Chapter 8

Cloud Computing

Prepared By: Seid m. 1

 Contents

• Definition of cloud computing

01
• Categorization of the various service types

02 • Drivers of Cloud Solutions

• Handling cloud security

03 • Deployment of software solutions
and web applications
• Architecture of Cloud Computin
04
 Definition of Cloud Computing

 Cloud refers to any type of software or service that isn't located on

your personal computer or devices but instead runs on the internet.
 The files, images and videos that you save on cloud services are stored on
the servers of third parties, companies such as Amazon, Google, and
Microsoft*.
• Cloud computing is the delivery of information technology services
over the internet, has become a must for businesses and
governments seeking to accelerate innovation and collaboration.
• Cloud computing is all about the delivery of computing services
like databases, software, analytics, servers, storage,
networking, and intelligence.
• By gaining instant access to cloud provider data centers around the
world, you’ll have the flexibility to store data where you need it.
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 Principles of Cloud computing
1. On-demand self-service:
 You don’t have to make calls or wait for your service provider
to increase your server counts.
 you can scale or cut down on the services without additional actions
and pay for the services according to the usage.
2. Rapid flexibility: Cloud services allow you the ability to
change the size of your infrastructure rapidly.
 While traditional services would have taken us days, cloud
services made sure we got what we needed in less than an hour.
3. Resource pooling: Cloud services allow you to share resources
with others which helps you save money in the long run.
4. Elastic Scalability: it means you can add or remove as many
servers as you want almost instantly.
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 Cont…
5. Pay as you go:
 In the traditional ecosystem, you’d have to wait several
months for additional servers and equipment. But with cloud
services, you pay as you go, the data center adds or removes
services according to your needs.
6. Global availability: You can easily set up a server in any part of
the world. In fact, you can set up servers close to your location to
save costs while enjoying faster speed.
7. Programmable management:
 you can set up an auto-scaling program that will adjust the
computational power of the infrastructure.
 So, your cloud provider will change the number of servers or network
configuration based on a schedule, application metrics, management
scripts, or all of them.
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 Advantages of Cloud Computing
 Users can carry their files and settings over to other devices in
a completely seamless manner.
 Users can check their email on any computer and even store
files using services such as Dropbox and Google Drive.
 Its scalability, and access to data centers around the world.
 offers big businesses huge cost-saving potential.
 The cloud structure allows individuals to save storage space
on their desktops or laptops.
 Users upgrade software more quickly because software
companies can offer their products via the web rather than
through more traditional, tangible methods.
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 Disadvantages of the Cloud
 Security has always been a big concern with the cloud
especially when it comes to sensitive medical records and
financial information.
 Encryption protects vital information, but if that encryption key is
lost, the data disappears.
 Servers maintained by cloud computing companies may
fall victim to natural disasters, internal bugs, and power
outages.
 As any technology, there is a learning curve for both
employees and managers.

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Different cloud deployment models

8
 Deployment models

• Cloud deployment models identify the specific type of

cloud environment based on the ownership, the nature of
the cloud, and its purpose. They are:
1. Public cloud: An open cloud system where anyone can
purchase computational power or storage online. Examples
include AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.
2. Private cloud: The computing services are offered only to
selected users instead of the general public. Unlike public
clouds, where resources are shared, private clouds don’t
share resources and are usually used by large organizations
with high security needs. An example is OpenStack.
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 Cont…
3. Hybrid cloud:
 Private and public cloud computing configurations can be
combined, hosting workloads and data based on optimizing
factors such as cost, security, operations and access.
 One of the biggest advantages of a hybrid cloud system is
that it allows you the flexibility of a public cloud and lets
you maintain sensitive data on-premises. But the drawback
is that you’ll have to maintain and pay for the in-house
hardware.
 So, assess your needs thoroughly before switching to a hybrid cloud
solution.
4. Multi-cloud: Some companies prefer to distribute their
workloads over servers from different companies. This setup is
called a multi-cloud setup, and it’s beneficial because the
system becomes disaster tolerant.
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Categorization of the service types

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 Service Types
• Cloud Computing services are changing the way information
technology is being used by public institutions and private
organizations.
• Today, there are a variety of cloud computing service to fulfil almost
any IT requirement.
Three different types of cloud computing services:
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
 It hosts the infrastructure on the public cloud and private cloud instead
of in a traditional on-premises data center.
 Provides users access to computing resources such as networking,
processing power and data storage capacity.
 Helps users to use computing power or virtual machines without labor-
intensive hardware investments or server management.
 Physically, the hardware resources are pulled from a variety
of networks and servers distributed across different data centers, all
of which are managed and maintained by the cloud service provider.
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 Cont…
• IaaS is beneficial for customers who want to create
cost-effective and highly scalable IT solutions where
the expenses and complexities involved in managing
hardware resources are outsourced to a service
provider.
• Most of the IaaS packages include servers,
networking, storage, and virtualization components
while the users are responsible for installing and
maintaining databases, OS, applications, and security
components.
Examples:
• Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, Rackspace, Google
Compute Engine.
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 Benefits of IaaS Service
• A typical infrastructure as a service offering saves both
time and money as the underlying hardware set up and
support is provided by the service provider.
• Resources are available on demand as and when
required so there is no wastage of any unused resources
and no delays on adding any resources.
• Utility-based pricing model i.e. pay only for the
resources you actually use.

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 2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• It provides a runtime environment that allows programmers to
easily create, test, run, and deploy web applications. You can
purchase these applications from a cloud service provider on a
pay-as-per use basis and access them using the Internet
connection.
• It is a way of delivering applications over the internet as a
service. Instead of installing and maintaining software you
simply access it via the internet.
• an advanced version of IaaS. Apart from just providing the IT
infrastructure, PaaS also provides the computing platform and
solution stack as a service.
• PaaS is a cloud computing service that provides developers
with a framework that can be used for building custom
applications online without having to worry about data
storage, data serving, and management..
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 Cont…
It includes infrastructure (servers, storage, and networking)
and platform (middleware, development tools, database
management systems, business intelligence, and more) to
support the web application life cycle.
A typical Platform as a Service offering consists of –
– OS , Software tools for design and development.
– Environment for server-side scripting
– DBMS
– Server Software
• Microsoft Azure, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Force.com. by
Salesforce, Google App Engine, Rackspace Cloud Sites
etc. are examples.
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 Benefits of PaaS Service
 PaaS makes software development easy even for non-
experts as anybody can develop an application through the
web browser with just a single click functionality.
• There is no need for the users to upgrade or update the
infrastructure : the PaaS service provider handles all the
update patches, upgrades, and regular software
maintenance.
• PaaS provides location independence: developers in
different locations can work together on the same
application build.
• There is no need to invest in physical infrastructure or in
expertise required to manage it
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 3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
• A special cloud computing service that incorporates both IaaS
and PaaS service offerings.
• provides web-based software applications to customers on-
demand.
• SaaS providers host a fully-functional application through a
browser-based interface and make it accessible to the users
through the Internet.
• SaaS is the most familiar cloud computing service offering as
users most often interact directly with SaaS applications like
Netflix, Gmail, Dropbox, or Salesforce.
• SaaS is a subscription-based offering where users subscribe
to software on a monthly basis instead if purchasing it so there
are no upfront costs involved.
Examples: AppDynamics, Microsoft Office 365, Pardot
Marketing Automation.
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 Benefits of SaaS Service
• There is no initial setup cost as the users can make use of
the application as soon as they subscribe.
– There is no hardware cost as well because the
processing power is supplied by the service provider.
• Flexible payments as the users pay for the services on a
pay-as-you-go model.
• Any updates to the software are automatic and free of
charge.
• Provides cross-device compatibility because SaaS
applications can be accessed through any internet
enabled devices, such as laptop, smartphone, or desktop.
• Enterprises need not engage an IT expert to download the software
on multiple systems in the office nor have to worry about the
keeping the software up-to-date on every PC
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 Drivers of Cloud Solutions
 Business drivers have motivated organizations to adopt cloud
computing to meet and support the requirements of these
drivers.
 They have also motivated organizations to become a user or
providers of the cloud environment.
The business drivers that are leading companies to cloud
adoption:
1. Cost Savings with Cloud Storage
 Utilizing the infrastructure of the cloud provider rather than
your own infrastructure.
 This means that the cost of maintenance, updating equipment,
and managing software on the devices becomes the
responsibility of the service provider.
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 Cont.…
2) Security: one of the main reasons businesses are moving to the
cloud.
 As cyber-attacks increase, companies want to boost cyber
security by moving from old to modern platforms.
 Many businesses are choosing to migrate to the cloud because
of the security benefits they offer.
3) Flexibility and Scalability:
 The cloud enables employees to literally work from anywhere.
With cloud systems, a centralized location holds the data and
software that is required to do the job.
 Your computing services increase with your business growth.
 Maintaining them on your means increased costs and new infrastructure.
But with the cloud, you can purchase more storage to meet your needs
and have instant access to expanded capabilities. Cloud solutions are
highly flexible and scalable.
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 Cont.…
4) Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery:
 with cloud backup, your data is stored across several
storage centers, and so even when a disaster strikes at one
of the centers, it can be overcome quickly, thanks to the
other storage centers and backups.
5) Overcoming Resource Shortages
6) Application Upgrades or Performance Issues
7) Enable More Efficient Document Storage and Review
 documents can instantly be analyzed and stored in a way
that makes it easy for your business to access and review
documents.
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The big players in the corporate computing
sphere include:

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 Some Service Providers:
• Amazon Web Services (AWS)
– is the leading public cloud infrastructure platform on the basis of market
share.
– is a secure public cloud service platform provided by Amazon. It offers
various services such as database storage, computing power, content delivery,
Relational Database, Simple Email, Simple Queue, and other functionality to
increase the organization's growth.
Features of AWS
 provides various powerful features for building scalable, cost-effective,
enterprise applications:
• scalable because it has an ability to scale the computing resources
up or down according to the organization's demand.
• cost-effective as it works on a pay-as-you-go pricing model.
• It offers various security services such as infrastructure security,
data encryption, monitoring & logging, identity & access control,
penetration testing, and DDoS attacks.
• It can efficiently manage and secure Windows workloads 24
 Google Cloud
 is a product of Google. It consists of a set of physical devices,
such as computers, hard disk drives, and virtual machines.
 It also helps organizations to simplify the migration process.
Features of Google Cloud:
• It includes various big data services such as Google BigQuery,
Google CloudDataproc, Google CloudDatalab, and Google
Cloud Pub/Sub.
• Related to networking, including Google Virtual Private Cloud
(VPC), Content Delivery Network, Google Cloud Load
Balancing, Google Cloud Interconnect, and Google Cloud
DNS.
• Provides various server less services such as Messaging, Data
Warehouse, Database, Compute, Storage, Data Processing, and
Machine learning (ML)
• It provides a free cloud shell environment with Boost Mode.
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 Microsoft Azure
• also known as Windows Azure.
• It supports various operating systems, databases, programming
languages, frameworks that allow IT professionals to easily
build, deploy, and manage applications through a worldwide
network.
Features of Microsoft Azure:
 provides scalable, flexible, and cost-effective
 It allows developers to quickly manage applications and
websites.
 It managed each resource individually.
 allows us to launch a general-purpose virtual machine in
different platforms such as Windows and Linux.
 It offers a Content Delivery System (CDS) for delivering the
Images, videos, audios, and applications.
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 IBM Cloud Service
 an open-source, faster, and more reliable platform.
 It is built with a suite of advanced data and AI tools.
 It offers various services such as Infrastructure as a
service, Software as a service, and platform as a service.
 access its services like compute power, cloud data & Analytics, cloud
use cases, and storage networking using internet connection.
Features:
• improves operational efficiency.
• Its speed and agility improve the customer's satisfaction.
• It offers IaaS, PaaS, as well as SaaS
• It offers various cloud communications services to our IT
environment. 27
 Alibaba Cloud
• used to develop data management and highly scalable cloud
computing services.
• It offers various services, including Elastic Computing,
Storage, Networking, Security, Database Services, Application
Services, Media Services, Cloud Communication, and Internet
of Things.
Features:
• offers a suite of global cloud computing services for both
international customers and Alibaba Group's e-commerce
ecosystem.
• Its services are available on a pay-as-per-use basis.
• It globally deals with its 14 data centers.
• It offers scalable and reliable data storage
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 Handling cloud security
What is Cloud Security?
 Cloud security refers to the measures undertaken to
protect digital assets and data stored on cloud-based
services. Measures to protect this data include two-
factor authorization (2FA), the use of VPNs, security
tokens, data encryption, and firewall services,
among others.
 Cloud security is a set of policies, controls, procedures and
technologies that should work together to protect your cloud-
based applications and systems.
 Cloud security and security management best practices
designed to prevent unauthorized access are required to keep
data and applications in the cloud secure from current and
emerging cybersecurity threats.
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 Cloud security challenges
Examples:
• When the bulk of employees are working remotely and using a
mix of personal and business devices, the "attack surface" of a
company spreads even wider, giving hackers even more
opportunities.
• Attackers deploy emails with malicious links to try and capture
login credentials for cloud service accounts. The emails look
legitimate as do the links, tricking employees with these
sophisticated phishing schemes.
• Since data in the public cloud is being stored by a third party
and accessed over the internet, several challenges arise in the
ability to maintain a secure cloud.
These are:
• Visibility into cloud data: cloud services are accessed outside of
the corporate network and from devices not managed by IT
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 Why is Cloud Security Important?
• As more organizations migrate their data,
applications and other assets to the cloud, it
becomes even more important to understand how
to protect this highly sensitive business
information that could potentially be exposed.
• Preventing leaks and data theft is critical to
maintain your customer's trust
• Maintaining regulatory compliance

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 Deployment of software solutions and
web applications
What is cloud deployment?
• Cloud deployment is the process of deploying an application
through one or more hosting models—software as a service
(SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and/or infrastructure as a
service (IaaS)—that leverage the cloud. This includes
architecting, planning, implementing and operating workloads
on cloud.
What are the business benefits of cloud deployment?
• Faster and simplified deployments. Automate builds that deploy
code, databases and application releases, including resource
provisioning.
• Cost savings. Control costs using consumption-based pricing
and eliminate capex-heavy on-premises environments.
• Platform for growth. Leverage the global infrastructure
provided by cloud service providers (CSPs) to seamlessly
expand the business into other geographies. 32
 Cont…
• New digital business models. Exploit the continuous release of
features and services by CSPs, incubate new technologies and
innovate digital business models.
• Geographic reach. Access applications from any location, on
any device, leveraging the connectivity backbone of CSPs.
• Operational efficiency. Use the inherent automation enabled by
cloud to increase operational efficiency and reduce human
effort.
• A competitive edge. Leverage infrastructure as code and
development, security and operations (DevSecOps) to reduce
the time to market for new features and stay ahead of the
competition.
• Empowered users. Increase productivity by empowering users
with self-service options on cloud, such as portals, DevOps
pipelines and executive and operational dashboards.
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 Challenges in deploying applications
What are some challenges in deploying applications to the cloud?
• Some key challenges when migrating applications for hosting
infrastructure to slower deployments, complex and costly
migrations, insufficient monitoring methodologies, complex system
integrations, dynamic and seasonal workloads, lock-in periods for
infrastructure hosting and with application vulnerabilities.
To address these challenges, look for the following in a cloud services
provider:
• A cost-saving pay-per-use model
• Rapid provisioning of systems
• Best-in-class technical operations
• Self-services for non-production systems
• High-availability solutions integrated with software-as-a-service
options, auto-scaling, infrastructure flexibility and portability
• Managed cloud platform security
• A robust cloud management platform 34
 Cloud Computing architecture
• cloud computing technology is used by both small and large
organizations to store the information in cloud and access it
from anywhere at anytime using the internet connection.
• Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-
oriented architecture and event-driven architecture.
Event-driven architecture: A software design in which decoupled
services produce, detect, and react to system events.
Service-oriented architecture : A system in which a set of
components provides services to other elements through a
communication protocol.
Every cloud architecture has two main components:
• Front end (elements visible to the end-user, such as web apps
and browsers, mobile devices, user interface, etc.).
• Back end (the "cloud" section of the system with data
storage, dedicated servers, OSes, security measures, etc.).
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 Cont…
• A cloud computing architecture also requires a network
via which the front and back ends communicate. The two
components usually share data over the Internet unless an
architect prefers to use a private network
( private and hybrid cloud architecture).
No matter the type of network, the communication layer
between the front and back ends must have:
 High bandwidth
 No latency.
 High availability
 Top network security
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 Front End
The two main elements of the front end are:
• The app or software (typically a web browser or a native app):
the client uses to access and interact with the cloud platform.
• The client-side device through which the user connects to and
interacts with the browser or app (mobile phone, tablet, PC,
laptop, etc.).
Front end are responsible for:
 Enabling the user to interact with the cloud.
 Sending queries to the back end through the middleware.
 Requesting services from the back end.
 Presenting all cloud-related info (resource utilization, security
concerns, monitoring alerts, usage patterns, etc.). 37
 Back End
This component contains various systems, servers, and storage
units that have several key roles:
 Run cloud-related programs and apps.
 Give functionality to the front end and respond to whatever
query the user sends.
 Deploy and scale resources.
 Monitor all operations and activities.
 Keep the cloud data and processes safe.
 Connect all services and apps.
 Run traffic control mechanisms.
 Govern cloud protocols.
• The cloud provider is the one who manages the back-end
component. 38
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Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture
The cloud computing architecture is designed in such a way that:
• It solves latency issues and improves data processing
requirements
• It reduces IT operating costs and gives good accessibility to
access data and digital tools
• It helps businesses to easily scale up and scale down their
cloud resources
• It has a flexibility feature which gives businesses a competitive
advantage
• It results in better disaster recovery and provides high security
• It automatically updates its services
• It encourages remote working and promotes team
collaboration
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Architecture

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 Evaluating Cloud Computing
Architectures
• In the area of cloud computing, the real protection depends on
having the right architecture for the right application.
• Organizations must understand the individual requirements of
their applications.
• An organization wishing to implement a cloud computing
platform is to examine the current IT architecture.
• Only by aligning the applications architecture –
computers, network, data center and storage resources, do you
get to keep the company on track to achieve the reliability and
performance necessary for a good cloud environment?
• With this knowledge, you can make decisions about what
cloud platform responds to the needs of reliability and
performance of your applications. 42
 Points consider when evaluating cloud
architectures:
 Availability : Not all applications are equal, as all platforms are not
on the same cloud.
• Organizations have to prioritize their applications, identifying those
that must always be available and that may have breaks in service,
and service breaks are acceptable. They must understand the risks
associated with the unavailability of data.
• For applications that must always be available, it is necessary to
consider high-quality technology and business class.
 Security : Security remains the primary concern for organizations
looking to the cloud.
• Among the main concerns are loss of control of sensitive data, the
risks associated with multi-user environments, and responding to
various standards and compatibility needed.
• You must know how a multi-user shared environment is segmented
in order to avoid overlapping customer service and breaking the
boundaries that must be established between them.
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 Cont…
 Management : Organizations must understand what are their
obligations, rather than just knowing what to expect from a service
provider.
• Most Cloud solution providers do not support public administration. Or
potential customers of these solutions have the expertise to design the
right solution at home, or should seek the services of an outside vendor.
 Performance : As in traditional hosting models, it is important to
understand the requirements of workflow that will lie in the
infrastructure.
 They must make their own tests to understand how a cloud
environment can affect the computational resources, network and
storage.
 Compliance : Organizations must understand where their data is and
who interacts with them, and how. They must understand the areas of
compliance that the service provider controls and compare with the 44
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