ICDL – International Computer Driving License

Introduction to the ICDL Course

Welcome to the ICDL (International Computer Driving Licence) course!

This course is designed to equip students with essential digital skills through
11 key computer programs. Whether you're a beginner or looking to
strengthen your IT knowledge, this course will guide you step by step.

The ICDL is an internationally recognized certification program that is

studied and valued across the world. It is not just a local qualification – it is a
global standard in digital literacy. Students from Europe, Africa, Asia, and
other regions pursue ICDL to prove their competence in using computers and
technology effectively.

In this course, you will explore 11 major programs, including word

processing, spreadsheets, presentations, internet usage, databases, IT security,
and more. These programs are carefully selected to give you practical skills
needed in today’s academic and professional environments.

Why is ICDL Important for You?

In today's job market and university admissions, having strong digital skills is
a must. ICDL certification gives you a competitive edge, whether you're
applying for a job or enrolling in higher education. It shows that you are
capable, confident, and ready to work or study in a tech-driven world.

A Brief History of ICDL

The ICDL program was first launched in 1997 by the European Computer
Driving Licence Foundation (ECDL Foundation) in Europe. Since then, it
has grown into a worldwide standard, now known as ICDL in many
countries. Over 15 million people in more than 100 countries have taken the
course and benefited from its practical skills and global recognition.

The Lessons – English Titles

Module 1: Computer Essentials

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1. Introduction to Computers and Operating Systems

2. File Management and Folders
3. Software Installation and Updates
4. System Settings and Troubleshooting

Module 2: Online Essentials

5. Internet Basics and Browsers

6. Search Engines and Smart Searching
7. Online Safety and Security
8. Email Setup and Etiquette

Module 3: Word Processing (MS Word)

9. Creating and Formatting Documents

10. Paragraph Styles and Alignment
11. Tables, Images, and Objects
12. Page Setup and Printing

Module 4: Spreadsheets (MS Excel)

13. Cells, Rows, and Columns

14. Formulas and Functions
15. Charts and Graphs
16. Sorting, Filtering, and Printing

Module 5: Presentations (MS PowerPoint)

17. Creating Slides and Layouts

18. Inserting Media and Objects
19. Animations and Transitions
20. Slide Show Settings and Printing

Module 6: Using Databases (MS Access)

21. Introduction to Databases

22. Tables and Data Entry
23. Queries and Filtering Data
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24. Forms and Reports

Module 7: IT Security

25. Understanding Cyber Threats

26. Passwords, Backups, and Encryption
27. Safe Browsing and Secure Connections
28. Device and Data Protection

Module 8: Online Collaboration Tools

29. Cloud Storage and File Sharing

30. Real-Time Communication (Zoom, Teams)
31. Online Calendars and Task Management
32. Collaborative Document Editing

Module 9: Digital Marketing Basics

33. What is Digital Marketing?

34. Social Media and Content Strategies
35. SEO, Ads, and Analytics
36. Email Marketing Essentials

Module 10: Graphic Design Basics (Photoshop or Canva)

37. Introduction to Digital Design

38. Text, Layers, and Images
39. Design for Social Media and Web
40. Exporting and Publishing Designs

Module 11: Data Protection and Digital Ethics

41. GDPR and Personal Data

42. Ethical Use of Digital Tools
43. Responsible Online Behavior
44. Digital Footprint and Reputation

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Module 1: Computer Essentials

Learning the Keyboard

Lesson Objective

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to identify the different groups
of keys on a keyboard, understand their functions, and recognize common
keyboard symbols. They will also begin developing proper typing techniques.

1. Alphabetical Keys (A–Z):

These are the main letter keys located in the central area of the keyboard.
They include all 26 letters of the English alphabet.
They are used for typing words, sentences, and commands.

Example: A, B, C, D, E... up to Z

2. Numeric Keys (0–9):

These are numbers located in two places on the keyboard:

 Above the alphabetical keys (shared with symbol keys).

 On the right-hand side (numeric keypad), for faster number entry.

3. Function Keys (F1–F12):

Located at the top of the keyboard, these keys perform special functions
depending on the program you're using.

Function Key Common Use

F1 Help

F2 Rename (in Windows)

F5 Refresh a page
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Function Key Common Use

F11 Full-screen mode

4. Special Keys:

These keys help in formatting text or executing commands.

Key Use

Enter Starts a new line or confirms action

Backspace Deletes the character before cursor

Delete Deletes the character after cursor

Tab Moves the cursor forward

Shift Capitalizes letters / symbols

Caps Lock Makes all letters capital

Ctrl Control key – used in shortcuts

Alternate key – used in

Alt
combinations

Esc Cancel an action or exit

5. Arrow Keys (← ↑ → ↓):

Used to move the cursor or scroll through documents and web pages.
They’re located between the main keyboard and the numeric keypad.

6. Symbols & Their Names (Shift + Number):

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Key Combo Symbol Name

Shift + 1 Exclamation (!)

Shift + 2 At Sign (@)

Shift + 3 Hash (#)

Shift + 4 Dollar ($)

Shift + 5 Percent (%)

Shift + 6 Caret (^)

Shift + 7 Ampersand (&)

Shift + 8 Asterisk (*)

Shift + 9 Open Bracket ( ( )

Shift + 0 Close Bracket ( )

There are also other symbols like:

 : (Colon)
 ; (Semicolon)
 " (Quotation mark)
 ' (Apostrophe)
 / (Forward slash)
 \ (Backslash)
 - (Hyphen)
 _ (Underscore)
 = (Equals)
 + (Plus)

7. Typing Basics

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 Place your fingers on the home row keys:

Left hand: A, S, D, F
Right hand: J, K, L, ;
Thumbs rest on the spacebar.
 Use all fingers instead of two-finger typing.
 Look at the screen, not the keyboard (practice touch typing).
 Use typing software like TypingClub, Keybr, or Ratatype for regular
practice.

Quick Practice Tip

Start by typing simple words like

Apple, banana, desk, school, happy

Then move to sentences:

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Conclusion

Understanding your keyboard is the first step to becoming computer literate.

Each key has its own purpose, and mastering how to use them will make your
typing faster and your computer use more effective. Practice is the key!

Lesson 1

Introduction to Computers and Operating Systems

Objective
To understand the basic components of a computer system and the role of
operating systems in managing hardware and software.

🔹 what is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs tasks

based on instructions. It consists of:
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 Hardware: The physical parts (keyboard, monitor, CPU, mouse).

 Software: The programs and instructions that tell the hardware what to
do.

🔹 Types of Computers

 Desktop – Used at work or home.

 Laptop – Portable computer.
 Tablet/Smartphone – Handheld smart devices.

🔹 What is an Operating System (OS)?

An operating system is software that manages computer hardware and

software resources and provides services for programs. It acts as a bridge
between the user and the computer.

🔹 Common Operating Systems:

 Windows – Most common in personal computers.

 macOS – Used in Apple computers.
 Linux – Open-source OS, often used in servers.
 Android/iOS – For smartphones and tablets.

🔹 Functions of an Operating System:

1. User Interface (UI) – Allows users to interact with the system

(graphical or command-line).
2. File Management – Organizes files and directories.
3. Memory Management – Handles RAM and system storage.
4. Device Management – Controls input/output devices.
5. Security – Manages user access and protects the system.

Summary

 Computers are made up of hardware and software.

 The operating system controls and coordinates all hardware and
software.
 Examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux.
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 The OS is essential for communication between user and device.

Lesson 2

File Management and Folders

Objective:
To learn how to organize, manage, and locate files and folders effectively
using a computer operating system.

🔹 What is File Management?

File management is the process of storing, naming, organizing, and handling

files in a structured way on a computer. Good file management helps improve
efficiency, saves time, and avoids data loss.

Understanding Files and Folders

 File: A digital document, image, video, program, or any data stored on

a computer (e.g., Document.docx, Photo.jpg).
 Folder: A container used to group related files together for better
organization (e.g., My Documents, Projects, Music).

Common File Management Tasks:

1. Creating Files and Folders

o Right-click on desktop or inside a folder > Select New >
Folder/File.
2. Renaming
o Right-click on a file/folder > Click Rename > Type new name.
3. Moving and Copying
o Cut (Ctrl + X), Copy (Ctrl + C), and Paste (Ctrl + V) to
organize files between folders.
4. Deleting Files
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oSelect file > Press Delete or drag to Recycle Bin.

5. Restoring or Permanently Deleting
o Files in Recycle Bin can be restored or permanently deleted.
6. Searching
o Use the search bar in File Explorer to quickly find files or
folders.

File Naming Best Practices:

 Use descriptive names (e.g., Invoice_March2025.pdf).

 Avoid special characters like / \ : * ? " < > |.
 Stick to a consistent format for dates (e.g., YYYY-MM-DD).

File Extensions:

 Tell the system which program to use to open a file:

o .docx (Word), .xlsx (Excel), .pptx (PowerPoint)
o .jpg, .png (Images), .mp4 (Videos), .exe (Programs)

Summary

 File management helps organize and control digital content.

 Folders group related files and simplify navigation.
 Naming files clearly and using folder structures makes retrieval easier.
 Knowing file types helps you use the right software for each file.

Lesson 3

Software Installation and Updates

Objective:
To understand how to install new software on a computer and keep it updated
for security, performance, and compatibility.

🔹 What is Software Installation?

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Software installation is the process of adding a new program or application to

your computer so it can be used. This can be done from a CD/DVD, USB, or
more commonly, by downloading it from the internet.

How to Install Software

1. From a Website
o Visit the official website of the software.
o Download the installation file (.exe, .msi, .dmg).
o Double-click to start the installation.
o Follow the on-screen steps (Next > Agree > Install > Finish).
2. From a Disk or USB
o Insert the disk/USB.
o Open the setup file.
o Follow the installation wizard.
3. Via App Stores (Windows Store, Mac App Store):
o Search for the app.
o Click “Install” or “Get”.

What are Software Updates?

Software updates are improvements provided by the developers to:

 Fix bugs and errors.

 Add new features.
 Improve security.
 Enhance performance.

Types of Updates

 Manual Update: User downloads and installs updates themselves.

 Automatic Update: Software updates itself when online (e.g., Chrome,
Windows).

Why Updates are Important

Protects your system from viruses and hackers.

Fixes performance issues and crashes.
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Ensures software runs smoothly and efficiently.

Adds new features and improves user experience.

Best Practices

 Always install software from trusted sources.

 Keep your operating system and antivirus up to date.
 Restart your computer after big updates to apply changes.
 Uninstall unused software to free up space.

Summary

 Installing software adds new tools to your computer.

 Updates are essential for security and stability.
 Always use official sources and enable automatic updates when
possible.

Lesson 4

System Settings and Troubleshooting

Objective:
To learn how to adjust basic system settings and perform simple
troubleshooting steps when problems occur.

What are System Settings?

System settings allow users to customize and control how the computer
behaves. These include settings for display, sound, date/time, internet, users,
and more.

Common System Settings

1. Display Settings
o Change screen resolution, brightness, and display orientation.
o Useful for improving readability and performance.
2. Sound Settings
o Adjust speaker volume, input/output devices.

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o Troubleshoot no sound or microphone issues.

3. Network Settings
o Connect to Wi-Fi, manage Ethernet, troubleshoot internet issues.
4. User Accounts & Security
o Add/remove users.
o Set up passwords and access control.
5. Date & Time
o Sync with internet servers or manually change.
6. Language and Keyboard
o Add languages or switch keyboard layouts (e.g., English ↔
Somali).

What is Troubleshooting?

Troubleshooting means identifying, diagnosing, and resolving computer

problems. It is a process of fixing issues that may interrupt computer
operation.

Basic Troubleshooting Steps:

1. Restart the Computer

o Solves many temporary issues.
2. Check Connections
o Ensure cables, USBs, and power cords are properly plugged in.
3. Run Troubleshooters
o Use built-in OS tools (e.g., “Troubleshoot” in Windows Settings).
4. Update Drivers and Software
o Especially for hardware like printers, mice, and displays.
5. Scan for Viruses
o Use antivirus software to detect and remove malware.
6. System Restore
o Revert the computer to a previous working state.

Summary

 System settings help personalize and manage your device.

 Troubleshooting is the process of fixing computer problems.

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 Always start with simple checks (restart, cables, settings).

 Use built-in tools and antivirus software regularly.

Module 2 Online Essentials

Lesson 5

Internet Basics and Browsers

Objective:
To understand how the internet works, what browsers are, and how to use
them safely and efficiently.

What is the Internet?

The internet is a global network of computers that are connected to share

information. It allows people to:

 Access websites
 Send and receive emails
 Stream videos and music
 Use online services (banking, shopping, learning)

Key Terms

 Website: A collection of related web pages (e.g., www.google.com)

 Web Page: A single document on a website
 URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The address of a webpage
 Wi-Fi: Wireless internet connection
 IP Address: A unique number assigned to each device on the internet

What is a Web Browser?

A web browser is a software application used to access and view websites.

Popular Browsers:

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 Google Chrome
 Mozilla Firefox
 Microsoft Edge
 Safari (for Apple users)
 Opera

Basic Browser Functions

1. Address Bar – Type in a website URL.

2. Tabs – Open multiple web pages at once.
3. Bookmarks – Save favorite sites for easy access.
4. History – See previously visited websites.

Lesson 6

Search Engines and Smart Searching

Objective:
To learn how to use search engines effectively to find accurate, relevant, and
trustworthy information online.

What is a Search Engine?

A search engine is a web-based tool that helps users find information on the
internet. It searches websites, pages, and files based on keywords you type in.

Popular Search Engines:

 Google (most widely used)

 Bing (by Microsoft)
 Yahoo
 DuckDuckGo (privacy-focused)

How Search Engines Work

1. You type a search query (words/phrase).

2. The engine checks its database for matching content.

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3. It displays results pages with links, titles, and summaries.

4. You click a link to visit the page.

Smart Searching Techniques

1. Use Specific Keywords

o Instead of “computer,” search “best laptops under $15000 in
2025”.
2. Use Quotation Marks ("")
o Searches for the exact phrase.
o Example: "healthy smoothie recipes"
3. Use Minus Sign (-)
o Excludes certain terms.
o Example: apple -fruit (shows results about Apple Inc., not the
fruit)
4. Use Site Search
o Search within a specific site.
o Example: site:bbc.com Africa news
5. Use File Type Filter
o Find specific file types like PDF or PPT.
o Example: marketing plan filetype:pdf
6. Use Questions
o Ask direct questions for clearer results.
o Example: How to create a YouTube channel?

Evaluating Search Results

 Check the source – Is it reliable?

 Look at the date – Is it recent?
 Avoid ads or misleading headlines.
 Verify information by comparing with multiple trusted sites.

Summary

 Search engines help you find anything online – fast.

 Using smart techniques makes your searches more efficient.
 Learn to filter, evaluate, and double-check the info you find.

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Lesson 7

Online Safety and Security

Objective:
To learn how to protect your personal data, devices, and online identity from
cyber threats while using the internet.

Why is Online Safety Important?

The internet is full of useful information, but it can also be dangerous.

Hackers, scammers, and viruses can:

 Steal your personal info

 Hack your accounts
 Infect your device with malware
 Trick you with fake websites or emails

Common Online Threats

1. Phishing – Fake emails or messages pretending to be from trusted

companies to steal your info.
2. Viruses & Malware – Harmful programs that damage your files or
steal data.
3. Scams & Fraud – Fake deals, job offers, or prize messages asking for
money or information.
4. Data Breaches – When hackers steal data from websites you use.
5. Spyware & Tracking – Hidden tools that monitor your online
behavior.

Safety Tips for Internet Use

1. Use Strong Passwords

o Mix of letters, numbers, and symbols
o Change regularly and don’t reuse passwords
2. Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
o Extra protection by using a code sent to your phone or app
3. Don’t Click Suspicious Links
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o Avoid unknown emails or pop-ups

4. Use Secure Websites (HTTPS)
o Look for the padlock in the browser
5. Keep Software Updated
o Install updates for your OS, browsers, and antivirus
6. Avoid Public Wi-Fi for Sensitive Activities
o Like online banking or logging into accounts
7. Use Antivirus & Firewall Protection
o Detects and blocks threats

Good Habits Online

 Log out of accounts when using public/shared devices

 Don’t overshare personal info on social media
 Be mindful of what you download
 Back up important data regularly

Summary

 Stay alert and protect yourself from online threats.

 Use strong passwords, secure websites, and trusted software.
 Avoid scams and phishing traps – always verify before clicking.

Lesson 8

Email Setup and Etiquette

Objective:
To understand how to create and manage email accounts professionally and
how to communicate clearly and respectfully via email.

What is Email?

Email (Electronic Mail) is a method of exchanging digital messages over the

internet. It is used for

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 Personal communication
 Business communication
 Subscribing to services
 Sending and receiving files

Setting Up an Email Account

1. Choose a Provider
o Popular options: Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo, ProtonMail
2. Go to the Sign-Up Page
o Example: www.gmail.com
3. Fill Out Required Details
o First and last name
o Desired email address (e.g., hussein.tech@gmail.com)
o Strong password
o Phone number (for verification)
4. Agree to Terms & Conditions
o Complete the sign-up and confirm via SMS or email

Email Interface Basics

 Inbox: Received messages

 Sent: Messages you’ve sent
 Drafts: Unfinished emails
 Trash/Spam: Deleted or suspicious emails
 Compose: Button to write a new email

Professional Email Etiquette

1. Use a Clear Subject Line

o E.g., “Request for Meeting – 5th June”
2. Greet Politely
o “Dear Sir/Madam,” or “Hello Hussein,”
3. Be Clear and Brief
o Get to the point, use short paragraphs.
4. Use Formal Language in Business
o Avoid slang or emojis in professional messages.

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5. Attach Files Carefully

o Use proper filenames, check before sending.
6. Use a Signature
o Add your name, title, and contact info.
7. Check Spelling & Grammar
o Read before you send to avoid mistakes.
8. Reply Promptly
o Respond to messages within 24–48 hours when possible.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

 Sending without proofreading

 Using ALL CAPS (seen as shouting)
 Forgetting to attach files
 Hitting “Reply All” unnecessarily
 Being too informal with strangers or professionals

Summary

 Emails are powerful tools for professional and personal

communication.
 Proper setup and etiquette help you build trust and show respect.
 Always write clearly, be polite, and stay professional.

Word Processing (MS Word)

Lesson 9

Creating and Formatting Documents

In this lesson, you will learn how to create a new document and apply
formatting techniques to make your text organized, professional, and easy
to read. These skills are essential in programs like Microsoft Word, Google
Docs, or any word processor.

1. Creating a New Document

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To begin working, you need to open a new document:

 Microsoft Word: Go to File > New > Blank Document.

 Google Docs: Click on + Blank from the dashboard.

Tip Always save your document as soon as you create it

 Use File > Save As in Word

 Or File > Save (with Google Docs it auto-saves)

2. Basic Text Formatting Tools

These help you change how your text looks:

Tool Function
Bold Makes text darker/thicker (Ctrl + B)
Italic Slants text for emphasis (Ctrl + I)
Underline Underlines the text (Ctrl + U)
Font Size Increases or decreases text size
Font Style Changes the appearance of the font
Font Color Changes text color
Highlight Adds background color behind text

3. Organizing the Document

Use these formatting features for better structure:

 Headings: Use Heading 1, Heading 2, etc., to divide content.

 Bullets and Numbering: Use for lists.
 Paragraph Spacing: Add space between lines/paragraphs.
 Alignment: Align text to the left, center, right, or justify it.

4. Page Setup Tools

 Margins: Set space around the edges (Layout > Margins).

 Orientation: Choose Portrait or Landscape.
 Line Spacing: Use 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 spacing for clarity.

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 Header & Footer: Add text at the top/bottom of each page (e.g., page
number, title).

5. Document Tips

 Use short paragraphs and headings to improve readability.

 Be consistent with fonts and colors.
 Use spell check to fix grammar and typos.
 Save your document in formats like .docx, .pdf, or .odt.

Practice Task

1. Open a new document.

2. Write a short introduction about yourself (5 lines).
3. Make your name bold, your favorite color in italic, and your hobby
underlined.
4. Add a title in Heading 1 style.
5. Save the file as My_Introduction.docx.

Lesson 10

Paragraph Styles and Alignment

Lesson Objective

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to apply predefined paragraph
styles, align text in different ways, and improve the structure and
readability of your documents using style formatting tools.

1. What Are Paragraph Styles?

Paragraph styles are predefined formats you can apply to entire paragraphs
to ensure a consistent look across your document.

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Common Styles Include:

 Title – For document headers.

 Heading 1, 2, 3 – For main and subheadings.
 Normal – Standard body text.
 Quote – For quotations.
 Code – For writing technical/code blocks.

In Word: Found under the Home > Styles section.

In Google Docs: Found in the Toolbar > Styles dropdown.

2. Why Use Styles?

 Keeps formatting consistent.

 Helps in generating Table of Contents automatically.
 Improves accessibility and readability.
 Makes large documents easier to navigate.

3. Text Alignment Options

Text alignment controls how your text is positioned horizontally on the page.

Alignment Type Shortcut Description

Left Ctrl + L Aligns text to the left (default).

Center Ctrl + E Centers text horizontally.

Right Ctrl + R Aligns text to the right.

Justify Ctrl + J Aligns text evenly on both sides.

4. Applying Styles & Alignment

To Apply a Style

 Select a paragraph.
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 Click on a style name (e.g., Heading 1).

 It automatically formats the font size, boldness, spacing, etc.

To Change Alignment

 Highlight the text.

 Use the alignment buttons on the toolbar (or shortcuts).

Example

1. Write a document with the following:

o A Title: "My Travel Experience"
o A Heading 1: "Introduction"
o A Heading 2: "Places Visited"
o Body text with left alignment
o A centered quote using the Quote style.

Practice Task

1. Open a blank document.

2. Write three sections with headings (Heading 1 and Heading 2).
3. Format the body text using Normal style.
4. Align one paragraph center, another justify, and one right-aligned.
5. Save the file as Lesson10_StylesAndAlignment.docx.

Lesson 11

Tables, Images, and Objects

Lesson Objective

In this lesson, you will learn how to insert and format tables, images, and
other objects into your word processing document to enhance the visual
structure and clarity of your content.

1. Inserting Tables

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Tables are great for organizing information in rows and columns.

How to Insert a Table:

 Go to Insert > Table.

 Select the number of rows and columns.
 Click to insert it into your document.

Table Tools

 Add or remove rows/columns.

 Merge cells (combine two or more).
 Borders & shading for visual design.
 AutoFit to adjust cell sizes automatically.

Example

Name Age City

Ahmed 25 Nairobi

Fatima 29 Mogadishu

2. Inserting Images

Images add life and meaning to your documents.

How to Insert an Image:

 Click Insert > Picture.

 Choose an image from your device.
 Resize, rotate, or move the image as needed.

Image Tools

 Wrap Text: Make text go around the image.

 Position: Align left, center, right.
 Crop: Trim parts of the image.
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3. Inserting Shapes, Icons, and Other Objects

Shapes

 Use Insert > Shapes to add rectangles, circles, arrows, etc.

 Customize with fill color, outline, and effects.

Icons

 Go to Insert > Icons (in Word 2019+ or Google Docs).

 Choose from thousands of pre-made icons.

SmartArt (MS Word):

 Visual diagrams like process flows and organization charts.

Charts

 Add a bar chart, line chart, or pie chart from Insert > Chart.
 Use this when presenting data visually.

Tips for Using Objects

 Keep formatting consistent.

 Avoid too many objects—keep the document clean.
 Use captions under images or tables to describe them.

Practice Task

1. Create a table with 3 rows and 3 columns.

2. Insert an image and apply text wrapping.
3. Add a rectangle shape with a text label inside.
4. Insert a pie chart showing favorite fruits (example data).
5. Save the file as Lesson11_Objects.docx.

Lesson 12

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Page Setup and Printing

Lesson Objective

In this lesson, you'll learn how to set up your document for printing,
including adjusting page layout settings like margins, orientation, paper
size, and printing options such as print preview and page selection.

1. Page Orientation

Orientation controls the direction of the page.

 Portrait – Tall and narrow (default).

 Landscape – Wide and short (good for tables or charts).

How to change it:

 Go to Layout > Orientation > Portrait / Landscape

2. Page Margins

Margins are the blank spaces around the edges of your page.

 Go to Layout > Margins

 Choose from:
o Normal
o Narrow
o Wide
o Or click Custom Margins... to set your own

3. Paper Size

Change the paper size depending on your printer or need:

 Go to Layout > Size

 Common options:
o A4 (standard international)
o Letter (used in US)
o Legal
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4. Page Setup Dialog Box

Click the little arrow in the Page Setup group to access:

 Margins
 Orientation
 Paper size
 Layout settings

You can also set:

 Gutter margins (for bookbinding)

 Header/Footer distances

5. Print Preview

See how your document will look before printing:

 Click File > Print

 The right side shows a live preview
 Make sure everything fits well and looks correct

6. Selecting What to Print

You can choose to print:

 All Pages
 Current Page
 Selection (highlighted content)
 Custom Page Range (e.g. 2–4, 6)

Example
In File > Print > Pages, write: 1,3,5-7 to print specific pages.

7. Printing Settings

Other options you can change:

 Number of copies
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 Print on both sides (if supported)

 Collated or uncollated
 Printer selection

Practice Task

1. Set the document to Landscape.

2. Apply Narrow margins.
3. Change paper size to A4.
4. Use Print Preview to review the layout.
5. Print only page 1 (or practice the steps without a printer).

Lesson 13
Cells, Rows, and Columns

In this lesson, you'll learn the building blocks of any spreadsheet application
like Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, or LibreOffice Calc: cells, rows, and
columns. Understanding these is key to organizing and managing your data
like a pro.

What is a Cell?

 A cell is the smallest unit in a spreadsheet.

 It's where you enter data — like text, numbers, dates, or formulas.
 Each cell has an address (e.g., A1, B2) based on its column letter and
row number.

Example: Cell A1 = Column A + Row 1

What are Rows?

 Rows are horizontal lines of cells.

 Each row is identified by a number (1, 2, 3, ...).
 A row contains multiple cells — one from each column.

What are Columns?

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 Columns are vertical lines of cells.

 Each column is labeled with a letter (A, B, C, ... Z, AA, AB, etc.).
 A column holds data vertically — top to bottom.

Entering Data in Cells

You can enter different types of data into a cell:

 Text (e.g., "Name")

 Numbers (e.g., 250)
 Dates (e.g., 01/01/2025)
 Formulas (e.g., =SUM(A1:A5))

Working with Rows and Columns

Action How to Do It

Insert Row Right-click row number > Insert

Delete Row Right-click row number > Delete

Resize Row Drag the row boundary up/down

Insert Column Right-click column letter > Insert

Delete Column Right-click column letter > Delete

Resize Column Drag the column boundary left/right

Tips for Cell Navigation

 Use Arrow keys to move between cells

 Press Tab to move right
 Press Enter to move down
 Use Ctrl + Arrow key to jump to the end of data

Quick Activity

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Try creating a simple table like this:

Name Age Country

Amina 23 Kenya

Ali 19 Somalia

Hawa 28 Ethiopia

Practice

 Add a new row

 Change "Ali" age to 20
 Add a new column called “City”

Summary

 Cell = Where data lives

 Row = Horizontal line of cells
 Column = Vertical line of cells
 Mastering them helps you build and manage spreadsheets effectively.

Lesson 14
Formulas and Functions

In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use formulas and functions in spreadsheet
applications like Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, or LibreOffice Calc to
perform quick calculations and automate tasks.

What is a Formula?

A formula is an equation that performs a calculation in a cell.

 It always starts with an equal sign (=).

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 You can use it to add, subtract, multiply, divide, and more.

Examples

 =A1 + A2 → Adds values in cells A1 and A2

 =B3 * 10 → Multiplies the value in B3 by 10
 =(C2 + C3)/2 → Calculates the average of two numbers

What is a Function?

A function is a pre-made formula that performs specific tasks.

Common Functions

Function What it Does Example

SUM Adds numbers together =SUM(A1:A5)

AVERAGE Finds the mean of numbers =AVERAGE(B1:B5)

MIN Finds the smallest number =MIN(C1:C10)

MAX Finds the largest number =MAX(C1:C10)

COUNT Counts the number of values =COUNT(A1:A10)

How to Use a Formula

Step-by-step:

1. Click on the cell where you want the result.

2. Type =, then your formula or function.
3. Press Enter to calculate.

Tip: Use cell references instead of typing numbers manually. That way, your
formula updates automatically when the data changes.

Example Table

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A B

Value 1 10

Value 2 25

Value 3 15

Total =SUM(B1:B3)

Result in B4 = 50

Formula Errors to Watch Out For

Error Code Meaning

#DIV/0! You tried to divide by zero

#VALUE! Wrong data type used in formula

#NAME? Misspelled function name

Practice Activity

Try these in your spreadsheet:

1. Add numbers in cells A1 to A5 using =SUM(A1:A5)

2. Calculate the average of test scores in B1 to B4
3. Use =MAX(C1:C10) to find the highest value

Summary

 Formulas let you build your own calculations

 Functions are built-in tools to save time
 Mastering these boosts your productivity and makes data analysis easy.

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Lesson 15
Charts and Graphs

In this lesson, you’ll learn how to create and customize charts and graphs
in spreadsheet applications like Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, or
LibreOffice Calc to visually represent your data.

What is a Chart?

A chart (or graph) is a visual way to show information and patterns in data.
It helps make large or complex data easier to understand.

Common Types of Charts:

Chart Type What It Shows Example Use

Column Chart Compares values in vertical bars Sales by month

Bar Chart Compares values in horizontal bars Population by region

Line Chart Shows trends over time Stock prices, weather changes

Pie Chart Shows parts of a whole as slices Budget breakdown, survey results

Like a line chart but filled in with

Area Chart Cumulative growth
color

Shows relationships between two

Scatter Plot Test scores vs. study hours
variables

Steps to Create a Chart

1. Select your data – Highlight the rows and columns you want to
visualize.
2. Insert a chart – Go to the Insert tab and choose Chart (or “Graph”).
3. Choose chart type – Pick the one that best fits your data.
4. Customize your chart – Add titles, labels, colors, and style.
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Customizing Your Chart

You can improve your chart by:

 Adding a Chart Title

 Labeling the X-axis and Y-axis
 Adjusting colors and styles
 Showing data labels
 Adding a legend to explain what the colors/lines mean

Example

Month Sales ($)

Jan 500

Feb 800

Mar 600

Create a Column Chart to show sales growth over 3 months.

Why Use Charts?

 Makes data easier to understand

 Highlights trends and differences
 Helps in presentations and reports
 Makes decisions faster and more visual

Practice Task

1. Create a sample data table (e.g., Days vs. Temperature).

2. Try creating a Line Chart.
3. Label your axes and add a title.
4. Customize colors and styles to your liking.

Summary

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 Charts transform numbers into visual stories.

 Choose the right chart type based on the data you have.
 Use titles, labels, and colors to make your charts clear and attractive.

Lesson 16
Sorting, Filtering, and Printing

In this lesson, we’ll explore how to organize and manage data efficiently in
spreadsheet software like Excel, Google Sheets, or LibreOffice Calc using
sorting, filtering, and printing tools.

What is Sorting?

Sorting means arranging data in a specific order – alphabetically (A–Z / Z–

A), or numerically (smallest to largest / largest to smallest).

Examples

 Sort student names alphabetically

 Sort prices from lowest to highest
 Sort dates in chronological order

How to Sort

1. Highlight the column or table.

2. Click on the “Sort” option from the toolbar or Data menu.
3. Choose ascending (A–Z) or descending (Z–A).
4. Confirm and apply.

What is Filtering?

Filtering allows you to show only the data you want to see by hiding the
rest temporarily.

Example

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 Show only items from “January”

 Show products that cost over $50
 View records with "Status = Pending"

How to Filter

1. Select the header row.

2. Click Filter (usually a funnel icon).
3. Use the dropdowns to select criteria.
4. View filtered data without deleting anything.

Printing Spreadsheets

Once your data is sorted or filtered, you may want to print it.

Printing Tips

 Print Preview before printing

 Set Print Area to avoid printing empty cells
 Adjust Margins, Orientation (Portrait or Landscape)
 Add Headers/Footers (e.g., page number or file name)
 Use Scaling to fit data to one page if needed

Steps to Print

1. Go to File > Print (or press Ctrl + P).

2. Review settings in Print Preview.
3. Choose active sheet, selected cells, or entire workbook.
4. Adjust layout (margins, fit to page).
5. Click Print.

Practice Task

1. Create a list of students with columns: Name, Age, Grade.

2. Sort the list by Grade (highest to lowest).
3. Filter to show students aged over 18.
4. Print the filtered list using landscape layout.

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Summary

 Sorting helps organize data clearly.

 Filtering shows specific data quickly without deleting.
 Printing ensures your spreadsheets are presentable and readable on
paper.

Lesson 21

Introduction to Databases

What is a Database?

A database is an organized collection of data that can be easily accessed,

managed, and updated. Think of it as a digital filing system that stores
information like customer records, product lists, student data, Hospital,
Employee, or any kind of structured information.

Example: When you log in to Facebook, your username, password, photos,

and messages are all stored in a database.

Why Are Databases Important?

Databases are used in nearly every business and app you interact with.
They:

 Help store large amounts of data efficiently

 Allow multiple users to access and update data at the same time
 Keep data organized, secure, and easy to retrieve
 Enable fast searching and reporting

Common Uses of Databases

Field Use Case Example

Business Storing customer information & invoices
Education Managing student records and grades
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Field Use Case Example

Healthcare Tracking patient history and appointments
E-commerce Managing products, orders, and payments

Types of Databases

Type Description
Organizes data in tables with rows and columns. Common in
Relational Database (SQL)
business use.
Non-Relational (NoSQL) Stores unstructured data like documents or key-value pairs.
Cloud Databases Hosted on the internet (e.g., Firebase, AWS RDS).
Local Databases Installed on your personal computer or company server.

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

A DBMS is software used to manage and interact with databases.

Popular DBMS Description

MySQL Open-source, widely used with PHP
Microsoft Access User-friendly desktop DBMS
SQLite Lightweight database, great for mobile apps
PostgreSQL Advanced, open-source database
MongoDB NoSQL database for big data and flexibility

Key Database Terms

Term Meaning
Table A collection of data arranged in rows and columns
Record A single row of data (like one student or customer)
Field A column in a table (e.g., Name, Email)
Primary Key A unique identifier for each record
Query A request to fetch or manipulate data

Practice Activity

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1. Make a list of 5 things you'd like to store in a personal database (like

names, contacts, favorite books).
2. Think about how you could organize that in a table (e.g., columns like
Title, Author, Year).
3. Choose a DBMS (like Microsoft Access or MySQL) to try creating
your first database!

Lesson 22

Tables and Data Entry

What is a Table in a Database?

A table is the main structure in a database where data is stored in rows and
columns. Think of it like a spreadsheet:

 Columns are called fields (e.g., Name, Email, Phone).

 Rows are called records (each row is one entry or item).

Example Table: Students

StudentID Name Age Email

1 Ayan Yusuf 18 ayan@gmail.com
2 Ahmed Noor 20 ahmed@hotmail.com

In this example:

 Each column is a field (StudentID, Name, Age, Email).

 Each row is a record (1 student = 1 row).
 StudentID can be used as the Primary Key because it’s unique for
each record.

What is Data Entry?

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Data entry means typing or importing information into the database tables.
You can:

 Manually type into the table.

 Use a form to make it easier.
 Import from Excel, CSV, or another file.

How to Enter Data (Example in Microsoft Access or MySQL

Workbench):

1. Create a new table with field names and data types.

2. Open the table in data entry mode (Datasheet View in Access).
3. Type your data in each row.
4. Save your changes.

Data Types for Fields

Field Type Example

Text Names, emails, addresses
Number Age, quantity, ID numbers
Date/Time Date of birth, registration date
Yes/No Active user (Yes/No)

Choosing the right data type is important to ensure valid input and
performance.

Tips for Clean Data Entry

 Avoid leaving fields empty (unless allowed).

 Ensure emails and dates are correctly formatted.
 Double-check for spelling errors or duplicates.
 Use dropdowns (Combo Boxes) for fields with limited choices (e.g.,
Gender: Male/Female).

Activity

1. Create a table called Customers with fields:

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o CustomerID (Primary Key)

o Name
o Phone
o Email
o Join Date
2. Enter at least 5 fake records manually.
3. Save and view your data in table view.

Lesson 23
Queries and Filtering Data

What is a Query?

A query is a tool that lets you ask questions to your database and get specific
results.

You don’t always need to look through the whole table — queries help you
filter, sort, and search your data easily.

Think of a query like saying:

“Show me all students older than 18,” or
“Find all products under $10.”

Types of Queries

Query Type What It Does

Select Query Retrieves specific records or fields

Update Query Updates existing records

Delete Query Removes records from a table

Append Query Adds new records from another source

Make-Table Query Creates a new table based on your filtered data

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Query Type What It Does

Filtering Data with Select Queries

Example: Show all students from “Grade 12”

SELECT * FROM Students

WHERE Grade = '12';

Example: Show students older than 18

SELECT Name, Age FROM Students

WHERE Age > 18;

Common Filtering Conditions

Condition Example

Equals (=) WHERE City = 'Nairobi'

Greater than (>) WHERE Price > 1000

Less than (<) WHERE Age < 25

BETWEEN WHERE Age BETWEEN 18 AND 30

LIKE (pattern) WHERE Name LIKE 'A%' (starts with A)

NOT WHERE NOT City = 'Mogadishu'

Sorting Results

You can sort your query results using ORDER BY.

SELECT * FROM Products

ORDER BY Price ASC;
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 ASC = Ascending (lowest to highest)

 DESC = Descending (highest to lowest)

Practice Exercise

Use a table named Books with fields: Title, Author, Price, Year

1. Show all books published after 2020

2. Show books by author “Amina Ali”
3. Sort books by price, from highest to lowest

Pro Tip

In Microsoft Access, you don’t need to write SQL — you can build queries
visually with the Query Design tool:

 Add tables
 Drag fields you want to show
 Set criteria below each field
 Run the query to see results

Lesson 33

What is Digital Marketing?

Definition of Digital Marketing

Digital Marketing refers to the use of the internet and electronic devices to
promote products or services. It involves reaching a wide audience through
platforms like social media, websites, email, and search engines such as
Google.

Simple Definition: It’s how businesses advertise their products or services

online to reach internet users.

Main Types of Digital Marketing

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Type Description
SEO (Search Engine Improving a website’s visibility in search engine
Optimization) results.
Creating blogs, videos, or social media posts to
Content Marketing
attract users.
Promoting through platforms like Facebook, TikTok,
Social Media Marketing
Instagram, etc.
Sending promotional or reminder emails to
Email Marketing
customers.
Paying commissions to others who promote your
Affiliate Marketing
products.
Paid ads where you are charged when someone
Pay-Per-Click (PPC)
clicks.
Collaborating with famous individuals to promote
Influencer Marketing
your brand.

Benefits of Digital Marketing

 You can reach people anywhere in the world.

 It's often cheaper than traditional marketing.
 You can track and measure the results.
 It strengthens customer engagement.
 Suitable for both small and large businesses.

Simple Example

A coffee shop can use

 Instagram to share attractive images of its drinks.

 Email to send out discounts and offers.
 Google Ads to appear in search results for “best coffee shop.”

Homework

1. Name two types of digital marketing you saw today.

2. Would you recommend a Somali business to use digital marketing?

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Lesson 34

Social Media and Content Strategies

In this lesson, you'll learn how to create effective content strategies for
social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter (X),
LinkedIn, and YouTube. These platforms are powerful tools for reaching
audiences, building brands, and driving engagement.

1. What is a Social Media Strategy?

A social media strategy is a plan that outlines

 What you want to achieve on social media

 The content you will post
 Which platforms you’ll use
 How you’ll measure success

A good strategy keeps your content organized, consistent, and goal-driven.

2. Choosing the Right Platforms

Different platforms serve different purposes:

Platform Best For

Facebook Community building, ads, groups

Instagram Visual content, stories, reels

TikTok Short-form viral videos

X (Twitter) News, trends, quick updates

LinkedIn Professional branding, B2B

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Platform Best For

YouTube Long-form videos, tutorials

Choose platforms based on

 Where your audience is

 The type of content you’re creating

3. Understanding Your Audience

Before creating content

 Research your audience (age, interests, problems)

 Create buyer personas
 Find out what type of posts they engage with (videos, images, polls,
etc.)

Tip: Use tools like Facebook Insights, Instagram Analytics, or Google

Trends.

4. Planning Your Content (Content Calendar)

A content calendar helps you stay consistent and plan ahead.

Include:

 Daily/weekly posting schedule

 Themes (e.g., #MotivationMonday, #TipsTuesday)
 Holidays or campaign dates
 Visual & caption plan

Use tools like:

 Google Sheets
 Notion
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 Trello
 Buffer or Hootsuite

5. Types of Social Media Content

Here are some content types to mix in your strategy:

Content Type Purpose

Educational Posts Teach your audience something

Behind-the-Scenes Build trust with transparency

User-Generated Content (UGC) Social proof

Interactive Content Polls, questions, quizzes

Live Videos Real-time engagement

Memes/Trends Boost visibility, stay current

Promotional Posts Promote products/services

6. Tracking Performance

Key metrics to track:

 Engagement (likes, comments, shares)

 Reach & impressions
 Click-through rate (CTR)
 Conversion rate
 Follower growth

Tools to use

 Meta Business Suite (Facebook & Instagram)

 TikTok Analytics
 Google Analytics

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 Sprout Social or Hootsuite

7. Tips for Better Content Strategy

 Always add value – educate, inspire, or entertain.

 Be consistent with branding, tone, and visuals.
 Post at the right time for your audience.
 Use hashtags wisely.
 Repurpose content across different platforms.

Practice Task

1. Choose one platform you want to focus on.

2. Create a 1-week content calendar (7 posts).
3. Include: post type, caption, image idea, and goal
(engagement/sales/awareness).
4. Schedule or post using any platform you prefer.

Lesson 35

SEO, Ads, and Analytics

Learn how to drive traffic, promote content, and measure success online.

1. What is SEO (Search Engine Optimization)?

SEO is the process of improving your website or content so it ranks higher in

Google and other search engines. The higher your rank, the more people will
find you.

Types of SEO:

 On-Page SEO: Optimizing titles, headings, content, and keywords.

 Off-Page SEO: Getting backlinks from other websites.
 Technical SEO: Site speed, mobile-friendliness, and clean code.

Basic SEO Tips

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 Use relevant keywords in titles and headings.

 Write clear and valuable content (not just for Google – for real
people).
 Add alt text to images.
 Use internal links (to your own site) and external links (to trusted sites).
 Make your site mobile-friendly.

2. What Are Online Ads? (Digital Advertising)

Online ads help promote your content or products to a targeted audience.

Common Types of Digital Ads:

Platform Type of Ads

Google Ads Search ads, Display ads

Facebook/Instagram Image/video ads, carousel

YouTube Skippable & non-skippable video ads

TikTok Ads In-feed, Top View, Branded Hashtags

Key Ad Components

 Target audience: Age, location, interests

 Budget: Daily or lifetime spend
 Objective: Awareness, traffic, conversions
 Call to Action (CTA): E.g., “Buy Now”, “Learn More”

Ads give fast results, while SEO gives long-term growth. Use both for best
impact!

3. Understanding Web Analytics

Analytics tools help you measure:

 Traffic: Who visited your site or post

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 Behavior: What they clicked, watched, or bought

 Sources: Where traffic came from (Google, Instagram, etc.)
 Conversions: How many took an action (signup, purchase)

Top Analytics Tools:

Tool Purpose

Google Analytics Website traffic and behavior

Google Search Console SEO performance tracking

Facebook Insights Page and post-performance

Instagram Analytics Engagement, reach, story views

TikTok Analytics Video views, audience data

4. How They Work Together

SEO Ads Analytics

Brings free traffic over time Brings instant visibility Shows you what works

Together they form a powerful Digital Marketing Trio 💥

Use SEO for organic growth, Ads for quick results, and Analytics to improve
everything.

Practice Activity

1. Choose one blog, product, or service.

2. List 5 SEO keywords you'd target.
3. Create a mock ad (write headline, image idea, CTA).
4. Decide how you'd measure success using analytics (visits, clicks, etc.).

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Lesson 36

Email Marketing Essentials

Learn how to connect with your audience through effective email campaigns.

1. What is Email Marketing?

Email marketing is the practice of sending targeted messages via email to:

 Promote products or services

 Share updates or content
 Build customer relationships
 Drive sales or conversions

It's one of the most cost-effective digital marketing tools.

2. Basic Components of an Email Campaign

Element Description

Subject Line First thing people see – make it catchy & clear

Header Often includes your logo and brand colors

Body The main message (text, images, links)

CTA (Call to A button or link encouraging action (Buy Now, Read

Action) More)

Footer Contact info, unsubscribe link, social media icons

3. Types of Marketing Emails

Type Purpose

Welcome Emails Greet new subscribers

Promotional Emails Offer discounts, sales, new products

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Type Purpose

Newsletters Share blog posts, tips, updates

Transactional Emails Order confirmations, receipts

Re-engagement Emails Bring back inactive subscribers

4. Best Practices for Email Success

Segment Your List

Send the right message to the right people (new users vs. loyal customers).

Personalize
Use the person’s name, purchase history, or location.

Mobile-Friendly Design
Make sure your email looks good on phones and tablets.

Test Before Sending

Send test emails to check design, links, and spelling.

Track Performance
Use email analytics to see:

 Open rate
 Click-through rate (CTR)
 Unsubscribe rate
 Conversion rate

5. Top Email Marketing Tools

Tool Features

Mailchimp Templates, automation, analytics

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Tool Features

MailerLite Simple & affordable

ConvertKit Good for creators & bloggers

GetResponse Advanced features, webinars, sales funnels

Sendinblue SMS + email marketing combined

6. Legal & Ethical Guidelines

 Always get consent before emailing

 Include an unsubscribe option
 Follow GDPR or local data privacy laws
 Never buy email lists – grow your own

Practice Activity

1. Write a subject line for a promo email about a 20% sale.

2. Design a simple email layout with:
o Header
o Main message
o CTA button
o Footer with contact info
3. Choose an email platform and schedule your first test campaign.

Lesson 37
Introduction to Digital Design

What is Digital Design?

Digital Design is the process of creating visual content using digital tools like
computers, software, and online platforms. It's the art of combining

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creativity and technology to design graphics, websites, social media content,

and more.

Types of Digital Design

1. Graphic Design – Logos, posters, brochures, etc. (Tools: Photoshop,

Illustrator)
2. Web Design – Websites, user interfaces, responsive layouts (Tools:
Figma, Adobe XD, HTML/CSS)
3. UI/UX Design – Designing user-friendly interfaces and experiences
4. Motion Design – Animated graphics and videos (Tools: After Effects)
5. Social Media Design – Posts, banners, thumbnails for online platforms
6. Digital Illustration – Drawing or painting using tablets and software

Common Tools in Digital Design:

Tool Use Case

Adobe Photoshop Image editing & manipulation

Adobe Illustrator Vector art and logo design

Figma UI design, prototyping, and collaboration

Canva Simple design for beginners

Adobe XD Wireframing and interactive design

Inkscape Free vector graphic editor

Key Concepts in Digital Design:

 Layout – Arranging elements on a canvas

 Color Theory – Using colors to create emotion and harmony
 Typography – Choosing fonts and managing text styles
 Hierarchy – Guiding the viewer’s attention
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 Consistency – Keeping design elements unified

Why Digital Design Matters?

 Boosts branding and identity

 Makes content more engaging
 Helps communicate ideas visually
 Crucial for marketing, education, technology, and entertainment

Practice Task

1. Visit Canva or Figma and create a simple social media post.

2. Try selecting a color scheme and adding a title with a bold font.
3. Export the design as an image and review your layout and balance.

Summary

Digital Design blends art and tech to create visuals that communicate, inspire,
and engage. From posters to websites, it powers the digital world around us.
Mastering the tools and principles opens up creative careers in marketing,
design, and tech.

Lesson 38
Text, Layers, and Images in Digital Design

In this lesson, you’ll explore three core elements used in nearly all digital
designs: text, layers, and images. Mastering these helps you create
professional, clean, and effective visual content.

Text in Design

Text isn’t just words—it’s visual communication. You use text to share
messages, build hierarchy, and add style to your design.

Key Concepts

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 Font (Typeface): Style of the letters (e.g., Arial, Roboto, Montserrat).

 Font Size: Adjusts the visual importance of text.
 Font Style: Bold, italic, underline to emphasize.
 Alignment: Left, center, right, or justified.
 Hierarchy: Larger or bolder text grabs more attention.
 Spacing: Line height and letter spacing affect readability.

Tip: Use 2–3 fonts per design to maintain clarity and avoid clutter.

Layers

In design software like Photoshop, Figma, or Canva, layers are like

transparent sheets stacked on top of each other. Each element (text, image,
shape) sits on its own layer.

Why Layers Matter:

 Organize your content easily.

 Move or edit individual elements without affecting others.
 Control visibility and order (which item is on top).
 Group elements together for structure.

Example Layer Stack:

1. Background
2. Image
3. Text
4. Icons

Tools with Layers:

Photoshop, Figma, GIMP, Illustrator, Canva (limited)

Images

Images bring life and emotion to your design. They grab attention and often
tell stories faster than words.

Key Tips:

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 Use high-quality images (no blurry or pixelated ones).

 Stick to relevant visuals (match your message).
 Compress images for web use (to reduce loading time).
 Use PNG for images with transparency and JPG for regular photos.
 Respect copyright – use royalty-free or licensed images.

Sources for Free Images:

 Unsplash.com
 Pexels.com
 Pixabay.com

Combining Text, Layers & Images

A successful design balances all three. Here’s a process:

1. Choose a background image.

2. Add text on top using contrasting color.
3. Use layers to adjust order (text always above image).
4. Test different layouts and alignments.

Mini Project

Design a digital flyer using:

 A background image
 A heading and subtitle
 One shape or icon

Try this in Canva or Figma using at least 3 layers.

Summary

 Text delivers your message.

 Layers keep your design flexible and organized.
 Images attract attention and enhance visuals.

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When you combine these elements well, your design becomes clear,
attractive, and powerful.

Lesson 39
Design for Social Media and Web

In this lesson, you'll learn how to design graphics and content that look great
and perform well on social media platforms and websites. The goal is to
create visuals that grab attention, deliver a message fast, and reflect your
brand or purpose.

1. Understanding Platform-Specific Design

Each platform has its own recommended image sizes, layouts, and user
behaviors. Designing for social media isn’t one-size-fits-all.

Platform Post Size (px) Use Case

Instagram 1080 x 1080 (square) Posts, quotes, promotions

Facebook 1200 x 630 News feed link shares

Twitter 1600 x 900 Tweets with images

LinkedIn 1200 x 627 Professional content

YouTube 1280 x 720 (thumbnail) Video thumbnails

Website Banner 1920 x 1080 Home page hero images

Tip: Always check updated size guides for each platform.

2. Visual Hierarchy & Branding

Designs need to be scroll-stopping. People scroll fast, so your design must:

 Use large, bold titles.

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 Include your brand colors and fonts consistently.

 Stick to one core message per post.
 Add call-to-action text like "Shop Now", "Click Here", "Learn More".

Tools to use

 Canva
 Adobe Photoshop
 Figma
 Adobe Illustrator

3. Images, Icons & Graphics

Use eye-catching visuals:

 High-resolution photos.
 Icons and illustrations to support content.
 Brand logo visible but not overpowering.

Use contrast between background and text for readability.

4. Typography for Social Media

Text must be easy to read at a glance:

 Use short sentences or keywords.

 Stick to 1–2 font styles.
 Maintain high contrast (e.g., white text on dark background).

Example
Before: “Our amazing and extensive offer ends soon!”
After: “50% OFF – Ends Sunday!”

5. Web Design Considerations

For websites, good design = good user experience:

 Use a grid layout for structure.

 Prioritize mobile-friendly (responsive) design.
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 Optimize image sizes for fast loading.

 Keep navigation clear and consistent.
 Maintain visual balance: whitespace, color, alignment.

6. Reusing Content Across Platforms

Design once, resize and adjust for different platforms:

 Turn a blog post into an Instagram carousel.

 Use the same banner image for YouTube, Twitter, and LinkedIn with
small changes.

Tools like Canva Pro or Adobe Express let you resize automatically.

Summary

Key Focus What to Remember

Platform Dimensions Know the correct image size for each platform

Brand Consistency Use same fonts, colors, and style everywhere

Readability Big fonts, high contrast, short text

Visual Engagement Strong images, icons, and hierarchy

Web & Mobile Friendly Always test how it looks on different devices

Mini Project

Design a promotional post for a fictional product:

 Create a square Instagram post (1080x1080)

 Include a headline, image, logo, and call-to-action
 Resize it for Facebook (1200x630)

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Lesson 40
Exporting and Publishing Designs

In this final lesson, we’ll learn how to export your digital designs in the
right formats and publish them across different platforms like social media,
websites, and print. Creating great designs is only part of the job — you also
need to deliver them properly!

1. Why Exporting Correctly Matters

Exporting is the process of saving your design in a format that is:

 High quality
 Fast to load
 Supported by the platform or medium

Poor export settings = blurry images, slow websites, or wrong color output in
print. So let’s do it right.

2. Common Export File Formats

Format Use Case Quality Supports Transparency?

Photos, social media, web

JPG Medium ❌ No
banners

PNG Logos, graphics, icons High ✅ Yes

Print, documents,
PDF Very High ✅ Yes
presentations

SVG Icons, web vector graphics Scalable ✅ Yes

MP4 Videos, animated content High ❌ No (but visual)

GIF Short animations Low/Medium ✅ Yes

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3. Export Settings (Resolution & Size)

For Web & Social Media:

 Resolution: 72 DPI
 Dimensions: Based on platform (e.g., Instagram = 1080x1080px)
 File type: JPG or PNG
 Compression: Keep file size low without losing quality

For Print

 Resolution: 300 DPI

 File type: PDF or TIFF
 Use CMYK color mode (not RGB)

4. How to Export (Examples)

Canva

 Click “Share” > “Download”

 Choose file type (PNG, JPG, PDF)
 Use "Transparent Background" if needed (Pro feature)

Adobe Photoshop:

 File > Export > Export As

 Choose format and resolution
 Use “Save for Web” for optimized output

Figma:

 Select frame or design

 Right-click > Export
 Choose format (PNG, JPG, SVG, PDF)

5. Publishing Your Design

On Social Media:

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 Upload directly via app or scheduler (e.g., Buffer, Meta Business Suite)
 Check the crop preview to ensure it fits well

On Websites

 Compress images using tools like TinyPNG

 Use SVG for icons and JPG/PNG for banners
 Make sure to add alt text for accessibility & SEO

For Print

 Always download a print-ready PDF

 Include bleed and crop marks if sending to a printing company
 Do a test print before mass printing

6. Versioning & Backup

Save multiple versions of your work:

 Original (editable) file: PSD, AI, or Figma

 Exported version: PNG, JPG, PDF
 Compressed version: For fast web use

Use Google Drive, Dropbox, or external hard drives for safe backup.

Summary Table

Recommended
Task Resolution Tips
Format

Instagram Post PNG / JPG 1080x1080 Keep file size <1MB

Website Hero Image JPG / PNG 1920x1080 Compress for fast loading

Logo with Transparency PNG / SVG N/A Use SVG for scalability

Print Poster PDF (CMYK) 300 DPI Include bleed marks

Presentation Slide Export PDF 1920x1080 For sharing and printing

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Recommended
Task Resolution Tips
Format

Final Task: Export & Share

1. Export your final design in PNG (for web) and PDF (for print).
2. Upload the PNG to a test blog or social media post.
3. Share the PDF with a friend or instructor for feedback.

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