Desu form
Polite :
Desu Pre/fut Past
+ve desu Deshita
-ve Ja /dewa Jaarimasendeshita
arimasen
Plain:
Desu Pre/fut Past
+ve Da Datta
-ve Ja nai Ja nakatta
Arimasen = nai (plain)
Masu (action /verb)
Polite form
Masu Pre/fut Past
+ve Masu Mashita
-ve Masen Masendeshita
Plain masu form :
(L14 to L25)
Masu is a verb in japanese
Verb = base,conjigation
Tabe masu(eat)=
Tabe(base)/masu(conjigation)
Types of verb:
Group 1 (go dan )(five step)
Group 2 (ichi dan)(one step )
Group 3 (irregular verb / kuru ,suru model
)
How to find group3?
Your verb end with
1. N+kimasu
2. N+shimasu
3.N+wo kimasu
4.N+wo shimasu
5.te/de kimasu
Benkyou shimasu (g3)
Hatara kimasu(g3X)
Hanashi +masu (g3X)
Hanashi wo shimasu (g3)
Group3 Pre/fut Past Pre continuous
+ve (plain form (ta/da form (te/de form )
/dictionary form) ) Kite
Kimasu -> kuru Kita Shite
Shimasu -> suru Shita
-ve (nai form) (nakatta (nakute form )
Kimasu -> konai form ) Konakute
Shimasu-> shinai Konakatta Shinakute
Shinakatta
Form = kei
Dict= jisho
Benkyou(noun)/shimasu (to do) = to do
study
Benkyou shimasu =>
(+ve)benkyousuru, benkyoushita ,
benkyoushite
(-ve)Benkyoushinai, benkyoushinakatta,
benkyoushinakute
Shimasu (do)=> suru,shita,shite
Shinai ,shinakatta,shinakute
Motte kimasu => mottekuru
,mottekita,mottekite
Mottekonai,mottekonakatta,mottekonakut
e
Group 2: (ichi dan) dan = 1 step
Base end with “e” sound
(ke,se,me,re,he,pe,be……)
Eg. Tabe masu – eat
Agemasu – give
Exception words :
K = Karimasu (to borrow)
A=Abimasu (to bathe)
M= Mimasu (to see)
I= Imasu (to be(exist) )
D= Dekimasu (can do)
O= Okimasu (to getup)
K=Kimasu (to wear)
O=Orimasu (to get off)
T= Tarimasu (to be enough)
Group2 Pre/fut Past Pre conti
+ve Masu ru Ta Te
-ve Nai Nakatta Nakute
1.Tabe “masu” replace masu
Taberu ,tabeta,tabete
Tabenai ,tabenakatta,tabenakute
2. okimasu
Okiru ,okita,okite
Okinai ,okinakatta,okinakute
3.mimasu
Miru ,mita,mite
Minai ,minakatta ,minakutte
Group1: (go dan)
Rest other verbs apart g3,g2
Ta/da(past)(+VE ta ,te
form)Te/de(pre continuous)
Rule 1 Base end with Cat1(tta)(tte)
i,chi, ri
Rule 2 Base end with ni Cat2(nda)(nde)
,mi,bi
Rule 3 Base end with ki Cat3(ita)(ite)
Rule 4 Base end with Cat4(shita)(shite)
shi
Rule 5 Base end with gi Cat5 (ida)(ide)
Group1 Pre/fut(dict Past Pre (te form )
form /plain (Ta from) conti(rule/cat)
from ) (rule/cat)
forward letter
+ve 1.Tachimasu 1.tachimasu Tatte
-> Tatta nonde
Tatsu 2. nonda/ kaite
2.nomi->mu 3.kaita/ ite
Nomu 4.ita/
3.kaki->ku
Kaku
4.iki->ku
Iku
-ve (backward Tatanakatta Tatanakute
letter) Nomanakatt Nomanakute
1.tachi <- a Kakanakute
Tata +nai Kakanakatta
2.nomi<-
Nomanai
3.kaki<-
Kakanai
4.iki<-
Ikanai Oyoganakatt
5.oyogimasu a
<- oyoganai
Kai = buy
a = wa
Kaanai
Kawanai
Ha ra imasu =
harawanai
Ataraki masu= work (g1)
+ve Ataraku, ataraita,atraite
-ve atarakanai,
atarakanakatta,atarakanakute
Hanashi masu = speak(g1)
+ve hanasu,hanashita,hanashite
-ve
hanasanai,hanasanakatta,hanasanakute
Oyogimasu = swim(g1)
+ve oyogu, oyoida ,oyoide
-ve oyoganai , oyoganakatta,oyoganakute
Oshiemasu = oshietekudasai (please tell )
Kakimasu = kaitekudasai
Mashouka = shall I go (ikimasu =
ikimashouka))
Mashou = let’s
Masenka = wont you
Te form = kudasai(please)
Come = ikimasu (ittekudasai)
Drink = please drink (nonde kudasai)
Please write= kakimasu (kaite kudasai)
Please run (hashirimasu ) (hashitte
kudasai)
