Introduction to SAP Basis
SAP Basis is the technical foundation of the SAP system, responsible for managing
system operations including:
• Installation and Configuration
• Load Balancing
• System Monitoring
• Integration with different systems
• Database and OS management
SAP System Architecture
Three-Tier Architecture:
1. Presentation Layer: End-user interface (SAP GUI, browser)
2. Application Layer: SAP server processes logic and computations
3. Database Layer: Stores all SAP data
• Development (DEV): Configuration and ABAP development
• Quality Assurance (QAS): Testing
• Production (PROD): Live environment
Roles and Responsibilities of SAP Basis Consultant
• System Administration: System health, performance, patching
• Transport Management: Moving changes between systems
• User Administration: Create/lock/unlock users, assign roles
• Monitoring: Performance, background jobs, logs
• Backup & Restore
• Kernel & Patch Management
• RFC Configuration
T Codes:
User Administration (T-code: SU01)
• Create users
• Assign roles & profiles
• Set/reset passwords
• Lock/unlock users
• Types: Dialog, System, Communication, Service, Reference
Transport Management System (TMS)
• Configured using STMS
• Moves development/config from DEV ➝ QAS ➝ PROD
• Use STMS_IMPORT to view import history and apply transports
• Refresh SE06 after refresh for transport reconfiguration
Background Jobs
T-codes: SM36 (Schedule), SM37 (Monitor)
• Class A: High priority
• Class B: Medium
• Class C: Low
Set job frequency, start conditions, and define program/variant.
Client Administration
• Clients are logical systems in one SAP instance (ex: 000, 001, 066)
• T-codes:
o SCC4: Create/manage clients
o SCCL: Local copy
o SCC9: Remote copy
o SCC8: Export
o STMS_IMPORT: Import transports
o SCC3: Check logs
o SCC5: Delete client
Remote Function Call (RFC)
• Type 3 (ABAP to ABAP): Most used
• Create trusted RFCs using SM59
• Used in ECC ↔ HANA connections
• Allows communication without repeated login
Key Daily Monitoring Activities
Task T-Code Purpose
Check App Servers SM51 Active servers and status
Work Processes SM50/SM66 Identify stuck/PRIV processes
System Logs SM21 Check errors/warnings
Background Jobs SM37 Job status and logs
Spool Requests SP01 Monitor printing issues
Update Records SM13 Cancelled updates
Lock Entries SM12 No lock should exist >24 hrs
Memory & Buffers ST02 Analyze buffer swaps and memory issues
ABAP Dumps ST22 Analyze short dumps (e.g., timeouts)
System Load ST03N Workload analysis
Gateway Monitor SMGW Active connections
RFC Errors SM58 Identify failed RFCs
Queue Monitoring SMQ1/SMQ2 Monitor stuck qRFC queues
Important Transaction Codes (T-Codes)
Task T-Code Use Case / Description
Create user, assign
Create / Lock / Unlock /
SU01 roles/profiles, reset
Manage Users
password
Lock/unlock multiple users,
Mass User Management SU10
assign roles
Monitor Background Schedule jobs (SM36),
SM36 / SM37
Jobs monitor job status (SM37)
View system logs for errors,
Check System Logs SM21
warnings, locks
Identify and troubleshoot
Analyze ABAP Dumps ST22
ABAP runtime errors
View/remove user/system
Display Lock Entries SM12
lock entries
Monitor Update Check and fix failed update
SM13
Requests records
Configure RFC Create or test RFCs between
SM59
Connections systems
View and reprocess failed
Monitor RFC Errors SM58
transactional RFCs
Check WP status; SM66
Monitor Work Processes SM50 / SM66
shows all instances
List of all SAP application
View Server Overview SM51
servers
Analyze SAP memory and
Memory & Buffer Check ST02
buffer usage
Task T-Code Use Case / Description
OS-Level Resource CPU, memory, disk stats from
ST06
Monitoring OS (via SAPOSCOL)
Monitor spool requests
Print / Spool Monitoring SP01
(prints, logs)
SM51 > Release Notes / View current kernel release
Display Kernel Version
disp+work -version level
Transport Management Manage transport
STMS
System configurations and systems
Import Transport Import transports, check
STMS_IMPORT
Requests history
Monitor & Configure Monitor alerts (CPU, disk,
RZ20
CCMS Alerts jobs) via CCMS
Create or modify client
Configure Clients SCC4
settings
Copy one client to another
Local Client Copy SCCL
within same system
Copy client from another
Remote Client Copy SCC9
system using RFC
Export client data for
Export Client Data SCC8
transport/import
Review client copy or import
Check Client Copy Logs SCC3
logs
Remove a client from the
Delete Clients SCC5
system
Task T-Code Use Case / Description
Install/Apply Support Load and apply support
SPAM
Packages patches
Perform BDLS Convert logical system names
BDLS
Conversion after refresh
Analyze performance (GUI
Monitor Workload ST03N
time, response time)
View active RFC gateway
Gateway Monitor SMGW
connections
Monitor/Change Load View logon group response
SMLG
Balancing times
Monitor qRFC Queues Check stuck outbound RFC
SMQ1
(Outbound) queues
Monitor qRFC Queues Check stuck inbound RFC
SMQ2
(Inbound) queues
Step by step Process
SAP Installation (ECC or S/4HANA)
SAP ECC 6.0 Installation
Step Activity
1 Prepare hardware & OS (Windows Server 2003, 4GB+ RAM, 250GB HDD)
2 Install prerequisite software (Java JDK, SQL Server/Oracle DB)
3 Run sapinst.exe to launch SWPM
4 Select installation type (Central System)
5 Enter SAP SID, instance number, DB info
6 Load export CDs, kernel, provide paths
7 Perform prerequisite check
8 Complete installation wizard
9 Install SAP license
10 Verify using SAP GUI login and check system status
SAP S/4HANA Installation
Step Activity
1 Set up Linux OS (SuSE/RedHat)
2 Install HANA DB (min: HANA 2.0 SP07)
3 Run SWPM to install SAP S/4HANA
Step Activity
4 Configure RFC/liveCache if needed
5 Use SUM to install add-ons
6 Post-install: Configure instances and users
SAP User Management
Task T-Code Steps
Enter username > Address > Logon Data > Roles >
Create User SU01
Profiles > Save
Reset Password SU01 Enter user > Change > New Password > Save
SU01 /
Lock/Unlock User Enter username > Lock/Unlock
SU10
Mass Users
SU10 Enter multiple users > Lock/Unlock
Lock/Unlock
SAP Background Job Management
Task T-Code Steps
Create Job SM36 Enter Job name > Steps > Start Condition > Save
Monitor Job SM37 Enter Job/user/date > Execute > View log/status
Delete Logs SE38 → RSBTCDEL Enter date range > Execute
SAP System Monitoring (Daily Tasks)
Area T-Code Purpose
App Servers SM51 Check list of servers, status
Global Work Process SM66 Check PRIV process
Work Process (Local) SM50 Check waiting/active processes
Spool Requests SP01 Check pending/failed print jobs
Gateway Monitor SMGW Check RFC gateway connections
Job Monitoring SM37 Check background job status
System Logs SM21 Analyze errors/warnings
Update Records SM13 Check for failed updates
ABAP Dumps ST22 Analyze runtime errors
Lock Entries SM12 Delete entries > 24 hours
Memory/Buffer ST02 Check swaps and buffer health
OS Monitor ST06 CPU, RAM, file system
DB Monitoring DB02 Tablespace, growth, missing indexes
Load Balancing SMLG Check response times
Workload Analysis ST03N Response time, transaction load
Import History STMS_IMPORT View transport logs
SAP System Refresh
Pre-Refresh
Step T-Code Activity
Export users/roles SCC8 Save current client settings
Take snapshots SCC4, RZ12, SPAD etc. Logon groups, RFCs, etc.
Backup transports SE01 For settings like AL11, SPAD
Refresh Activity
Step Activity
1 Stop SAP & hand over to DB team
2 DB team restores source DB
3 Validate and return to Basis team
Post-Refresh
Step T-Code Activity
Disable Batch Jobs SM37 Set all to "Scheduled"
Import users & transports SCC7 / SE01 Reapply backed-up items
Run BDLS BDLS Logical system change
Delete old entries SM13, SM58, SE14 Update/Spool/RFC clean-up
Regenerate programs SE38 (SGEN) Run RSGENINVLAS
Step T-Code Activity
Activate Services SICF Make services available
Transport Management
Task T-Code Steps
Check Import
STMS_IMPORT View history or import
Queue
Client Copy (Local) SCCL Select profile/source client
Client Copy
SCC9 Configure RFC and copy
(Remote)
Import/Export SCC8 → STMS_IMPORT →
Used for large DB sizes
Client SCC7
Select client > Delete now/in
Delete a Client SCC5
background
RFC Configuration
Task T-Code Steps
Create RFC SM59 Connection type 3 for ABAP system
Configure Trusted RFC SM59 → LTR No password login across SAP systems
Test Connection SM59 Use "Test Connection" after setup
