Text Structure Activity: Discover the
Text Structure!
Objective:
Students will identify and analyze different types of text structures in short reading
passages.
Instructions:
1. Read each short passage.
2. Determine the text structure used.
3. Write the signal words that helped you identify the structure.
4. Complete the graphic organizer for that structure.
Text Structures Covered:
- Cause and Effect
- Compare and Contrast
- Problem and Solution
- Sequence/Chronological
- Description
Passage 1 – Cause and Effect
There was a big storm last night. The heavy rains caused the river to overflow, flooding
several streets. As a result, classes were suspended.
1. What is the text structure?
2. What are the signal words?
3. Fill in the Cause-and-Effect Chart.
Passage 2 – Compare and Contrast
Lions and tigers are both large cats, but they have some differences. Tigers have stripes,
while lions have manes. Tigers usually live alone, but lions live in groups.
1. What is the text structure?
2. What are the signal words?
3. Fill in the Venn diagram to show similarities and differences.
Passage 3 – Problem and Solution
Plastic waste is a big problem in our oceans. Many sea animals eat it by mistake. To solve
this, some groups are creating reusable packaging and organizing beach clean-ups.
1. What is the text structure?
2. What are the signal words?
3. Fill in the Problem and Solution chart.
Passage 4 – Sequence/Chronological
First, gather all your materials. Then, cut the paper into strips. Next, glue the ends together
to form a chain. Finally, hang it on your wall.
1. What is the text structure?
2. What are the signal words?
3. Fill in the sequence flowchart.
Passage 5 – Description
The sunflower is a tall plant with bright yellow petals. It has a thick green stem and large
round leaves. Sunflowers turn to face the sun throughout the day.
1. What is the text structure?
2. What are the signal words?
3. Fill in the web diagram with details about the sunflower.
Wrap-Up / Bonus Task:
Ask students to write their own short paragraph using one text structure of their choice. Let
classmates guess the structure.
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Description Points
Identification of Text Correctly identifies the 10
Structure structure in each passage.
Signal Words Accurately lists appropriate 10
signal words.
Graphic Organizer Graphic organizers are 10
Completion completed clearly and
accurately.
Original Paragraph Student writes a clear, well- 10
structured paragraph with
identifiable structure.
Neatness and Presentation Work is organized, neat, 10
and easy to read.
Total: 50 points
Paper Size and Formatting Instructions
- Use short bond paper (8.5 x 11 inches).
- Orientation: Portrait
- Margins: 1 inch on all sides
- Font: Arial, size 12
- Line spacing: 1.5
- Include your name, grade, and date at the top of the first page.