Q1. Explain OOP concepts with examples.
OOP has 4 pillars – Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction. - Encapsulation:
Wrapping data & methods. Example: private variables with getters/setters. - Inheritance: One class
deriving from another. Example: class Car extends Vehicle. - Polymorphism: Same method
behaves differently. Example: method overriding in Java. - Abstraction: Hiding implementation.
Example: abstract classes/interfaces.
Q2. Difference between Java and Python?
Java is statically typed, faster, and widely used in enterprise apps. Python is dynamically typed,
easier to learn, and popular in AI/ML.
Q3. Difference between Abstract class and Interface?
Abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods, supports single inheritance. Interface
has only abstract methods (Java 8+ allows default methods), supports multiple inheritance.
Q4. Explain Exception Handling with example.
Exception handling manages runtime errors using try, catch, finally, throw, throws. Example (Java):
try { int x = 10/0; } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("Error: " + e); } finally {
System.out.println("Cleanup always executes"); }
Q5. Difference between var, let, const in JS?
var: function scoped, can be re-declared. let: block scoped, cannot be re-declared. const: block
scoped, cannot be reassigned.
Q6. What is DOM?
DOM (Document Object Model) represents HTML as a tree structure. JavaScript can dynamically
access and update DOM elements.
Q7. What is Responsive Design?
Responsive design makes websites adapt to different screen sizes. Achieved using CSS media
queries, flexbox, grid, or Bootstrap.
Q8. What is Virtual DOM in React?
Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the real DOM. React updates only the changed parts (diffing),
which improves performance.
Q9. What is Middleware in Express.js?
Middleware is a function that executes before the request reaches the route handler. Used for
authentication, logging, validation, etc.
Q10. How does JWT Authentication work?
User logs in -> server generates JWT -> client stores it -> client sends token with requests -> server
verifies -> access granted.
Q11. What is JDBC?
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is used to connect Java applications with databases. Steps:
Load driver -> Connect -> Create statement -> Execute query -> Close connection.
Q12. Difference between Statement & PreparedStatement?
Statement: executes simple queries, vulnerable to SQL Injection. PreparedStatement: precompiled,
supports parameters (?), safer and faster.
Q13. Explain Hibernate ORM.
Hibernate is an Object Relational Mapping tool. It maps Java objects to database tables, reducing
SQL code. Supports caching, lazy/eager loading.
Q14. Explain Joins in SQL.
INNER JOIN: common records in both tables. LEFT JOIN: all from left + matching from right.
RIGHT JOIN: all from right + matching from left. FULL JOIN: all records from both tables.
Q15. What is Normalization?
Normalization is organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve consistency. Forms: 1NF, 2NF,
3NF, BCNF.
Q16. Explain ACID properties.
Atomicity: all or nothing. Consistency: maintains valid state. Isolation: transactions are independent.
Durability: changes persist after commit.
Q17. Difference between Git Merge & Git Rebase?
Merge: combines changes into a new commit. Rebase: moves commits on top of another branch,
cleaner history.
Q18. What is Postman used for?
Postman is used for API testing. We can send GET/POST/PUT/DELETE requests, test responses,
and automate testing.
Q19. UniSach – How did you implement role-based access?
Used JWT + Express middleware. Super Admin manages colleges, College Admins manage
reviews, Students submit feedback anonymously.
Q20. Book Store App – How did you implement CRUD?
React for UI, Express/Node.js for backend APIs, MongoDB for database. Example: Create Book =
POST /books, Read = GET /books, Update = PUT /books/:id, Delete = DELETE /books/:id.
Q21. Dream Home – How did AI cost estimation work?
Collected inputs like area, materials, labor, location -> applied formula/model -> estimated cost
output.
Q22. Tell me about yourself.
My name is Abhishek Aglawe. I am pursuing MCA at P.R. Pote College, Amravati. I have hands-on
experience in full-stack development and built projects like UniSach, Book Store, and Dream Home.
I am passionate about problem-solving and teamwork.
Q23. Biggest challenge in a project?
In Dream Home, fetching nearby shop data was challenging. I solved it by integrating Google Maps
API + custom database for shops.
Q24. Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
In 5 years, I see myself as a skilled full-stack developer, leading projects, mentoring juniors, and
contributing to innovative solutions.
