DELL NETWORKING

INTRODUCTION

PARTICIPANT GUIDE

PARTICIPANT GUIDE
 Dell Networking Introduction

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Table of Contents

Dell Networking Introduction 5

Dell Networking Introduction 5

Network Components 6
Hubs 6
Switch 7
Router 8
Firewall and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) 9
Network Topologies 10

Knowledge Check: Network Components and Topologies 14

Question 14
Question 14

OSI and TCP/IP Models 15

OSI Model 15
TCP/IP Model 16
TCP/IP and OSI Models Comparison 17
Sample Protocols 18
Networking Hardware and Their Functions in Different Layers 18

TCP Features 20
Common Port Numbers 20
3-Way Handshake 21
TCP Sequence Numbering 22
TCP Error Recovery 23
TCP Windowing 24
TCP Connection Termination 24
TCP and UDP Headers Comparison 25
Attribute Comparison 26

Knowledge Check: OSI and TCP/IP Models 27

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 Question 27
Question 27

Dell EMC Networking Portfolio 28

Dell EMC Networking Portfolio 28
Dell EMC Networking X-Series Smart-Managed Switches 29
Dell EMC PowerSwitch N-Series 29
Dell EMC PowerSwitch S-Series 30
Dell EMC PowerSwitch Z-Series 31
Dell EMC Virtual Edge Platform 31
Dell Networking C9000 Series Switches 32
Dell EMC PowerEdge M1000e Chassis and Blade Switches 33
Dell EMC PowerEdge MX Platform and Switching Modules 34

Third Party Operating Systems Supported by Dell EMC PowerSwitch Series 35

Open Networking 35
Third Party Operating Systems Supported by Dell EMC PowerSwitch Series 36
Open Networking Install Environment(ONIE) 37
SmartFabric Services 37

Knowledge Check: Dell EMC Networking Portfolio 39

Question 39
Question 39
Summary 39

Summary 40
Summary 40

Appendix - Dell Networking Introduction 41

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 Dell Networking Introduction

Dell Networking Introduction

Dell Networking Introduction

Module Objectives
 Explain the purpose and function of network devices such as
switches and routers
 Explain the Campus and Datacenter topologies
 Explain the operation of the OSI and TCP/IP model
 List the various models of the Dell EMC networking product line
and their features

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 Network Components

Network Components

Hubs

A hub connects multiple systems or other network devices together. Hubs

are considered as a legacy device in modern networks.

Hubs cannot make intelligent decisions on how to direct traffic, they have
no forwarding logic (no IP routing or MAC tables).

Hubs are half-duplex devices. They can either Transmit (Tx) or Receive
(Rx), they cannot send and receive simultaneously.

Hubs simply amplify received electrical signals and broadcasts them to

every device it is connected to.

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 Network Components

Switch

Switches are building blocks for a network that are used for connecting
multiple devices, such as systems, wireless access points, printers, and
servers.

Switches possess forwarding logic. Switches can make intelligent

decisions on how to direct traffic. Traffic is forwarded based on destination
MAC address.

Switches typically implement their forwarding logic in hardware using

ASIC chips which can run at full wire-speed.

Switches can forward traffic efficiently to known addresses.

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 Network Components

Router

Router is a network device that connects two or more packet-switched

networks and can route network packets based on their addresses.

The other uses of router are:

 Connecting different subnetworks

 Connecting branch office to central office
 Provide Internet access.

Routers possess forwarding logic and can make intelligent decisions on

how to direct traffic. Traffic is forwarded based on destination network
addresses contained in a routing table.

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 Network Components

Routers can forward traffic efficiently to known addresses and drop the
traffic for unknown addresses.

Routers act as broadcast boundaries that block broadcast traffic from

interrupting all devices on the network.

Firewall and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)

Firewalls typically block traffic by design and only allow traffic on

exception.

 Firewalls can be deployed in transparent mode or routed mode.

 Firewalls operate both in Layer 3 (packet filtering firewall) and Layer
4(session filtering firewall).
 Layer 3 firewall filter the traffic filter based on source and
destination IP, port, and protocol. (stateless packet inspection)

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 Network Components

 Layer 4 firewalls have the ability to do Layer 3 filtering and also

actively track the network connections, and allow or deny traffic
based on the state of those sessions (stateful packet inspection).
 Stateful firewalls allow incoming connections from the Internet only if a
connection was initially made from inside the network.

IPS devices monitor traffic patterns and block the traffic that is unusual or
traffic that is recognized as a known threat.

 Historically deployed behind firewall separately, but today, the

firewalls have built in IPS functionality.
 Inspect traffic once it crosses the firewall.
 Primary role was to deep inspect traffic and analyze packet to check if
they are malicious.

Network Topologies

Three-Tier Model

The 3-Tier model consists of three categories of switches. They are:

 Core switches

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 Network Components

 Aggregate distribution switches in large campus LANs, providing

high forwarding rates
 Distribution switches
 Provide an aggregation point for access switches, forwarding
frames between switches, but do not connect directly to end-user
devices.
 Access switches

 Provide a connection point(access) for end-user devices. Access

switches do not forward frames between two other access switches
under normal conditions.

Two-Tier Model

The two-tier model has these features:

 Leaf and Spine is the design choice to accommodate Data Center

traffic requirements.
 The two-tier model is considered the best option for small or medium
campus networks and is commonly known as collapsed core
architecture.
 In collapsed core architecture, the core and distribution layers are
combined to simplify the design and reduce the cost.

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 Network Components

 It minimizes East-West latency.

 It is a nonblocking network where all devices are the same number of
hops away.

Underlay and Overlay Networks

The network structure is categorized as:

 An underlay network is a term for the hardware, protocols, and

features required to build network reachability between devices.
 An overlay network is a term to describe the virtual network created on
top of the physical network.

 Overlay networks are often temporary or dynamic in nature. They

exist for a specific time to support a particular business need and
can then be torn down.

On-Premise Services and Cloud-Based Services Comparison

The key difference between On-Premise vs Cloud-Based are listed below:

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 Network Components

 With On-Premise, all resources are physically located on-site.

 IT equipment is owned by organization.
 Local IT are responsible for life-cycle management of IT services.
 With Cloud-Based services, a service provider is responsible for
making the resources available over the Internet.

 IT equipment is owned by the service provider (AWS, Azure, so

on).
 IT equipment is rented by the organization.
 The service provider is responsible for providing continuity of IT
service, maintenance, patch management, backups, and security.

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 Knowledge Check: Network Components and Topologies

Knowledge Check: Network Components and

Topologies

Question

1. A switch forwards traffic based on physical address. True or False

a. True
b. False

Question

2. The two-tier model (leaf-Spine) is suitable for Data Center networking.

True or False
a. True
b. False

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 OSI and TCP/IP Models

OSI and TCP/IP Models

OSI Model

The open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a standard that ensures

compatibility among devices and systems that work together to
communicate and exchange information.

The OSI model divides key network functions into seven distinct
categories that are represented in the form of a layered stack.

Splitting networking functions into layers enables manufacturers to alter

how they implement the functions of a layer without impacting the
operations of other layers.

The layers form a hierarchy and functions are in a logical order. The lower
layers provide services for upper layers, and higher layers complete their

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 OSI and TCP/IP Models

functions by using input from the lower layers. To learn more about each
OSI layer click here.

TCP/IP Model

The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) is a five-

layer model of communication protocols.

TCP and IP are two separate protocols that work together to ensure that
data is delivered to its correct destination within a network.

 IP obtains and defines the IP address of the application or device to

which the data must be sent.
 TCP performs transporting the data through the network and ensures
that the data is delivered to the destination application or device that IP
has defined.

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 OSI and TCP/IP Models

TCP/IP is the most widely used standard that is used by systems to

communicate with each other. To learn more about each TCP/IP layer
click here.

TCP/IP and OSI Models Comparison

TCP/IP and OSI Models Comparison

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 OSI and TCP/IP Models

Sample Protocols

Example Protocols

Networking Hardware and Their Functions in Different

Layers

OSI or Device Icon Forwards Method

TCP/IP Layer

Layer 1 Hub Electrical Amplifies

Physical Signals signals

Layer 2 Data Switch Frames Switches

Link based on
MAC address

Layer 3 Router Packets Routes

Network based on IP
address

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 OSI and TCP/IP Models

Layer 4 Firewall Packets Applies

Transport policies and
rules to block
or allow the
packets

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 TCP Features

TCP Features

Common Port Numbers

The common protocols and their associated port numbers are listed
below:

Port Number Protocol Application

20 TCP FTP data

21 TCP FTP Control

22 TCP SSH

23 TCP Telnet

25 TCP SMTP

53 UDP, TCP DNS

67 and 68 UDP DHCP

69 UDP TFTP

80 TCP HTTP

110 TCP POP3

161 UDP SNMP

443 TCP SSL

1883 TCP MQ TELEMETRY SUPPORT

16384-32767 UDP RTP-based voice and video

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 TCP Features

3-Way Handshake

To enlarge, click the image.

The three-way handshake is the sequence that is used to initialize a TCP

session between a source port and destination port. The three-way
handshake occurs before any other TCP feature starts.

TCP three-way handshake consists of the following steps:

 The client initiates the connection by sending the SYN segment to the
destination.
 The server responds with an SYN-ACK segment to confirm the port
and sequence numbers.
 Client acknowledges the response of the server by sending the
acknowledgment ACK segment. It acknowledges the receipt of the
second segment with the ACK flag.

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 TCP Features

TCP Sequence Numbering

To enlarge, click the image.

The TCP sequence number is used to ensure reliability of transmission for

TCP streams. TCP numbers data bytes using the sequence and
acknowledgment fields in the TCP header.

 The graphics show an example of TCP sequence and

acknowledgment numbers in a TCP flow diagram.
 Forward acknowledgment indicates the next byte to be received. In this
example, 4000 is the next byte to be received.

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 TCP Features

TCP Error Recovery

To enlarge, click the image.

TCP error recovery is used to recover from the error which has occurred
during the transmission.

The sender also sets a retransmission timer, awaiting acknowledgment, in

case the ACK from the client is lost. If the timer expires, the TCP sender
retransmits all the segments again.

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 TCP Features

TCP Windowing

Flow Control Implemented at Layer 4. To enlarge, click the image.

A TCP window is the amount of data a sender can send on a connection

before the receiver sends an acknowledgment. The acknowledgment
indicates that the amount of the data received.

TCP uses a sliding window to adjust the amount if unacknowledged data

that can be sent between TCP peers.

TCP Connection Termination

To enlarge, click the image.

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 TCP Features

The standard process of terminating a TCP connection is carried out using

the FIN flag of TCP header. The termination process enables each side to
release the connection individually.

TCP connection termination takes four segments to terminate a

connection.

 TCP sends FIN segment.

 The other end performs passive close
 Receives the end of file
 Acknowledges the FIN

TCP and UDP Headers Comparison

TCP
Head
er

To enlarge, click the image.

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 TCP Features

UDP
Head
er

To enlarge, click the image.

Attribute Comparison

TCP UDP

A protocol that requires an A protocol that does not require an

exchange of messages before exchange of messages and that does
data transfer begins or that has not require a preestablished correlation
a required preestablished between two endpoints.
correlation between two  Connectionless
endpoints.
 Simpler header
 Connection oriented
 Example: Network File System
 Flow control
 Error recovery
 Ordered data transfer
 Bigger overhead
 Example: VoIP

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 Knowledge Check: OSI and TCP/IP Models

Knowledge Check: OSI and TCP/IP Models

Question

1. Which layer in OSI model establishes, manages, and terminates the

connections between the local and remote application.
a. Physical Layer
b. Data Link Layer
c. Session Layer
d. Application Layer

Question

2. Which protocol is used in Application Layer of OSI model?

a. HTTP
b. PPP
c. IPsec
d. UDP

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 Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

The Dell EMC Networking portfolio enables customers to meet the

demands of modern workloads from the edge to the core to the cloud with
following series of switches:

 X-series
 N-series
 S-series
 Z-series
 C-series
 M-Series

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 Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

Dell EMC Networking X-Series Smart-Managed

Switches

The Dell EMC Networking X-Series is a family of smart managed 1 GbE

and 10 GbE Ethernet switches that are designed for small and medium
businesses.

 Effortless management with intuitive graphical user interface(GUI).

 Save time with streamlined tools, step-by-step wizards, and a
customizable dashboard.
 Works with DNOS 3 technology.
 X-Series Models

Dell EMC PowerSwitch N-Series

The Dell EMC PowerSwitch N-series is a family of energy-efficient and

cost-effective 1 GbE and 10 GbE switches that are designed for
modernizing and scaling network infrastructure(Campus Market).

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 Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

All N-Series models feature autosensing (1Gb/100Mb/10Mb) ports and

runs on OS6 technology.

The different models available under N-Series are:

 N1100-Series Models
 N1500-Series Models
 N2000-Series Models
 N3000-Series Models
 N4000-Series Models

Dell EMC PowerSwitch S-Series

The Dell EMC PowerSwitch S-Series offers a range of modular and fixed
configuration 1/10/40GbE systems that are designed principally for data-
center top-of-rack (ToR) and aggregation applications.

Works with DNOS9 and OS10 operating system and select third-party
operating systems.

Dell EMC PowerSwitch S-Series includes:

 1GBE Switches
 10GBE Switches
 25,40,50,100GbE Switches

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 Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

Dell EMC PowerSwitch Z-Series

Dell EMC PowerSwitch Z-Series of core, aggregation switches provide

optimal flexibility, performance, density, and power efficiency for data
center.

All Z-Series models feature DNOS 9 and OS10 technology.

Z-Series Models

Dell EMC Virtual Edge Platform

Dell EMC Virtual Edge Platform (VEP) empowers you to modernize edge
networking for the cloud applications.

Dell EMC Virtual Edge Platform uses a single, open hardware platform
which makes the user quickly add or remove any number of Virtual
Network Functions - through a centralized, managed offering to ensure
operational efficiency.

VEP Models

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 Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

Dell Networking C9000 Series Switches

The Dell Networking C-Series is a family of chassis-based switches that

are designed to support 1 GbE and 10 GbE switch aggregation for
enterprise campus and business wiring closets.

C-Series also supports 1/10GbE server aggregation and 10/40GbE core

operations, campus connections for data centers.

All C-Series models feature DNOS 9 technology.

Typical usage includes using the C9010 as the network director, together
with C1048P rapid access nodes for managing the network.

C-Series Models

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 Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

Dell EMC PowerEdge M1000e Chassis and Blade

Switches

Dell EMC PowerEdge Modular

System Switches deliver the
network performance, flexibility,
and scalability for modern
workloads and virtualization
environments.

The Dell PowerEdge M1000e

chassis and M-series blade
switches are part of a modular
system.

M1000e chassis is a 10U rack

enclosure that is designed for large-scale businesses and data centers.
The target applications include:

 Front-end applications (web apps/Citrix/terminal services).

 Virtualization, back-end SAN connected applications (Exchange,
database).
 High-Performance Compute Cluster and compute grid environments.

The various switch models under M-series are:

 1/10Gb Ethernet Blade Switches

 10/40Gb Ethernet Blade Switches
 Fibre Channel and InfiniBand Blade Switches

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 Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

Dell EMC PowerEdge MX Platform and Switching

Modules

Dell EMC PowerEdge MX Platform is the next-generation modular

platform that brings together compute, storage and networking under a
single management umbrella.

Lower overall costs and network management complexity while

maximizing the nonstop connectivity needs of today’s demanding data
centers.

The rear of the chassis provides six slots for network switches.

There are four different models to choose and makes them perfect fit for
business needs of all sizes. The portfolio includes:

PowerEdge MX7000 Chassis

MX5108n Ethernet Switch

MX9116n Fabric Switching Engine

MX7116n Fabric Expander Module

DELL EMC MXG610S Fibre Channel Switch

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 Third Party Operating Systems Supported by Dell EMC PowerSwitch
Series

Third Party Operating Systems Supported by Dell

EMC PowerSwitch Series

Open Networking

Open Networking involves separating or disaggregated hardware and

software.

Open Networking introduces more choices and options for customers

when building their network solutions.

Previously purchasing a model of switch would have determined the

network operating system being used. With Open Networking, it is
possible to purchase the network switch from Dell and the network
operating system from a third party.

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 Third Party Operating Systems Supported by Dell EMC PowerSwitch
Series
Third Party Operating Systems Supported by Dell EMC
PowerSwitch Series

SONiC and Cumulus operating systems are discussed in subsequent

slides.

Switch Light is a Linux-based, thin switching software solution that

provides consistent data plane programming abstractions across
merchant silicon-based physical switches and hypervisor vSwitches.
Switch Light can be installed on various physical switch platforms. Switch
Light comes in two flavors Switch Light operating system and Switch Light
vSwitch. Switch Light operating system dramatically reduces the cost of
network operations and eliminates time-consuming, manual procedures
with help of central provisioning, automation, and troubleshooting.

Developer Instructions

The list of third-party operating systems that are supported by Dell EMC
PowerSwitch series is:

 SONiC - Open Source Networking Operating System (NOS) based on

Linux
 Cumulus operating system- Full-featured Linux operating system from
Cumulus

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 Third Party Operating Systems Supported by Dell EMC PowerSwitch
Series
 Switch Light operating system from Big Switch Networks.
 ZebOS network software platform from IP Infusion
 Netvisor operating system from Pruritus Networks
 Enterprise MidoNet platform from Midokura

Open Networking Install Environment(ONIE)

ONIE (Open
Networking Install
Environment) is an
open-source platform
that can be used to
install network
operating systems.

 It is based on a
streamlined Linux
operating system.
 Primary role of
ONIE is as a
Network operating
system Installer.
 It provides access
to the switch OOB
network port (eth0) and USB port.
 ONIE is preinstalled on Dell “-ON” switches.

SmartFabric Services

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 Third Party Operating Systems Supported by Dell EMC PowerSwitch
Series

SmartFabric Services (SFS) are included with OS10. With SFS,

customers can quickly deploy and automate data center fabrics.

Network Management moves from per-box to per-fabric.

OS10 switches can operate in Full-Switch mode or in SFS mode. When

SFS is enabled, its UI can be used to display and configure the network
fabric.

SFS can be used to deploy Leaf-Spine topologies .

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 Knowledge Check: Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

Knowledge Check: Dell EMC Networking Portfolio

Question

1. Which series of Dell EMC PowerSwitch is designed for campus

networking?
a. S-Series
b. N-Series
c. Z-Series
d. X-Series

Question

2. The primary function of ONIE is to install network operating systems.

True or False
a. True
b. False

Summary

In this module, we

 Identified the components of a network

 Outlined different network topologies
 Reviewed the OSI and TCP/IP networking models
 Compared the features of TCP and UDP
 Reviewed the Dell EMC networking portfolio

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 Summary

Summary

Summary

In this module, we

 Outlined Ethernet cable types

 Explained cabling options and cable pin-outs
 Described collision and broadcast domains
 Reviewed the forwarding logic used by switches

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Appendix - Dell Networking Introduction

Hub Example

The image shows a topology with five PCs connected with a hub and a
switch. A frame sent by PC-D to PC-E would be received by PC-E and the
switch. The frame that is received by the switch is received by all the PCs
connected to the switch. (PC-A, B & C.)

Switch Operation

When a device is connected to a switch, the switch stores the physical

address in its memory. The physical address is a unique identifier for each
device. When a device sends a packet to another device, the switch reads
its frame header and compares it with a list of addresses that are stored in
memory to determine the destination device and corresponding port. Once

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 Appendix - Dell Networking Introduction

the exact port is determined the switch sends the packet through the
appropriate ports to the destination device.

This image shows a topology that includes five PCs, a switch, and a hub.
In this example, a frame that is sent by PC-A to PC-C would be received
by both PC-C only. The switch does not forward the frame to the hub.
Hence PC-D and PC-E will not receive the frame that is sent by PC-A.

Stateful Firewalls Mode

The image here shows stateful operation of the firewall. Joe wants to
connect to the Internet to watch a YouTube video. The firewall allows
YouTube traffic into your private network since this is a reply to request
from Joe.

To configure a stateful firewall:

 Configure the interface pointing to Internet as trust level 0 (not trusted).

 Configure the interface pointing to internal network as trust level 100
(trusted).

Underlay Networks
The underlay is a physical network that delivers the data between different
portions of the overlay network. It provides access between different
customer locations, but keeps the data separate between different
customers.

 An underlay network was built using the 3-Tier Model (Access,

Distribution, and Core).

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 Appendix - Dell Networking Introduction

 An Underlay network that is seen as the underlying physical links that

exist in your network environment
 Some examples of an underlay network are: BGP leaf-spine and
MPLS.

Overlay Networks
IT has used multitenancy and virtualization to become more efficient and
scalable to meet the demands of customers. These virtualized networks
are typically flexible, as new virtualized applications, servers, and
networks are added, deleted, and modified at a brisk pace. This virtual
network is called an overlay network. The services that are offered to
customers and end users generally exist in the overlay network.

 Overlay Network is typically created using VRF, MPLS-VPN, or VxLAN

technology.
 Some examples of an overlay network are: VMware NSX-T, VMware
NSX-V, and Hyper-V.

OSI Layers
The tabs describe the functions of each layer of the OSI model. To learn
more, click each tab:

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 Appendix - Dell Networking Introduction

Physical

Layer 1 Physical Layer - Defines the standards for the physical media that
connect systems (cables, wireless, and so on) the equipment that is used
to connect systems to the media (Network Interface Cards, or NICs) and
the electrical signaling used as the form of communication.

Data Link

Layer 2 Data Link Layer - Provides the functional and procedural means to
transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct
errors that may occur in the Physical Layer. The Data Link Layer is
responsible for the unique identification of each device that resides on a
local network.

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 Appendix - Dell Networking Introduction

Network

Layer 3 Network Layer - Provides the function and procedural means of

transferring variable length data sequences from a source to destination
by one or more networks by routing. Here also lies the responsibility for
maintaining the quality of service that is requested by the Transport Layer.
The Internet Protocol, are IP operates at this layer.

Transport

Layer 4 Transport Layer - Provides transparent transfer of data between

end users. A protocol can be included at this layer to provide reliable data
transfer services to the upper layers. This is known as quality of service.
The protocol that is typically applied is the Transmission Control Protocol,
or TCP. Other protocols can be used at this layer. The next most popular
protocol is the User Datagram Protocol, or UDP.

Session

Layer 5 Session Layer - Controls the connections between systems. It

establishes, manages, and terminates the connections between the local
and remote application.

Presentation

Layer 6 Presentation Layer - Establishes a context between the

Application layer entities in which the high-layer entities can use different
syntax and semantics. It acts as a data translator for a network that
converts the data from one presentation format to another format.

Application

Layer 7 Application Layer - The layer closest to the end user, this layer is
the interface between the networked user data and the user application on
the device.

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 Appendix - Dell Networking Introduction

TCP/IP Layers
The tabs describe the functions of each layer of the TCP/IP model. To
learn more, click each tab:

Physical Layer

The physical layer specifies the characteristics of the hardware to be used

for the network. The physical layer is responsible for encoding the data for
transmission to the destination device and the transmission rate. The
physical layer transmits the data either electrically, optically or as radio
waves.

Data Link Layer

Provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between

network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in
the Physical Layer. This is the layer where connection between devices in
a network is ensured through switches. Data link layer uses Ethernet
Protocol to efficiently send data packets(Ethernet frames). The datalink

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 Appendix - Dell Networking Introduction

layer uses MAC addresses to identify the source and destination devices.
Ethernet protocol verifies the identity of the device (MAC address-
Hardware address) before sending the data packets to the destination
device.

Network Layer

The network layer is responsible moving data from one network to another
network. The routing function is associated with network Layer. The
network layer uses Internet Protocol (IP) to find the correct network where
the destination device is present through routers which connect the
networks.

Transport Layer

The transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and

error-free delivery of data across the network. The transport protocols
include:
 Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Since TCP is connection-oriented, it is more reliable and is responsible for

sequencing and acknowledgment of packets that are sent and recovery of
packets lost. UDP is connectionless and is used if an application does not
require reliable transport.

Application Layer

The application layer provides applications the ability to access services of

the other layers. This layer defines the protocols that applications use to
exchange data.
Most common protocols include:
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

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Comparison of TCP/IP Model with OSI Model

In a layered network model, both data and protocol information for a layer
is packaged in a Protocol Data Unit or PDU. The protocol information for
the layer is put in a header, and the header is attached to the front of the
data. The entire PDU is passed down to the next layer. Again, protocol
information for the layer is put into a header and attached at the beginning
of the data to form a PDU for that layer. This new PDU is passed to the
next below layer.

The information size grows as it is encapsulated and passed from layer to

layer. After reaching the bottom layer, the final PDU is ready to exit onto
the network media. All data is encoded onto a serial bit stream and is
placed onto the media as electrical or optical on and off pulses.

The reverse process happens at the receiving device. The data comes in
through Layer 1 and is passed up to Layer 2. Layer 2 removes the Layer 2
header and parses the Layer 2 protocol information. The remaining
information is sent up to Layer 3, where the Layer 3 header is removed
and the Layer 3 protocol information is parsed. This procedure continues
up the stack. Each source layer in this network model communicates
logically with the same layer in the destination device.

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In the TCP/IP model, the Layer 4 PDU is called a TCP segment. The
Layer 3 PDU is called an IP packet, and the Layer 2 PDU is called an
Ethernet frame. Layer 1 is always data bits. The header has layer-specific
information like addressing, formatting, and various switches and flags.

Transmitters and receivers use the OSI in the same way. The sender
nests PDUs on the way to the network and the receiver decapsulates
them and passes them through its own OSI stack.

The following table shows the comparison between OSI and TCP/IP
Model.

OSI Model TCP/IP Model

The OSI is typically thought of The TCP/IP model is the implementation

a conceptual model that is of the OSI model that is originally
used to describe, discuss, and designed to solve several problems and
understand individual functions not to act as a description.
of the network.

The model was developed first The protocols were developed first, and
and then the protocols in each then the model was developed.
layer were developed.

The transport layer guarantees The transport layer does not guarantees
the delivery of packets. delivery of packets.

OSI model provides both TCP/IP model network layer only

connection less and provides connection fewer services.
connection-oriented services.

Example Protocols
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is an application-layer
protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML. HTTP is
designed for communication between web browsers and web servers.

POP (Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3): The POP3 enables an email client
to download an email from an email server

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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP): The SMTP protocol is used by

the Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) to deliver an e-Mail to the recipient's mail
server. The SMTP protocol is only used to send email messages, not to
receive them.

Remote Operation Service Element(ROSE): ROSE is a protocol that

provides remote operation capabilities that enable an application to invoke
an operation to be performed by a remote peer application and to receive
a report of the results.

Remote Database Access(RDA): The RDA is a communications protocol

for remote database access that provides standard protocols for
establishing a remote connection between a database client and a
database server.

Network Basic Input/Output System(NetBIOS): NetBIOS Protocol

enables applications on separate systems to communicate over a local
area network (LAN). NetBIOS runs over TCP/IP giving each device in the
network a NetBIOS name and IP address. It provides session and
transport services as described in OSI model.

Remote Procedure Call (RPC): RPC is a protocol that one program can
use to request a service from a program that is located in another system
on a network without having to understand the network's details. RPC is
used to call other processes on the remote systems like a local system.

User Datagram Protocol(UDP): The UDP, is a communication protocol

that is used across the Internet for the real-time services like system
gaming, voice, or video communication, live conferences. It speeds up
communications by not formally establishing a connection before data is
transferred. UDP permits packets to be dropped instead of processing
delayed packets. There is no error checking in UDP and it also save
bandwidth.

Internetwork Packet Exchange(IPX): The IPX is a networking protocol

that provides packet switching and sequencing for small and large
networks. IPX was designed as an alternative to TCP/IP.

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security): IPsec is a suite of protocols and

algorithms that are used for securing the data that is transmitted over
Internet or any public network. IPsec provides security for routers sending

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routing data across the public Internet. IPsec ensures the integrity,
confidentiality, and authentication of data communications over an IP
network.

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP): PPP is a communication protocol that

resides in the Data Link Layer and used to transmit multiprotocol data
between two directly connected (point-to-point) systems.

Termination - Four Steps

TCP Connection Termination

Handshake-1

The TCP connection termination segment uses four-way handshake. The

sender and receiver side terminates the connection independently. In this
example,

The client sends a FIN bit.

Handshake-
2

The server end acknowledges with an ACK bit. A pair of FIN and ACK bits
are required from both of the TCP endpoints to perform the graceful
termination. After the server's acknowledgment, the server will no longer
accept the data form the client.

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Handshake-
3

The server terminates the connection by transmitting the FIN bit and the
total sequence.

Handshake-
4

The client acknowledges the server's request and terminates the

connection.

X-Series Models

X1008 X1018 X1026 X1052 X4012

Series Series Series Series Series

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- Eight 1Gb - 18 1Gb - 26 1Gb - 52 1Gb - 12 10Gb

Ports Ports Ports Ports Ports
- No SFP - Two SFP - Two SFP - Four - 12
Ports Ports Ports SFP/SFP+ SFP/SFP+
- Up to 16 - Up to 36 - Up to 52 Ports Ports
Gbps fabric Gbps fabric Gbps fabric - Up to 176 - Up to 240
capacity capacity capacity Gbps fabric Gbps fabric
- X1008P - X1018P - X1026P capacity capacity
offers offers offers - X1052P - High-speed
optional optional optional PoE offers server
PoE. PoE. and PoE+. optional PoE connect or
and PoE+. networking
aggregation

N1100 Series Models

Dell EMC Dell EMC PowerSwitch Dell EMC PowerSwitch

PowerSwitch N1124T-ON N1148T-ON
N1108T-ON

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- 8x - 24x 10/100/1000Mbps - 48x 10/100/1000Mbps

10/100/1000Mbp half/full duplex RJ45 port half/full duplex RJ45 ports
s half/full duplex - 4x SFP/SFP+ 1/10GbE - 4x SFP/SFP+ 1/10GbE
RJ45 ports plus port ports
2x GbE RJ45 - Dell EMC PowerSwitch - Dell EMC PowerSwitch
and 2x GbE SFP N1124P-ON offers 12x N1148T-ON offers24x
interfaces. PoE/PoE+ ports. PoE/PoE+ ports
- Dell EMC
PowerSwitch
N1108EP-ON
offers 8x
PoE/PoE+ RJ45
ports.

N1500 Series Models

Dell EMC PowerSwitch N1524 Dell EMC PowerSwitch N1548

- 24 RJ45 10/100/1000Mb - 48 RJ45 10/100/1000Mb

autosensing ports autosensing ports
- Up to 128 Gbps fabric capacity - Up to 176 Gbps fabric capacity
-Dell EMC PowerSwitch N1524P -Dell EMC PowerSwitch N1548P
offers optional PoE. offers optional PoE.

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N2000 Series Models

Dell EMC Dell EMC Dell EMC

PowerSwitch N2024 PowerSwitch N2048 PowerSwitch
N2128PX-ON

- 24 RJ45 - 48 RJ45 - 24 RJ45

10/100/1000Mb 10/100/1000Mb 10/100/1000Mb
autosensing ports autosensing ports autosensing ports
- Up to 172 Gbps fabric - Up to 220 Gbps fabric PoE+ + 4 x
capacity capacity 100/1000/2.5G/5G
- Dell EMC -Dell EMC (PoE) + 2 x 10 Gigabit
PowerSwitch PowerSwitch N2048P SFP+
N2024Poffers optional offers optional PoE. -Up to 192 Gbps fabric
PoE capacity
- N2128PX-ON offers
PoE and PoE+

N3000 Series Models

Dell EMC Dell EMC Dell EMC

PowerSwitch PowerSwitch PowerSwitch
N3024ET-ON N3048EP-ON N3132PX-ON

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- 24 1GbE RJ45 Ports - 12 RJ45 - 24 RJ45

- Up to 212 Gbps fabric 10/100/1000Mb 10/100/1000Mb
capacity autosensing PoE 60 W autosensing PoE 60 W
- Dell EMC ports + 36 RJ45 ports + Eight RJ45
PowerSwitch 10/100/1000Mb 10/100/1000/2500/500
N3024EP-ON offers 12 autosensing PoE+ 0Mb autosensing PoE
RJ45 10/100/1000Mb ports 60 W ports- Four
autosensing PoE 60 W - Up to 260 Gbps fabric integrated 10 GbE
ports + 12 RJ45 capacity SFP+ ports
10/100/1000Mb - Up to 328 Gbps fabric
autosensing PoE+ capacity
ports.
- Dell EMC
PowerSwitch
N3024EF-ON offers 24
SFP 1000 Mb
autosensing ports.

Dell EMC PowerSwitch Dell EMC PowerSwitch

N4032/N4032F N4064/N4064F

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- 24 10GbE RJ45/10GbE SFP+ - 48 10GbE RJ45/48 10GbE

autosensing (10Gb/1Gb) fixed ports SFP+ autosensing (10Gb/1Gb)
-Up to 32 10GbE ports using fixed ports
breakout cables and optional - Up to 64 10GbE ports using
QSFP+ module breakout cables, integrated QSFP+
- One hot swap expansion module ports and optional QSFP+ module
bay Two 40GbE QSFP+ fixed ports
- Dual hot-swappable redundant One hot swap expansion module
power supplies (460 W) bay
Dual hot-swappable redundant
power supplies (460 W)

1GBE Models
Dell EMC PowerSwitch S Series 1 GbE switches are optimized for high-
performance data-center environments:
 Deliver low-latency, superb performance, and high density with
hardware and software redundancy.
 Offer Active Fabric designs using S- or Z-Series core switches to
create a two-tier, 1/10/40 GbE data-center network architecture.
 Provide ideal solutions for ToR applications in enterprise, Web 2.0, and
cloud service providers’ data-center networks.

Dell EMC PowerSwitch 3048-ON Dell EMC PowerSwitch S3100

series

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- Dell EMC PowerSwitch S3124:

- 48 x 1000BASE-T, 4 x SFP+, 1 x 24x RJ45 10/100/1000Mb
AC - Dell EMC PowerSwitch S3124F:
24x 1000-SX (up to 500 m distance)
or 1000-LX (up to 10 km distance)
SFP GbE ports
- Dell EMC PowerSwitch S3124P:
24x RJ45 10/100/1000Mb PoE+
- Dell EMC PowerSwitch S3148:
48x RJ45 10/100/1000Mb
- Dell EMC PowerSwitch S3148P:
48x RJ45 10/100/1000Mb PoE+

10GBE Models
Deploy modern workloads and applications that are designed for the open
networking era with an optimized data-center top-of-rack (ToR) networking
solution that:
 Includes the 10GbE S4000-ON Series and S4100-ON Series switches,
1/10G BASE-T S4048T-ON, S4128T-ON and S4148T-ON switches,
and 10GbE S4148FE, S4248FB-ON, and S4248FLB-ON switch
 The S4148U-ON has Fibre Channel ports for connections to Storage
Area Networks.
 Delivers low-latency, superb performance, and high density with
hardware and software redundancy
 Offers Active Fabric designs using S- or Z-Series core switches to
create a two-tier, 1/10/40 GbE data center network architecture.
 Provides an ideal solution for applications in high-performance data-
center and computing environments.

Dell EMC PowerSwitch Dell EMC Dell EMC PowerSwitch

S4048-ON PowerSwitch S4200-ON
S4100-ON

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- Available in 12, - 40x 10 GbE SFP+, 2x

- 48x 10 GbE SFP+, 6x 28, and 48-port QSFP+, 6x 100 GbE
QSFP+ versions. QSFP28
- Up to 720 Gbps - Dell EMC - Available in both I/O
performance PowerSwitch Panel to PSU Airflow
- Dell EMC PowerSwitch S4112F-ON and PSU to I/O Panel
S4048T-ON supports 48 x supports 12 x 10 models
10GBase-T ports, 6 x 40 GbE ports and 3 x - Dell EMC
GbE ports. 100 GbE ports. PowerSwitch
- Dell EMC S4248FB-ON with deep
PowerSwitch buffers for optimum
S4112F-ON performance and
supports 12 x 10 connectivity
GbE ports and 3 x -Dell EMC
100 GbE ports. PowerSwitch
- Dell EMC S4248FBL-ON with
PowerSwitch deep buffers and large
S4112T-ON tables for optimum
supports 12 x performance and low-
10GBase-T ports cost WAN and SDN
and 3 x 100 GbE connectivity.
ports.
- Dell EMC
PowerSwitch
S4128F-ON
supports 28 x 10
GbE SFP+ ports
and 2 x 100 GbE
QSFP28 ports.
- Dell EMC
PowerSwitch
S4128T-ON
supports 28 x
10GBase-T ports,
2 x 40 GbE
QSFP+ ports, 2 x
100 GbE QFSP28
ports.
- Dell EMC
PowerSwitch
Dell S4148T-ON
Networking Introduction

© Copyright 2023 Dell Inc

supports 48 x Page 60
10GBase-T ports,
 Appendix - Dell Networking Introduction

25,40,50,100GbE Models
Gain the flexibility to transform data centers with high-capacity network
fabrics that are easy to deploy, cost-effective, and provide a clear path to
a software-defined data center. They offer:
 High density for 40 GbE deployments in ToR, middle-of-row, and
end-of-row deployments
 A choice of S6000-ON and S6010-ON 40 GbE switches and the
S6100-ON 10/25/40/50/100GbE modular switch
 S6100-ON modules that include: 16-port 40GbE QSFP+; 8-port
100GbE QSFP28; combo module with four 100GbE CXP ports and
four 100GbE QSFP28 ports
 An ideal solution for modern workloads and applications that are
designed for the open networking era

Dell EMC Dell EMC Dell EMC Dell EMC

PowerSwi PowerSwit PowerSwitch S6010- PowerSwitch S6100-
tch ch ON ON
S5048F- S5148F-
ON ON

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- 48x 25 - 48x 25 - 32-Port 40G QSFP+ - 32-port 100G QSFP+

GbE GbE SFP+, Ports - Available in both I/O
SFP+, 6x 6x 100 - Available in both I/O Panel to PSU Airflow
100 GbE GbE Panel to PSU Airflow and PSU to I/O Panel
QSFP28 QSFP28 and PSU to I/O Panel models
- Available - Available models
in both I/O in both I/O
Panel to Panel to
PSU PSU
Airflow Airflow and
and PSU PSU to I/O
to I/O Panel
Panel models
models

Dell EMC Dell EMC Dell EMC Dell EMC

PowerSwi PowerSwit PowerSwitch PowerSwitch
tch ch S5232F-ON S5224F-ON
S5248F- S5296F-
ON ON

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Provide Double the Build a high- Optimize connectivity,

optimum number of performance, cost- cost, and performance
flexibility direct 25 efficient data center with this ToR switch.
and cost- GbE ports leaf/spine fabric with Features include 24 x
effectivene with this this spine fabric 25 GbE SFP28 ports
ss for ToR switch. and 4 x 100 GbE
demandin switch. Features include 32 x QSFP28 ports.
g compute Features 100 GbE QSFP28
and include 96 ports.
storage x 25 GbE
traffic SFP28
environme ports and 8
nts with x 100 GbE
this ToR QSFP28
switch. ports.
Features
include 48
x 25 GbE
SFP28
ports, 4 x
100 GbE
QSFP28
ports and
2 x 100
GbE
QFSP28-
DD ports.

Z-Series Models

Developer Instructions

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Dell EMC Power Switch Z9100-ON Dell EMC Power Switch

Multirate Fabric Switch Z9264F-ON Multirate Fabric
Switch

- Open networking, SDN-ready fixed - High-performance, high-

form factor switch density open networking 100
- Built for applications in high- GbE multirate switch
performance data centers and modern - Optimized for nonblocking 100
computing environment GbE leaf/spine fabrics and high-
- High density with up to 32 ports of 100 density 25/50GbE in-rack
GbE in 1RU server and storage connections
- Multirate switch offering - 2RU high-density 100 GbE
10/25/40/50/100GbE options fabric switch with up to 64 ports
- Choice of leading network operating of 100 GbE QSFP28 or up to
systems to simplify data center fabric 128 ports of 1/10/25/40/50GbE
orchestration and automation ports

VEP Product Line Portfolio Overview

Two VEP models

VEP1400 VEP4600

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Front

Front

Back

Back

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 Up to  Up to 16 Core
16  Short depth
Core
 6+ GbE—all DPDK supported
 Fan
less  Internal SSD up to 1024G

 6+  DDR4 ECC memory

GbE—  PCIe for upgradability
all
 WiFi and LTE options using USB
Intel®
Data
Plane
Develo
pment
Kit
(DPDK
)
support
ed
 Internal
SSD
up to
128G
 DDR4
ECC
memor
y
 WiFi
and
LTE
options

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C-Series Models

Dell Networking C9010. Dell Networking C1048P

- 10-slot network director capable of - 48 1GbE PoE+ capable rapid

holding C9000 24-port or 6-port line access node
cards - Two SFP+ ports
- Provides centralized management - Two stacking ports
and redundant infrastructure - One integrated 1000 W power
services to the line cards (such as supply
PSU, fans so on)
- One Route Processor
Module(RPM), one AC PSU, three
fans
- Hot-swappable fan, RPM, line
card, and power supplies

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1/10Gb Ethernet Blade Switches

Models Features

Dell Networking 1 Gb -1.0 Gbit/sec line speed with backward

Ethernet Pass-Through compatibility to 100 and 10 Mbit/sec line
speed
-Ethernet connectivity of Dell server with
the Gigabit Ethernet Pass-Through
Module

Dell Networking M6348 -1Gb Ethernet switch with up to 48 ports

Ethernet Blade Switch (32 internal), stacking of up to 12
modules, simple mode, and 16 external
fixed 10/100/1000Mb Ethernet RJ45 ports
to support 32 internal server
GbEconnections supplied by quad-port
Gigabit Ethernet adapters plus up to four
10Gb uplink ports.
-Used in data centers deploying blade
servers requiring fewer switch modules
with increased server networking ports.

For more information, Click Here.

10/40Gb Ethernet Blade Switches

Models Features

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Dell Networking 10 Gb Basic Switch -Unified fabric

(PowerConnect M8024-K) deployments, such as
converged Ethernet
environments
supporting
virtualization, iSCSI
storage, and 10 Gb
traffic aggregation.
-Converged 1/10Gb
Ethernet switch with
up to 24-10GE ports
(16 internal),
converged FCoE
(transit to ToR),
stacking of up to six
modules, FlexIO
technology, and
simple mode.

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Dell Networking MXL 10/40GbE blade switch -Virtualization benefits

in M1000e blade
deployments plus
more bandwidth to
critical network links
with Dell Networking
MXL 10/40GbE
switch.
-Converged
1/10/40Gb Ethernet
switch with up to 56-
10GE ports (32
internal), converged
iSCSI and FCoE
(transit to ToR), 320
Gb stacking of up to
six switches, FlexIO
technology, and
PVST+ industry
standard spanning
tree. 32 internal 10GE
ports.

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Cisco Nexus B22DELL Blade Fabric Extender -The Cisco Nexus®

B22DELL Fabric
Extenders behave as
remote line cards for a
parent Cisco Nexus®
5000 switch.
-16 internal 10 GbE
ports and 8 external
10 GbE ports;
provides 10 GbE
connectivity to Cisco
Nexus 5500 series
infrastructure.
-Ease the
commissioning and
decommissioning of
blades through a
single point of
management, zero-
touch installation and
automatic
configuration of fabric
extenders.

10 Gb Ethernet Pass-Through I-O Module for M- -10 GbE Pass-

Series Blades Through module for
Dell M-Series blades
Connecting to XAUI-
based 10 GbE
mezzanine cards (10
Gb Ethernet Pass-
Through II) and KR-
based 10 GbE
mezzanine cards.

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Dell PowerEdge M I/O Aggregator -Simplifies network

management and
increase server
bandwidth enabling
easy, plug-and-play
data center
convergence.
-Supports Active
System Manager and
CMC Aggregator UI.
1/10 Gb Ethernet
connectivity with Zero
touch FCoE and
converged iSCSI
deployment. 32
internal 10GE ports.

FN I/O Module for FX2 Chassis -Simplifies FX2

cabling and enhance
converged I/O and
Fibre Channel
capabilities for the FX
architecture with
added full Layer 2/3
switch mode.

For more information, Click Here.

Fibre Channel and InfiniBand Blade Switches

Models Features

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Brocade M6505 Fibre Channel -16 Gbps Fibre Channel connectivity

Switch across servers, storage, and SAN as
needed, without increasing the
existing data center footprint.

Dell 8-4 Gbps FC Pass-Through -8/4Gbps Fiber Channel Pass-

Module Through Module for M1000e Blade
Enclosure.

Mellanox InfiniBand blade -High bandwidth and low latency

switches across InfiniBand-connected server
nodes in M1000e blade chassis high-
performance computing (HPC)
cluster.

For more information, Click Here.

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PowerEdge MX7000 Chassis Features

The features of the MX7000 chassis are:

 Hosts flexible blocks of server and storage resources while providing

outstanding efficiencies through shared power, cooling, networking,
I/O, and management within the chassis itself.
 7U modular enclosure has 8 front-accessible, single-width bays that
accommodate variety of compute and storage sleds.
 The rear of the chassis provides six slots for network switches.
 Support for at least three-server processor microarchitecture
generations and ready for 400 Gb Ethernet and beyond.
 Support for 3 I/O fabrics A, B, and C, each with redundant modules. A
and B fabrics are reserved for switches, C fabric for storage.

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 There are no internal cables or midplane for Fabric A or B. Blade

Servers connect directly into the Fabric switches in the rear

 Population rules about what types of switches can co-habit in a chassis

is available in product specifications.
 Multiple FEMs (Fabric Expansion Modules) can be connected to a
single FSE (Fabric Switching Engine). This enables for centralized and
standard network configuration across multiple chassis units.

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Dell EMC Networking MX5108n Ethernet Switch

The Dell EMC Networking MX5108n Ethernet Switch is a high-

performance, low latency single chassis 25 Gbps Ethernet switch
purpose-built for the PowerEdge™ MX platform providing enhanced
capabilities and cost-effectiveness for enterprise and mid-market
environments with traditional compute traffic environments.

The nonblocking switching architecture in the MX5108n provides line-rate

25 GbE L2 and L3 forwarding capacity with no oversubscription and a sub
800 ns latency.

 Switch layout
– 8 x 25 GbE server facing ports
– 1 x 40 GbE port
– 2 x 100 GbE ports
– 4 x 10GBase-T ports
 Dell EMC Networking OS10
 Supports Open Networking, Full Switch, and SmartFabric operating
modes

MX9116n Fabric Switching Engine

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The Dell EMC Networking MX9116n Fabric Switching Engine is a

scalable, high-performance, low latency 25 Gbps Ethernet switch purpose-
built for the PowerEdge™ MX platform providing enhanced capabilities
and cost-effectiveness for the enterprise, mid-market, Tier 2 cloud and
NFV service providers with demanding compute and storage traffic
environments.

Starting at two chassis, the MX9116n can scale to 10 chassis in a scalable

fabric, and then to dozens as part of a Spine/Leaf fabric.

The nonblocking switching architecture in the MX9116n provides line-rate

25 GbE L2 and L3 forwarding capacity to all connected servers with no
oversubscription and a sub 450 ns latency.

 Switch layout
– 16 x 25 GbE server-facing ports
– 12 x Fabric Expansion ports
– 2 x 100 GbE ports
– 2 x 100GbE/8 x 32G FC unified ports
 Dell EMC Networking OS10

MX7116n Fabric Expander Module

The Dell EMC Networking MX7116n Fabric Expander Module is a key

component in the MX Scalable Fabric Architecture. The MX7116n extends
the capabilities of the MX9116n Fabric Switching Engine to a total of ten
MX7000 chassis, and 80 PowerEdge MX compute sleds.

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The MX7116n extends that capability to additional MX7000 chassis,

adding less than 75 ns of latency for a total of less than 600 ns latency
between any two compute sleds in a Scalable Fabric.

The MX7116n does not run an operating system or have firmware that
requires frequent updating to keep “synchronized” with the Fabric
Switching Engine. It is transparently managed by the MX7000
infrastructure and does not require user configuration.

 Module layout
– 16 x 25 GbE server facing ports
– Two Fabric Expansion ports
 No switch operating system

Dell EMC MXG610S Fibre Channel Switch

The Dell EMC Networking MXG610s 32G Fibre Channel I/O Module for
the PowerEdge MX7000 is the right choice for mission-critical applications
accessing data on external storage.

 Provides industry-leading performance with the latest generation of

Fibre Channel.
 Empowers enterprises to dynamically scale connectivity and bandwidth
with Ports-on-Demand (PoD).
 Provides consolidated management for an agile management structure
and simplified server and storage connectivity.

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The MXG610s comes in three models to meet the specific needs of

organizations: 8-port, 16-port, and 16-port enterprise licensed models.

 Module layout

– 16 external ports supporting 8 Gbps, 16 Gbps, and 32 Gbps

speeds using eight SFPs and two QSFPs.
– 16 internal ports supporting 16 Gbps and 32 Gbps speeds

Open Networking SONiC

SONiC is an open-source network operating system that is based on
Debian Linux that runs on switches from multiple vendors. SONiC offers a
full feature set that has been in use in the data centers of some of the
largest cloud service providers. Since it is open-source, SONiC helps
users leverage the collective strength and take advantage of the vast
ecosystem and community.

SONiC is designed with networking software components to meet the

requirements of a cloud data center. SONiC is built on top of the Switch
Abstraction Interface (SAI) layer, which defines a standardized Application
Programming Interface (API) for Network Processing Units (NPUs).
Network hardware companies can use SONiC to rapidly develop
innovative hardware platforms using the programming interface to the
ASIC (ASIC). As multiple vendors now support this API, SONiC can work
across various ASIC platforms naturally.

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SONiC is an open-source network operating system that is based on

Debian Linux that runs on switches from multiple vendors. Operators can
plug in new third-party, proprietary, or open-sourced software
components, with minimum effort, and tailor SONiC to their specific needs.

Benefits of SONiC are:

 Hardware independence
 Scales with ease.
 Open-source
 High performance
 Agility with a flexible management framework

Enterprise SONiC Distribution based on SONiC is an offering from Dell

Technologies. Enterprise SONiC Distribution helps IT organizations to run
their business with the innovation, automation, and reliability that comes
from a commercial offering of SONiC with production-ready enterprise
feature enhancements, hardening, and global support targeted for
demanding data center leaf and spine fabrics.

The following switch models are

Supported in version SONiC-OS-3.2.

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Dell EMC Model Role Interfaces

PowerSwitch Number
Series

PowerSwitch S S5212F-ON, Leaf 25 GbE

series: S5224F-ON,
S5248F-ON,
S5296F-ON

S5232F-ON Leaf or Spine 100 GbE

PowerSwitch Z Z9264F-ON Spine 100 GbE

series:
Z9100-ON Spine 100 GbE

Z9332F-ON Spine 400 GbE

PowerSwitch N N3248TE-ON Management 1 GbaseT

series

Cumulus Linux Operating System

Dell offers Linux savvy customers greater choice in networking with the
Cumulus’ full-featured Linux operating system. The Cumulus operating
system helps the customer to build, manage, and automate massive-
capacity, next-generation data center networks.

Cumulus Linux is the first full-featured Linux operating system for data
center networks which can run seamlessly over industry standard
switches to help deliver high capacity fabrics with attractive price-
performance and ROI metrics. The Cumulus operating system leverages a
large ecosystem of native Linux applications and automation tools to drive
new levels of innovation bringing needed flexibility and agility to the data
center. This new disaggregated model helps organizations deploy next-
generation workloads on rich data center networking solutions that are
built on large-scale Clos fabrics and new data center architectures.
Cumulus Linux empowers customers to build a modern, scalable data

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center bringing the server, virtual machine paradigms of manageability,

clustering, monitoring, and orchestration to networking.

Together Dell and Cumulus are transforming the network with an

innovative solution that combines the industry’s first, full-featured Linux
operating system with the market leading and field tested Dell Ethernet
switching platforms. Dell with Cumulus helps organizations realize the full
potential of a software-defined data center today.

Dell and Cumulus open networking solution disaggregating networking gear from
operating system

Cumulus Linux is a full-featured Linux operating system for data center

networks which can run seamlessly over industry standard switches.

 Cumulus Networks is now owned by NVIDIA, and the operating system

is called as NVIDIA Cumulus Linux.
 Cumulus Linux operating system empowers customers to build a
modern, scalable data center bringing the server, virtual machine
paradigms of manageability, clustering, monitoring, and orchestration
to networking.
 Cumulus Linux operating system offers disaggregated hardware +
software data center networking solution empowering organizations to
deploy modern workloads and applications that are designed for the
open networking era.

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 List of Dell EMC PoweSwitches supporting Cumulus operating system

are:
 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S-3048–ON
 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S-4810-ON
 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S-6000-ON
 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S-6010-ON
 Combination of S4810-ON and S6000-ON networking switches with
Cumulus Linux has the following benefits:

 Power of choice
 Flexibility
 Accelerated innovation

Switch Light Operating System

Switch Light is a Linux-based, thin switching software solution that
provides consistent data plane programming abstractions across
merchant silicon-based physical switches and hypervisor vSwitches.
Switch Light can be installed on various physical switch platforms using
the KVM hypervisor on Intel x86 platforms.

List of Dell EMC PoweSwitches supporting Switch Light operating system

are:

 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S3048 ON

 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S4810-ON
 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S6000–ON
 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S6010–ON

ZebOS
ZebOS is software-based routing and switching platform from IP infusion
that is used in data center network. ZebOS is built on a software defined
networking architecture. It includes hardware and embedded operating

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system abstraction layers to enable communication with the underlying

operating system or network processor.

The ZebOS features include:

 Split control-plane design

 Modularity and programmability
 High degree of scalability
 Hardware abstraction to operate on various silicon-switching chipsets
 Embedded operating system (operating system) abstraction to run on
various control processors

List of Dell EMC PoweSwitches supporting ZebOS operating system are:

 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S3048 ON

 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S6000–ON
 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S6010–ON

Netvisor Operating System

Netvisor operating system is an open distributed-network operating
system with bare-metal hardware programmability, bare-metal hypervisor
virtualization, and hardware independence like a server operating system.

The Netvisor operating system has following network fabric capabilities:

 Clustering to simplify the complexity of the physical network topology

 Switch fabric virtualization to virtualize bare metal of an entire cluster of
switches
 Advanced analytics for monitoring the fabric
 UNIX-style, high-performance programmability, and control of the
network switch fabric.

List of Dell EMC PoweSwitches supporting Netvisor operating system

are:

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 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S6000–ON

 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S6010–ON

Enterprise MidoNet Platform

MidoNet is an open-source network virtualization platform for
Infrastructure-as-a service(IaaS) clouds. Enterprise MidoNet platform is a
commercial product from midokura combining the most stable, production-
hardened version of MidoNet for Network Virtualization. Network
virtualization with Midokura Enterprise MidoNet and the Dell data center
S6000 switches provides the programmability, automation, and cloud
scalability to meet complex network requirements. Dell EMC PowerSwitch
S6000–ONDell EMC PowerSwitch S6010–ON.

List of Dell EMC PoweSwitches supporting Enterprise MidoNet Platform

are:

 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S6000–ON

 Dell EMC PowerSwitch S6010–ON

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Accelerated innovation
Organizations can take advantage of this disaggregated networking model
using industry-leading hardware and a choice of leading network operating
systems to simplify data center fabric orchestration and automation and
accelerate innovation.

ACK
ACK is a flag inside the TCP header (1 bit). ACK acknowledges the
successful receipt of a packet.

FIN
The FIN flag specifies the end of data transmission to close the TCP
connection.

Flexibility
The new offerings provide organizations the needed flexibility to transform
their data centers and offer high-capacity network fabrics that are easy to
deploy, cost-effective, and provide a clear path to a software-defined data
center.

Internet Protocol(IP)
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a method for sending data from one device to
another across the Internet. Every device is uniquely identified by an IP
address, which enables the device to communicate and exchange data
with other devices that are connected to the Internet.

Leaf and Spine

Spine-leaf switches are typically enterprise grade hardware with HA
features (PSU). The 2-tier model is seen as a “collapsed core.” The
advent of L3 switching has enabled this option.

Power of choice
Organizations that benefited from using the disaggregation model with
their data center server platforms, can now leverage even greater benefits
from Dell open networking platforms.

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Routed Mode
In this mode, the firewall has IP addresses assigned to its interfaces and
acts as a router hop for packets passing through it. All traffic inspection
and forwarding decisions are based on Layer 3 parameters such as IP
address.

Sequence Number
The TCP client sends the sequence number, consists of the total data that
has been sent for the session.

small and medium businesses

Smaller networks or remote/branch offices with limited IT staff who crave
enterprise-class network control that is fused with consumer-like ease.

SONiC
Software for Open Networking in the Cloud

SYN
SYN is a flag inside the TCP header (1 bit). SYN flag synchronizes the
sequence numbers to initiate a TCP connection.

TCP Header
The TCP header mainly consists of the source and destination port
numbers, also has a sequence number. The sequence number to track
where each frame fits into a sequence of frames. The header also
includes an acknowledge (ACK) bit and acknowledgment number to
specify which frames are being acknowledged. And a window size is used
to specify how many data bytes the receiver can accept.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is a communications
standard that allows application programs and computing devices to
exchange data over a network. TCP is designed to send data packets
across the Internet and ensure the successful delivery of data and
messages over networks.

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Transparent Mode
In this mode, the firewall does not appear as a hop in the network. Traffic
is forwarded through the firewall device but packets are not directed to the
firewall. The firewall processes the traffic and applies its rules to decide
whether to permit or deny the packet, but is transparent in its operation.

UDP Header
UDP header is less complex and incurs less overhead than TCP. The 16-
bit Length field describes the length of the user datagram, including the
header and data. The 16-bit Checksum field covers the pseudo-IP header,
the UDP header, and the data. The pseudo-IP header, which is also used
in TCP. It includes the IP address in the checksum calculation to ensure
that the frame has arrived at the proper destination.

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