Cloud Computing Overview
Cloud Computing refers to storing and accessing data and
applications over the internet instead of a local computer or
server.
It is also called Internet-based computing.
It provides computing resources (like storage, servers, and
software) as services over the internet.
Users can access these resources anytime and from anywhere
with an internet connection.
The stored data can include files, images, documents, or any other
digital content.
It eliminates the need for physical infrastructure and reduces
maintenance costs.
Access: Resources are accessible from anywhere with an internet
connection, on-demand.
Services Provided:
Storage: Saving data like files, images, or documents online.
Computing Power: Running applications or performing data
analysis.
Software: Accessing applications (like Google Docs or Microsoft
Office 365) via browsers.
How Cloud Computing Works
Infrastructure:
Cloud computing relies on a network of remote servers hosted on
the internet to store, manage, and process data instead of using
local machines.
On-Demand Access:
Users can access computing resources anytime as needed.
Services can be scaled up or down based on demand, with no
need to invest in or maintain physical hardware.
Types of Cloud Services:
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) – virtual servers and storage.
PaaS (Platform as a Service) – tools for app development.
SaaS (Software as a Service) – ready-to-use software over the
internet.
Deployment Models:
Public Cloud – services provided over a public network.
Private Cloud – dedicated resources for one organization.
Hybrid Cloud – combination of public and private clouds.
Benefits:
Cost-effective (pay only for what you use).
Scalable and flexible.
Automatic updates and maintenance.
Reliable and secure data storage.
Advantages / Need of Cloud
Computing
1. Easy Integration
o Connects quickly with existing apps (custom or third-party).
o Redu3ces time and effort for system integration.
2. Scalability and Reliability
o Easily handles increased workload or traffic.
o Provides strong uptime and disaster recovery support.
3. No Hardware or Software Installation
o Runs fully online with no physical setup required.
o Lowers capital costs and setup time.
4. Fast and Low-Risk Deployment
o Applications go live in weeks, not months.
o Reduces risk and complexity during setup.
5. Supports Deep Customization
o Allows extensive personalization of features.
o Preserves changes even after updates.
6. Empowers Business Users
o Users can make changes without coding.
o Enables easy report creation without IT support.
7. Automatic Upgrades
o Updates happen without downtime.
o Keeps all custom settings and data intact.
8. Cost Efficiency
o Pay only for what you use (pay-as-you-go).
o Avoids large upfront hardware/software costs.
9. Remote Access / Mobility
o Access data and apps from anywhere.
o Supports remote work and flexible teams.
10. Enhanced Security
Built-in firewalls and encryption protect data.
24/7 monitoring ensures safe operations.
11. Access to Advanced Technology
Use tools like AI, ML, and analytics easily.
No need to buy or maintain high-end servers.
12. Improved Collaboration
Teams work in real time from different locations.
Reduces errors and speeds up decision-making.
History of cloud computing
History of Cloud Computing
1. Client-Server Computing (Before Cloud)
All data and control were stored on a central server.
Users had to connect to the server to access data.
Limitations: Poor scalability, single point of failure, and heavy
server dependency.
2. Distributed Computing
Multiple computers were connected via a network.
Allowed users to share resources and tasks.
Limitations: Complex setup, difficult maintenance, and less
flexibility.
3. Beginning of Cloud Computing
1961: John McCarthy (MIT) proposed the idea that “computing
could be sold like a utility (e.g., water or electricity).”
The idea was ahead of its time and not widely accepted back then.
4. Rise of Cloud Computing
1999 – Salesforce.com:
o Delivered enterprise applications over the internet.
o Marked the beginning of commercial cloud services.
2002 – Amazon Web Services (AWS):
o Started offering storage and computing services online.
2006 – Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud):
o Launched the first public cloud service, allowing anyone to
rent virtual servers.
2009 – Google and Microsoft:
o Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure launched cloud platforms
for enterprise use.
Later Years:
o Companies like IBM, Oracle, HP, and Alibaba entered the
cloud market.
o Cloud computing grew into a mainstream, essential
technology.
