Lecture 04
Introduction to Internet
What is the internet
• Internet
- Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks
to serve billions of users worldwide.
- It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private,
public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to
global scope, that are linked by networking technologies.
History of the internet
• The history of the Internet begins with the development
of electronic computers in the 1950s.
• The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as
early as the 1960s, including for the development of
the ARPANET project.
• The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969
from computer science laboratory at University of
California, Los Angeles to the second network at Stanford
Research Institute (SRI).
Who Owns the Internet?
• There are many organizations, corporations, governments, schools,
private citizens and service providers that all own pieces of the
infrastructure, but there is no one body that owns it all.
• There are, however, organizations that oversee and standardize what
happens on the Internet and assign IP addresses and domain names,
such as the National Science Foundation, However, there is no central
authority that owns the Internet.
Internet Connections
• There are many ways a personal electronic device can
connect to the internet. They all use different hardware
and each has a range of connection speeds:
1. Dial-Up (Analog 56K).
2. DSL
3. Cable
4. Wireless
5. Satellite
1.Dial-Up
• Dial-up access is cheap but slow.
• A modem connects to the Internet after the computer
dials a phone number.
• This analog signal is converted to digital via the modem
and sent over a land-line serviced by a public telephone
network.
• Telephone lines are variable in quality and the
connection can be poor at times.
• Since a computer or other device shares the same line as
the telephone, they can’t be active at the same time.
• Speed: 28K to 56K
Internet Connections(cont..)
2. DSL
• DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line.
• It is an internet connection that is always “on”.
• uses 2 lines so your phone is not tied up when your computer is
connected.
• There is also no need to dial a phone number to connect.
• DSL uses a router to transport data.
• Speed: 128K to 8 Mbps
2. DSL
3. Cable
• Cable provides an internet connection through a cable modem
and operates over cable TV lines.
• There are different speeds depending on if you are uploading
data transmissions or downloading.
• The coax cable provides a much greater bandwidth over dial-up
or DSL telephone lines.
• Speed: 512K to 20 Mbp.
3. Cable
4. Wireless
• Wireless, or Wi-Fi, does not use telephone lines or cables to
connect to the internet.
• It uses radio frequency.
• Wireless is also an always on connection and it can be
accessed from just about anywhere.
• Speed: 5 Mbps to 20 Mbps.
4. Wireless
5. Satellite
• Satellite accesses the internet via a satellite in Earth’s orbit.
• The enormous distance that a signal travels from earth to
satellite and back again, provides a delayed connection
compared to cable and DSL.
• Speed: 12K to 2.0 Mbps
Advantages of the Internet
• you can send and receive e-mails
• you can do shopping
• you can downloads files, music and films
• you can find interesting materials
• you can meet/get to know a lot of people
• you can find flat or jobs quickly
• the net is easy and fast source of information
• the net makes our work easier
• the net enables us to do shopping, pay bills without leaving our homes
• the net saves our time (we don’t have to stay in queue)
• provides entertainment
• And much more…..
Disadvantages of the Internet
• Bullying, trolls, stalkers, and crime
• Exploitation and violent images
• Addiction, time waster, and causes distractions
• Never being able to disconnect
• Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating
• Spam and advertising
• Depression, loneliness, and social isolation
• Health issues and obesity
Electronic Communication Theory
• This theory emphasized the technical problems of transmitting
a message from a sender to a receiver.
• It is based on, and uses the language of, electronics.
• The message begins with an information source, the mind of
the sender (writer or speaker), who encodes
a message into words and sentences.
• The message is transmitted as signal (text on paper or sound wa
ves) through a channel, where it may be distorted
by noise (such as smudged typing or acoustical problems).
• The receiver (listener or reader) decodes the message
Communication Model
Communication Model
Noise
