q: How did you test your API?

A: Used Postman or Swagger to test endpoints, and JUnit for backend testing.

SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONS
• Q: API call is failing with 500 error. How will you debug?

A: Check backend logs, API URL, input format, and exception handling.

• Q: Frontend shows old data even after refresh — what might be wrong?

A: Check API caching, stale state, or missing re-fetch logic.

• Q: Two services fail to talk — what can be the issue?

A: Check service discovery, ports, firewalls, and network connectivity.