Components of a Computer
Components of a
Computer
• By definition, a computer is an electronic
device that manipulates information or data.
• It contains both hardware components and
software applications.
• The hardware pertains to the computer’s
physical devices.
• A computer’s hardware consists of
interrelated electronic devices that are used to
manipulate the computer’s operation, input
devices, and output devices.
Input Devices
• Input devices enter or send data and
instruction from the user or from
another computer system on the
internet while output devices send back
the administered data to the user or to
another computer system.
Input Devices
Most common and important devices of a
computer:
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Microphone
• Scanner
• Digital Camera
• PC video camera
Output Devices
Any hardware component that transmits
information to one or more people.
• Printer
• Monitor
• Speaker
System Unit
• The system unit is the enclosure composed of
the main elements of a computer that are used
to administer data.
• Motherboard: The circuitry of the system unit
containing the primary components of a
computer with connectors into whih other
circuit boards can be positioned.
Storage Devices
• A place where computers hold program
files and all related files when they are
not in use.
• The goal of using a storage is to keep
data permanently.
• e.g. flash disk drive, hard disk drive,
compact disc
Why computers are
Powerful?
• Computers allow users to communicate with
other users or computers.
• A user is anyone who communicates and
interacts with a computer or makes use of the
information it generates.
Why Computers are
Powerful?
Speed
• Operations get done through electronic
circuits.
• Most computers bring out billions of
operations in a single second.
• The world’s fastest computer can
perform trillions of operations in one
second.
Why Computers are
Powerful?
Reliability and Consistency
• The high reliability of components
enables the computer to produce
consistent results.
Why Computers are
Powerful?
Accuracy
• A computing phrase known as garbage in,
garbage out points out that the accuracy of a
computer’s output depends on the accuracy of
the iput.
Why Computers are Powerful?
Communication
• Communication happens between two or more people sending and
receiving messages from one another.
• The one sending the message is referred to as the sender while the
one receiving the information is the receiver.
Classifying Computers
• Computers can be classified based on size and
computing power.
• However, these classifications tend to overlap
as modern computers have become smaller,
yet more powerful, and relatively cheaper.
General Classifications of Computers
Personal Computer
• A small, single-user computer based
on a microprocessor.
• It has a keyboard (and mouse),
monitor, and a storage device.
General Classifications of Computers
Workstation
• A powerful, single-user computer.
• This is like a personal computer, but
it has a more powerful
microprocessor and a higher quality
monitor.
General
Classifications of
Computers
Minicomputer
• This is a multi-user computer
capable of supporting from 10 to
hundreds of users simultaneously.
General Classifications of
Computers
Mainframe
• This is a powerful multi-user computer
capable of supporting hundreds or thousands
of users simultaneously.
General
Classifications of
Computers
Supercomputer
• This is an extremely fast computer
that can perform millins of
instructions per second.
Categorized in
Several Types
Desktop Computers
• Computers designed to be placed
on a desk, and are normally
made up of a few different parts.
Categorized in
Several Types
Laptop computers
• Computers that are battery-
powered and its portability
makes them possible to use
almost anytime and anywhere.
Categorized in
Several Types
Tablet Computers
• Hand-held computers with touch-
sensitive screen for typing and
navigation.
Categorized in
Several Types
Smartphones
• Hand-held telephones which can do
things that computers can do, including
browsing and searching the internet and
even playing console games.
Categorized in Several Types
Wearables
• This include fitness
trackers and smartwatches
that can be worn
throughout the day.
Categorized in
Several Types
Smart TVs
• Television sets that include applications
present in computers.
• This can also be used as a computer
monitor and gaming monitor.
Media in the Digital Age
Media in the
Digital Age
• Media normally refers to the
means of communication that
uses unique tools to
interconnect among people.
The Message
• Media is considered to be the
message itself for those who
create and own the rights of
content.
• The forms of content can be
user-generated or professionally
produced.
• User-generate content (UGC) is a
form of content created and
owned by the users of a system.
The Message
Blog
• A blog is a combination of two
words: web and log.
• It works as the same way as pen
and paper would but privacy
becomes irrelevant.
The Message
• Most recently, blogs have evolved
into microblogs and video blogs.
• Microblogs have become popular
due to the rise of Tumblr and X
(formerly Twitter).
• Users instantly share limited
content or short messages.
The Message
• Now, with the increasing number of
YouTube viewers, people have explored
uploading their own videos ranging from
their travels and product reviews to any
other random topics.
• Vloggers, Youtubers, or socmed
influencers make money based on
number of views they get and on the
products they feature.
• This refers to the tool or tools used in sending a message from the
source to the destination.
The Medium • Traditionally its TV and/or Radio.
• Today, Social Media has become the avenue for information
dissemination even taking over news sites in brining the latest or up-
to-date content.
The Messenger
• The messenger is the one who delivers the
message.
• Broadcasters being the messenger of the
news are called the “media“.
• Does the media also refer to social
network users who create content
themselves but are not professional
journalists?
• Although, the media can be the message,
the medium, and the messenger, in the
digital age, the lines between them are
somewhat blurry.
Evolution of Media
Evolution of Media
The media has transformed itself
based on two things:
1. How information is presented
2. How the connection is
established
Evolution of
Media
• Oral Tradition, writing on
animal skins (B.C.)
• Woodcut printing on cloth or
paper (early 15th century)
• Printing Press (16th century)
• Telegraph to Telephone
(1800s)
• Broadcasting and Recoding
(1900s)
Overview of Current Trends
Trend
• Refers to something hip or
popular at a certain point in
time.
• Technology trends tend to
change as time goes by.
• According to Moore’s Law,
technology is bound to upgrade
itself every two years.
• Nowadays, the 2 year prediction
has even decreased.
7 Major Trends
1. IoT and Smart home
technology
2. AR and VR
3. Machine learning
4. Automation
5. Big data
6. Physical-digital integrations
7. Everything on demand
IoT and smart home
techology
• Internet of Things (IoT) is a
network of physical devices.
• It has evolved due to the
convergence of multiple
technologies.
• e.g. Controlling home appliance
through a mobile phone, self-
driving cars, and home security
systems.
Augmented Reality
and Virtual Reality
• Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have
exciting potential in the future of gaming, marketing,
e-commerce, education, and many other fields.
Distinctions:
• AR uses a real-world setting while VR is completely
virtual
• AR users can control their presence in the real world;
VR users are controlled by the system
• VR requires a headset device, but AR can be accessed
with a smartphone
• AR enhances both the virtual and real world while VR
only enhances a fictional reality
Machine Learning
• Machine learning (ML) is a branch
of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer
science that focuses on the using data
and algorithms to enable AI to imitate the
way that humans learn, gradually
improving its accuracy.
• Some examples are: Recommendation
systems, Social media connections, Image
recognition, Natural Language Processing
(NLP), Virtual Personal Assistants, Stock
market predictions, Traffic predictions, Self-
driving car technology, and GPT.
Machine Learning
Time to 1M Users
• GPT-3 – 5 days (less than a week)
• Netflix – 49 months
• Twitter – 24 months
• Airbnb – 30 months
• Facebook – 10 months
• Instagram 25 months
Automation
• Through advanced technology, it
is now possible to automate
previously human-exclusive tasks.
• Information collected is
automatically saved and stored in
mobile devices for analysis later
on.
Big data
• A term that describes large and
complex volumes of data.
• Big data can be analyzed for insights
which can help management make
better decisions and come up wth
more effective strategic plans.
• e.g. Transportation, Media and
entertainment, Healthcare, Banking
and financial services, Advertising,
Government, and Meteorology.
Physical-digital
integrations
• Because of system automation,
companies identify their physical
elements and create digital data for
more efficient operation and back-
up.
• The concept of having a “paperless
company“ is one example.
• It is deemed reliable but also
environment friendly.
Everything on
demand
• Due to the prevalence of
network connectivity, it is
possible to have information on
demand.
• Music, movies, and even drivers
(e.g. Grab) are made available
through the apps in a
smartphone.
