Define the term Course Tutorials.
Course Tutorial - A course tutorial is an interactive educational resource that
provides step by step guidance and instructions on a specific topic or concept
within a course. It is essentially a software-based tutorial that helps students
learn and understand a particular subject matter.
State Four (4) Advantages and Disadvantage each of Course Tutorials in
the Education.
Advantages of Course Tutorials
1. Enables users to learn on demand and when they are motivated
2. Tutorial can be done independent of time and geography
3. User is able to stop for breaks and to repeat sections as needed
4. Easier to briefly review or skip sessions if not a beginner
5. Learning through written communication may be easier than learning
through
6. Oral communication (e.g., English as a second language users) Less
ongoing staff time is needed for instruction
7. Experts can devise tutorial, even though they are located at a different
institution
Disadvantages of Course Tutorials
1. Not possible to ask questions of instructor or to learn from questions
asked by others learning the same topic Density of presentation may be
high because content must be self-contained
2. Individuals must be motivated enough to complete tutorial
3. Frequently takes novices longer to learn via tutorial than via
classroom setting
Explain the term Educational Games
Educational Games are those intentionally designed for the purpose of
education, or those entertainment games that have incidental or educational
values. Educational games are designed to help people understand concepts,
learn domain knowledge, and develop problem solving skills as they play
games. Instructional games are designed to increase motivation by adding
game rules
Importance/Advantages of Educational Game
a) Improves knowledge absorption and retention
b) Students develop and practice problem-solving strategies across
different levels of play or contexts
c)Provides immediate feedback to help players adjust to learning
challenges
d) Assists with transfer of learning to real-world contexts and problems
Simulation is an approximate imitation of the operation of a process or system
that represents its operation overtime OR. Simulation model real or imagined
systems to show how those system works.
Advantages of simulation for learning
a) Student-teachers are helped in a variety of ways through simulated
training. It helps in developing self-confidence among them.
b) This technique helps in linking theory with practice of teaching.
c) Student-teacher understand the behavioural problems of the classroom
and develop insight to encounter them.
d) Simulated training provides feedback to student teachers to modify their
behaviour.
e) There is self-monitoring in simulated-training. It reinforces the student-
teachers for the desired behaviour.
Explain five (5) limitations to the widespread use of Multimedia Courseware
and Authoring Systems.
a) Lack of knowledge among educators as how to effectively use the
computer in the educational setting therefore, authoring tool tends to
be misused or not used at all. In addition, the concern of teachers that
authoring system is too difficult to learn to use.
b) The lack of sufficient quantity of high-quality courseware the
problem of portability of software and courseware which restrict the
market, copyright problem, the tremendous amount of time required to
develop materials and the need for experienced and qualified
educational and computer professionals
c) Problem associated with the amount of time needed to develop
materials and difficult in finding qualified and experienced
instructional designers and computer programmers.
Outline any three (3) Technological Resources for solving educational
problems?
i. Internet Access, provision of internet in the classrooms as well as
online libraries. This provides immediate access to a vast array of
information, facilitating communication and collaboration, and offering
diverse learning resources and platforms.
ii. Button-Based interactivity: this refers to the process where users
engage with a digital interface by clicking and tapping buttons,
triggering specific actions and responses within the system.
iii. Questions and Answers Timer: The template which employ
question and answer sessions are equipped with a timer and an
indicator to state the correctness of the answers given by the students
or participants during the exercise sessions. The timer will display the
amount of time (in seconds) given for a particular question, whereby
it closes the question page when the period is up.
What is Multimedia?
Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such
as text, audio, images, animations, video and interactive content.
Write short notes on the following Metaphors
i. Slide – Show Metaphor
ii. Book Metaphor
iii. Timeline Metaphor
iv. Icon Metaphor
Slide-Show Metaphor: Each screen of the presentation is seen as a slide
object. This metaphor is an excellent choice for authoring linear presentations.
However, it is not suitable for random interactivity. Some examples of current
tools that apply this metaphor are Microsoft’s PowerPoint and lotus freelance.
Book Metaphor: In this metaphor, the application is through of as a book
containing many numbers of pages, which can contain any number of
multimedia objects and interactivity. Each object has an associated script, which
contains any event handler. It is suitable foe Encyclopedia, fairy tale story, etc.
It also requires programming skills of a certain level. An example of such a tool
is the Asymetrix’s Toolbook.
Timeline Metaphor: A timeline metaphor works with a time scale diagram and
places objects and events on the time scale in correct relationship. It is
especially valuable when dealing with a number of dynamic activities. Some
authoring tools that apply this metaphor are Macromedia Director and Action.
Icon Metaphor: The application structure is built by dragging icons from an icon
plate into the workplace to form a flow-line of icons. These icons represent
objects and events that will occur according to the sequence of the arrangement
of the icons. Authors can now concentrate on the application logic and content
rather than on the details of programming. Developing sophisticated application
is still a difficult and complex task. For example, Aim Tech’s Icon Author and
Macromedia Author ware.
Explain any five ways in which Multimedia Authoring System could impact
learning.
a) Increases learner engagement and participation
b) Improves knowledge retention
c) Makes learning more flexible
d) Create course materials to cater for individual differences among
learner
e) Modifies teaching and learning methods and strategies
Outline at least four importance of video in teaching and learning.
a) It ensures continues learning. Students who miss class can visit the
lesson later.
b) A video lesson is more engaging. It makes it easier for students to
understand and remember information.
c) Students learn at their own convenient time.
d) Self-reflection and improvement. Teachers are able to review lessons
later and improve it.
State and explain any five Advantages of Courseware in educational
system
Advantages to the usage of courseware in an educational system:
1. The courseware’s ability to individualize the instructional process. It
individualizes instruction by responding appropriately to current student
input, possibly taking into account also the performance of the student. This
could extend to the presentation of alternative materials or methods. It also
allows the individual student to have some control over the content,
sequence, and pace of his/her content.
2. Courseware with multimedia contents involves students actively in the
learning process. It is impossible for the student to be a totally passive
member of the situation, and this activity and involvement facilitate learning.
3. Partly as a result of interactive student participation, the computer and
courseware offer fast feedback. Students are kept informed of their progress
through immediate feedback, presentation and achievement summaries.
4. Instruction is systematically prepared, sequenced, tested, and revised.
Reinforcement of learning is immediate and systematized. Students are
allowed to review previous instruction, request special help, or to continue
on to enrichment activities.
5. Courseware frees teachers for other necessary work, and hence increases
educational productivity. Teachers are able to devote more time to the
personal, human considerations of their students, a factor that has been
identified as being the most significant in the development of creative
abilities, according to students.
6. By enabling students to manipulate concepts directly, and explore the
results of such manipulation, courseware reduces the time taken to
understand difficult concepts.
7. Tutorial and drill-and-practice modes seem to be more effective for low-
ability students. Also, courseware is helpful to students reviewing materials
with which they had prior familiarity.
Explain any five ways in which Multimedia Authoring System could
impact learning.
a) Increases learner engagement and participation
b) Improves knowledge retention
c) Makes learning more flexible
d) Create course materials to cater for individual differences among
learner
e) Modifies teaching and learning methods and strategies
a) State two advantages of the drill and practice courseware
i. It motivates students
ii. It provides immediate feedback to students
iii. It saves teacher’s time since students can practice on their own.
iv. It can be use used with a large number of students hence it is time
– efficient.
b) State four advantages of a simulation course
i. It helps student – teachers in developing self-confidence.
ii. This technique helps in linking theory with practice of teaching.
iii. Student-teachers are given an opportunity to study and analyse
teaching problems.
iv. Student-teacher get to understand the behavioural problems of
the classroom and develop insight to counter them.
v. Simulated training prompts student teachers to modify their
behaviour.
vi. It helps in developing social skills like social manners and
etiquettes among the student-teachers.
vii. There is self-monitoring in simulated-training. It reinforces desired
behaviour among student-teachers.
c) What is multimedia education?
i. Multimedia is the use of a computer to present the combination of
text, graphics, audio, video and animations with links and tools that
let the user navigate, interact, create, and communicate
information.
ii. Multimedia is a representation of information in an attractive and
interactive manner with the use of a combination of text, audio,
video, graphics and animation.
d) State any two elements of multimedia
i. Text
ii. Graphics
iii. Audio
iv. Video
v. Animation
a) Discuss five limitations to the widespread use of multimedia
courseware and authoring system in the educational system.
[10 marks]
i. Lack of knowledge among the educators as how to effectively use
the computer in an educational setting. Hence, the authoring tool
tends to be misused or not used at all.
ii. The concern of teachers that authoring system is too difficult for
them to learn to use that it is destined to replace them in their jobs.
iii. The lack of sufficient quantity of high-quality courseware is a major
disadvantage, which is closely related to the use of an inefficient
authoring tool, which lacks in certain high-quality criteria.
iv. The problem of portability of software and courseware which
restricts the market, the copyright problem, the tremendous
amount of time required to develop materials, and the need for
experienced and qualified educational and computer professionals
are factors contributing to seriousness of this problem.
v. Problems associated with the amount of time needed to develop
materials and the difficulty of finding qualified and experienced
instructional designers and computer programmers still exist.
b) Write short notes on the following
i. Book metaphor
In this metaphor, the application is thought of as a book
containing many numbers of pages, which can contain any
number of multimedia objects and interactivity. Each object has
an associated script, which contains any event handler. It is
suitable for Encyclopedia, fairy tale story, etc. It also requires
programming skills of a certain level. An example of such a tool
is the Asymetrix’s Toolbook.
ii. Slide show metaphor
Each screen of a presentation is seen as a slide object. This
metaphor is an excellent choice for authoring linear presentations.
However, it is not suitable for random interactivity. Some examples
of current tools that apply this metaphor are Microsoft’s PowerPoint
and Lotus’s Freelance
What is courseware?
Courseware is a computer program or other material designed for use in an
educational or training course. Courseware is an educational material that is
learned or taught with the help of a computer. It can be in the form of a flash
drive, compact disk or material placed online. It includes; learning software,
classroom management software, reference software, etc.
State two advantages of card based authoring tools
i. Easy to understand.
ii. One screen is equal to 1card or 1page.
iii. Easy to use as these tools provide template.
iv. Short development time.
State and explain any five elements of multimedia
i. Text- Text is obtained from alphanumeric and symbols that convey
meaning to the reader. Text is usually added to multimedia content to
convey descriptive information. All multimedia productions contain some
amount of text. The text can have various types of fonts and sizes to suit
the profession presentation of the multimedia software.
ii. Graphics- Graphics are visual images or designs, created by hand or
digitally, used to communicate information, ideas or enhance visual
appeal. There are two types of Graphics:
Bitmap images- Bitmap images are real images that can be captured from
devices such as digital cameras or scanners. Generally, bitmap images
are not editable. Bitmap images require a large amount of memory.
Vector Graphics- Vector graphics are drawn on the computer and only
require a small amount of memory. These graphics are editable.
iii. Audio- Audio refers to sound recorded, transmitted or reproduced. A
multimedia application may require the use of speech, music and sound
effects. These are called audio or sound element of multimedia. Audio are
of analogue and digital types. Analogue audio or sound refers to the
original sound signal. Computer stores the sound in digital form.
iv. Video- The term video refers to the moving picture, accompanied by sound
such as a picture in television. Video element of multimedia application
gives a lot of information in small duration of time. Digital video is useful in
multimedia application for showing real life objects. Video have highest
performance demand on the computer memory and on the bandwidth if
placed on the internet.
v. Animation- Animation is a process of making a static image look like it is
moving. An animation is just a continuous series of still images that are
displayed in a sequence. The animation can be used effectively for
attracting attention. Animation also makes a presentation light and
attractive. Animation is very popular in multimedia application
