Essential For any quadratic function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, the values a, b, and c provide key information

Understanding about its graph.

Standards

HSF-IF.B.4 I can interpret KEY FEATURES of quadratic equations, functions, graphs and tables in
terms of the quantities.

I can draw and sketch quadratic graphs showing key features given a verbal description of
the relationship.

HSA-CED.A.2 I can create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between
quantities.

I can graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales.

HSF-IF.C.8 I can write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal
and explain different properties of the function.

HSF-IF.C.9 I can compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way
(algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions).

Textbook Reference I need to be able to… Learning Targets

(pages 202 – 208)

4-2 Standard Form of o Find the key components of a Knowledge Targets:

a Quadratic Function parabola
o Distinguish between different forms of
o Sketch/graph a quadratic
quadratic functions
function with or without
technology Reasoning Targets:
o Use a quadratic function to
o Analyze and interpret a quadratic from the
model the height of an object
equation of its function
o Convert general (standard) form
o Compare and contrast multiple representations
to vertex form to find the vertex
of quadratic functions
(maximum or minimum) of a
o Analyze and deduce information from the
parabola
different representations of quadratic functions

Lesson Question: How can you sketch/graph a quadratic function written in standard form without a calculator?

Exploration [Calculator]
To the right is the graph of y = x − 2x − 3 .
2

1. Describe the symmetry of the parabola.

SYMMETRICAL OVERTHEEQUATION OFTHEAxis of
SYMMETRY x l
2. Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry.

X I

3. Write down the coordinates of the vertex.

1 4 x 1
4. Describe the relationship between the equation of the axis of symmetry and the x − coordinate of the vertex.
THE EQUATION OF THE AXIS OF SYMMETRY GoesTHROUGH THE X coordinate
OF THE VERTEX

27
5. Write down the x − intercepts. Determine the relationship between the x − intercepts x1 and x2 of the function
and the x − coordinate of the vertex xv . Write down this relationship as a formula: xv = _____.

1,0 AND 3,0 THE X OF THE VERTEX Xu IS MIDWAY BETWEEN THE X INTERCEPTS
COORDINATE

X AND Xz ALONGTHE X AXIS

s Xit
2_ I
2 2
6. Graph the following quadratic functions on the same set of axes below.LABELTHEVERTEXOFEACHGRAPH

a. y = x − 4x − 5 b. y = x + 6x − 7 c. y = −x + 2x + 10
2 2 2

vertex
bn
r q
a

sa

or

vertex
or a 29

k T H
vertex
C3 16
7. All the quadratic functions in Question 6 above have leading coefficient a = 1 or a = −1 . Now test your formula
from Question 5 above on the following quadratic functions whose leading coefficient a ≠ ±1 . GRAPHEACH
Function onTHEsameset of AXES AND LABELTHEVERTEXOFEACHGraph
1 2
a. y = 2x + 4x − 1 b. y = x + 2x − 5 c. y = 2x + 5x − 3
2 2

af
A fat n

VERTEX
VERTEX S 1.255 6.125
C2 7

28
8. Copy and complete this table with the parameters a and b and the !-coordinate of the vertex for all the
quadratic functions in Questions 6 and 7 on the previous page.

Quadratic function Parameters a and b x − coordinate of

the vertex, xv
y = x 2 − 2x − 3 a = 1; b = −2 xv = 1

6.a. y = x 2 − 4x − 5 ast b 4 Xv 2
6.b. y = x 2 + 6x − 7 a I b 6 Xv 3

6.c. y = −x 2 + 2x + 10 as I b Z Xv I
7.a. y = 2x 2 + 4x − 1 as2 b 4 Xv 1

7.b. 1 2
y=
2
x + 2x − 5 a b Z Xv 2

7.c. y = 2x 2 + 5x − 3 a 2 6 5 Xv 1.25

Find a pattern relating xv to a and b . Write down this relationship as a formula.

b
Xv 2A

9. Explain how to find the y − coordinate of the vertex, when you know its x − coordinate.

SUBSTITUTE THE X COORDINATE OF THE VERTEX Xv INTO THE

EQUATION OF THE FUNCTION

S6
10. Factorize the quadratic expressions in Question
a 6b
6. Describe the relationship between the x − intercepts and the
factors of the quadratic expression. Explain why this relationship holds.

6a
Ys X 4 5 X INTERCEPTS WHEN WE LET 4 0 AND USINGTHENULL LAW W
CANSOLVEFORTHE XINTERCEPTSOFTHEQUADRATIC
y
s X t1 X 5 1,0 5,0 Function
fa Xt 1 x 5
6b y x 6 7 X INTERCEPTS 4
1 or X 5
6 b Xt 7 x D 0
7 X l
y showxto find 7,0 1,0 i x 7 or x 1
the y − intercept of any quadratic equation of the form y = ax + bx + c .
2
11. Determine

LET X so
y a o t bG c

y c

THE Y INTERCEPT IS THEVALUE OF C From THESTANDARD FORM

29
OF A QUADRATICFUNCTION y sax't bite
 Diagnostic Assessment
12. [Non calculator] Write down the vertex, equation of the axis of symmetry, the domain and range, and determine
whether the vertex is a minimum or maximum value of the following parabola.

VERTEX 0,4 IS A MINIMUM POINT

EQUATION OFTHEAXIS OFSYMMETRY Xs0
DOMAIN f as as

RANGE 4 as

[Non calculator] Sketch each function—clearly label the vertex, the equation of the axis of symmetry, and the
y–intercept . Write down the domain and range, and determine whether the function has a maximum or minimum
value.

13. y = x − 2x + 4 14. y = −x − 3x + 6
2 2

VERTEX
a
c EFI
EEE3
shL 1,3
uterus
0,6
MINIMUM

v
DOMAIN f as Cas
DOMAIN

RANGE 3 A RANGEC as 343

X I Xs Ez
AXIS OF SYMMETRY AXISOF SYMMETRY
[Non calculator] Rewrite each function in vertex form.

15. y = x − 2x + 9 16. y = −x + 3x − 1
2 2

a L b 2 as 1 b 3

x Fa 1 f I iteration of axis
OFSYMMETRY
Xsl
x bga
1 f I ff.ggiNmefEfx
s 2
SUB X ti
suis x Z 35 3 I l
y 15 2 l t9 y
y 8 y x 15 8 Y ys x Tty
17. [Non calculator] A student graphed the function y = 2x − 4x − 3 . Find and correct the error.
2

a 2 b 4
se ns iie
fi fsyiii IS Xs 1 Not x s l
SUB X ti
y 245 4 I 3
30
iy 5
VERTEX 1 5 Not C 1,3
 Knowledge and Concepts

The standard form of a quadratic function is f ( x ) = ax + bx + c , where a ≠ 0.

2

You can find information about the graph of a quadratic function (such as the vertex) easily form the vertex form. Such
information is “hidden” in standard form. You can find information about the quadratic function f ( x ) = ax + bx + c
2

from the coefficients a and b , and from the constant term c .

31
 [Non calculator] Identify the vertex, the equation of the axis of symmetry, the maximum or minimum value, and the
domain and range of each parabola.

18. y = −x + 2x + 1 19. y = −x − x 20. y = 3x − 4x − 2

2 2 2

as I b 2 as libs I a 3 be 4
2
1 x s I 3
x 261 2 263 3
261
SUB x L
qj z
SUB Z f Ij ft
SUB 3 yszfzj.cl z
y y
y 2 y y log
VERTEX 1,2 MAXIMUM VERTEX 1,4 MAXIMUM VERTEX MINIMUM
EQ AXISOFSYM X EQ AXISOFSYM X EQ AXISOFSYM X 3
DOMAIN iC A DOMAIN iC A Domain Gas
RANGE i C as 2 RANGE i C as RANGE i
[Non calculator] Rewrite each function in vertex form. Identify the vertex, the equation of the axis of symmetry, the
maximum or minimum value, and the domain and range.
9 2 2
21. y = −2x + 8x + 3 22. y = x + x −1
2

4 3
9
as 2 b 8 as 4 be
8 25
262
2 I
269g 27
SUB X 2 SUB
y 265 814
3
iy 9qf t f l
y Il 85g
ys
VERTEX MAXIMUM 2,11 VERTEX 4g 8,5g
EQ AXISOFSYM X Z Ep AXISOFSYM X s 4
DOMAIN GA Domain f as as
27
RANGE i C A Il
RANGE 885g

23. [Calculator] A model for a company’s revenue from selling a software package is R ( p ) = −2.5 p + 500 p ,
2

where p is the price in dollars of the software.

a. Write down what price will maximize revenue.

100

b. Write down the maximum revenue.

25,000

32
 Communication, Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking

24. [Non calculator] Think About a Plan Suppose you work for a packaging company and are designing a box that
has a rectangular bottom with a perimeter of 36 cm. The box must be 4 cm in height. Find the dimensions that
give the maximum volume.
L w.t

TTyh 4cmMxfwiotH 18 X
18 x
Vs 4 118
Cx 4
x
LENGTH SINCE THE Two X INTERCEPTS ARE
LET X BE THEWIDTH o o AND 18,0 THE MAXIMUM
POINT

LENGTH s 36 2x occurs WHEN X 59 THEREFORE

18 X Vm s4 9 18 9 324on
25. [Non calculator] Landscaping A town is planning a playground. It wants to fence in a rectangular space using an
existing wall. Find the greatest area it can fence in using 100 ft of donated fencing.

A L w
s C 100 2b
SINCE THE TWO X INTERCEPTS ARE WHEN I O
OCCURS
AND Ls 50 THE MAXIMUM POINT
WHEN Is 25 THEREFORE

A 25 100 2625
2
A 1,250ft
[Non calculator] For each function, the vertex of the function’s graph is given. Find the unknown coefficients.

26. y = x + bx + c;
2
( 3, − 4) 27. y = ax + 10x + c;
2
( −5, − 27 ) 28. y = c − ax − 2x;
2
( −1, 3)
GIVEN as 1 GIVEN b 10 ax 2x 1 c
y
y x 3 4 b b
x s
X s
Za Za
y 5 6 19 4
5 41 I
x 6 15 2 2C a
y a

Za 2a z
i b 6 5 i as I
i c 4 I
Y C
a

its zz
Ys
x 10 1 25 27
y
5 21 10 2
y
c s z 33