eT . the Wonde TS OfN WU go choice questions, unde ; ns, undestandin nt-related Words, mepeatane swe * reading a mult tiple e-choice multiple“ environme! Pent fist te eet so present perfect gat fil, thinking sbourtthe answers ft oe Sing about the environment Tstening a ing to instruction opening discussions etal email planning your work, waiting? useful phrases The slo Pena np actor Seeteioe tic Saas Gael cere) secre a Moearn eerie rin ° 4 Cen uinr Neri ah ,The Wonders of Nat “Reading usually read? ‘A Work with a partner. What do you Look at the ideas below. Which ones do you andthe most? * books «ties and posters pS ey 1 tebe = boas ee + Eetmesages 1 ccherts + pewspapers + postards B_ Look at the ideas in A again. With a partner, decide if the information you read in each .. + gives facts + entertains the reader * is educational + gives personal opinions C_ Read the text quickly. Where could you read this type of text? What type of information does it have in it? D Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam Task and underline the key words E_ Now complete the Exam Task. ‘Coral polyps are truly the animals that helped make Ye world, For millions of years, tiny coral polyps hive Bi: building underwater cities. The polyps create thing called limestone which they then live on There are huge amounts of limestone under Living coral reefs are amazing an in islands and mountains. These limestone _that are full of life. The reefs develop w js and mountains are called coral reefs. Some reefs oceans near the F igger than anything people have ever made. The colourful places, coral reefs are ful P Bgyptians used it to build the Great Pyramids. We have sh. Reef fish are an important foxx! s sed limestone to build many buildings, and crushed and many are caught for food aroun Timestone is used to make cement The Great Barrier Reef, in Aus in the world, It is 2,000 kilometres lon, types of coral, 90 species of fish 1,000 types of ie live in, on and Each year, thousands of visitors com remarkable world beneath the waves. How. re rules ~ visitors can only visit this way, they can still enjoy the reef w. protected for future generations In recent years, a number of dangers have coral reef of the b and the life that depend gest threats is an illeoad the text and questions below. For each Aiestion choose the correct letter a, B, Cord 11 What does the writer want to do with this text? ‘entertain the reader give information about reefs give advice on conservation advertise a place to go on holiday 2. What are coral reefs made of? a molluses b_ mountains 4d. akind of rock 3. Which statement about coral reefs is NOT true? 1a They are an important source of fish They ave very colourful places. They are usually found in deep ocean waters. They can be larger than man-made things. 4. How is the Great Barrier Reef protected? {a Oniya small part of the reef can be seen by visitors. Just 5% of visitors are allowed to see it. Visitors must be very strict. d_ The reefs not open every year Word Focus coral polyp:a small animal that ivesin the sea limestone: aock that made of calcium carbonate cament a grey ponder thats mixed with sand and water to make concrete quar: on imaginary ine drown around the Thddle ofthe earth rolls an animal that has a soft body and isoften red witha shell make unconscious and unable to move fora that explodes bombs in the water to kill © “as possible. Itkills most living things and causes gre: rage to the reefs structure cyanide is another threat to reefs, particularly in the Philippines. Fishermen put this poisonous chemical into suns the fish and they “the reef water because it * riove. They catch the fis easily and then sell them for ants, The chemical ge areas of the big money to aquariums or res they use kills coral polyps, anc! causes reef to die. ‘Water pollution also damages reefs. In ‘water in the oceans has been causing many are: reefs to turn white. Biologists are worried th warming may damage coral ree!s even more ing coral reefs from tourists? you think can be seen from © Fishing with an extremely dangerous chemical called further Understanding text types + Identifying the type of texts in Understand the information init + Read the text quickly to find out what iaeg. a review, a notice, a letter, etc. information it has init. «Then read each paragraph carefully, one at a time. What is each paragraph about? What information does the (eater want youto know? Try to answer these questions before you read the next paragraph «+ Use the title and any headings in the text to help you ‘an exam can help you kind of text it and the type of 5. Which is the best summary of the text? ant because they create the rock hich is used to build things. 5 that are in danger ‘a Polyps are very import known as limestone, w/ The coral reefs are natural wonders ‘and we should do everything we can to save them. <¢. The fh from coral reefs are very beautiful and you can see them in aquariums around the world 1d. There are many different ways to catch fish but some of them are not safe for the environment, F Work in pairs. One of these statements about the Great Barrier Reef is not true. Which one do you ‘think it is? Discuss your answers. 41. Itis a World Heritage Site. 2 itis the world’s largest coral reef system. 3. Itis one of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. 4 Itcan be seen from outer space. eC Reasons for Hope. Threats to coral reels ares hope that they will survive. help these tiny coral pol threats for millions of years, « that so many ocean creatures | Ideas FocusReading NEW VOCABULARY: ximately almost, nearly appro: cement a grey powder that is mixed with sand and water to make concrete conservation _ the protection of animals, plants, and natural resources coral polyps "small animals that live in the sea along narrow mass of coral and other substances. coral reefs Sometimes you can see the top of it just above the sea cyanide an extremely dangerous and poisonous chemical equator an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the earth limestone a rock that is made of calcium carbonate mollusca an animal that has a soft body and is often covered witha shell poisonous causing sickness or death by entering or touching the ly ke unconscious and unable to move for a short time remain alive; to continue to live possibility that something bad or harmful could lestruction - reservation - conservation} of the help species to survive. a - Cement - Limestone) is a highly poisonous - reefs - species - cyanide) have hard shells se liquid cyanide into the reef and inned - stolen) fish. reefs - Polyps) are full of brightly Al-Mehwar6. Feeding sharks was made (illiterate ~ illegal - illogical ~ eligible) in Florida and other places. 7. Megal fishing method is one of the biggest (threats - treats - threads ~ thrift) to coral reefs, 8. Concrete is usually made from water, sand and (flour - cereals - cement - honey). ; 9. The (Ecuador - eclipse - Equator - Arctic) is an imaginary’ line around the middle of the earth. 10. Ants are (tough - tiny - dense - slim) insects. ‘ i il - shallow - 11. This species of spider is extremely (poisonous ~ illegal - shal remarkable). ' jo one in that village (survived - lived ~ existed - lasted) the thquake. me roof repairs cost (approximately ~ painfully - happily - mainly) . 5,000. ral (reefs ~ polyps - types - tulip) are small sea animals that have dies shaped like tubes. Vocabulary VOCABULARY: a large hole formed by natural processes in the side of a cliff or hill or under the ground a high, steep surface of rock, earth or ice changes that occur in the climate the land along or near a sea or ocean _ areas where animals are safe })_ plants and animals in danger of extinction such as coal, oil or natural gas a large body of ice moving slowly down a slope or valley or over a wide area of land places where a plant or an animal naturally lives grows , dy of water usually smaller than a lake ions generate energy ical forest that receives a lot of rain and that tall trees ~renewable (ener, is '8y) wind and water are renewable sources of energy lar ener; 3 ‘By energy we get from the sun an area of low land between hills or mountains jhoose the correct word(s) in brac! Festa female meeps BMA srdnials (socties we get from the sun, wind and sea. Mees conservation - habitat - energy) is the place 3, The use of (fact ~ fossil - famous - frying) fuels increases the amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 4, There are few tigers in the world; it is an (natural - dangerous - endangered ~ renewable) species. They believe the walkers entered the dark (cliff - pond - cave - stream) and got lost. My dream is to live on the (rainforest — coast - glacier — cliff) of Scotland. Come away from the edge! Someone fell off that (stream - rainforest — cave - cliff) last week. The (stream ~ cave - cliff - rainforest) is disappearing very quickly. We have to do something to stop it. (Golar power - Climate change - Renewable energy - Fossil fuels) is the energy we get from the sun’s heat and light. ater, wind and geothermal energy are all forms of (solar power ~ gy_- climate change - endangered species) that we »wable ener; be using. tries have created (fossil fuels - solar power - power servation areas) for endangered animals to live in. agree the (natural habitat - power station - climate power) is a big problem for humans today. watch some ducks and geese swimming in the nearby ocean - cave) nds - Rain forests ~ ging. over the mou: below. Streams) are melting because our ntain, we could see the (valley - cliff - Al-Mehwar [ 61