Unit 6

Wonders
of the Sea
In this unit, I will . . .
• name and describe sea life.
• talk about how we can protect the oceans.
• talk about future events.
• write to describe how things are different.

Check T for True and F for False.

1. The seal is underwater. T F

2. The seal is behind the seaweed. T F

3. Seaweed grows in the ocean. T F

4. Write a caption for this photo.

A harbor seal, California, USA

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VOCABULARY 1

1 Listen and read. TR: 6.1

2 Listen and repeat. TR: 6.2

We use the oceans for fun, for transportation, fish
and, more importantly, we use the oceans for
food. We must stop pollution. We must protect a dolphin
the oceans or our resources will disappear.

The oceans are full of wonderful sea life. Most of

a sea turtle
the creatures we know stay near the top layer
of the water, called the sunlit zone. In this zone,
sunlight goes down to about 200 m (656 ft.). a shark

a whale

sea sponges
The middle layer of the water is called the twilight
zone. This is because there isn’t much light. This an octopus
zone goes down to about 1,000 m (3,300 ft.).
Many different types of fish live in this layer.
Some of them look very strange.
a squid

The mysterious bottom layer of water is almost

3 Ask and answer. Work with
completely black. The only light comes from the
creatures who live here. It is called the midnight a partner. What did you learn?
zone because sunlight doesn’t reach below 1,000 m
(3,300 ft.). Some amazing animals live in this
deepest part of the ocean. Where do squid live?
Most squid live in
the twilight zone.

94 Unit 6 95
SONG

1 Listen, read, and sing. TR: 6.3

Protect the Seas

CHORUS
Please, please protect the seas.
Put good deeds into motion.
Help save the oceans.
We must protect
the wonders of the seas,
to make a better world
for you and me.
We must stop polluting
the ocean blue.
An octopus would like that,
and so would you.

CHORUS
We must protect
the wonders of the seas,
to make a better world
for you and me.
When we make a mess,
we can’t dump it in the sea.
Sharks don’t want that.
Do we?
There are layers in the ocean below.
There are creatures there that we don’t know.
They live deep underwater. They don’t breathe air,
but our world is a part of theirs. Honshu, Japan

CHORUS

2 Ask and answer. Work with a partner.

1. What are two common ways we pollute
the oceans?
2. What are some ways we use the oceans?
3. Why is it important to care for the oceans?
96 Unit 6 97
GRAMMAR 1 3 Write. What about you? Write about rules at home and at school.

Have to, must, can’t, and don’t TR: 6.4 At home, I must
We have to keep the oceans clean. You can’t throw trash into the ocean.
We must protect the oceans. Don’t leave food on the beach.

1 Read. Check the true sentences.

1. We must throw plastic bags in the ocean.

2. Don’t leave trash in the classroom.

3. You have to throw trash in the rivers.

At school,
4. You can’t use biodegradable things.
They will never disappear.

5. We must protect natural habitats.

2 Read. Complete the sentences.

Protect Our Oceans!

1. We must protect the whales and the dolphins. 4 Compare your rules. Discuss in pairs.
At home, we
2. We throw bottles into the ocean. At school, don’t leave
must clean up.
garbage in the classroom.

3. leave garbage on the beach.

4. We respect and protect nature.

5. use lots of plastic bags.

6. We learn about our oceans and tell other

people about them.

98 Unit 6 99
VOCABULARY 2 GRAMMAR 2

Future with will and won’t TR: 6.7

1 Listen and repeat. Then read and write. TR: 6.5
What will happen in the future? Sea animals and plants will disappear.
not
biodegradable We won’t have as much food as we need.

plastic bags 1 Read and answer.

1. Oil pollution affects the sunlit zone of the ocean.
What will happen if there is a big oil spill?

oil spill garbage overfishing

a paper bag

1. Banana peels, plastic bottles, soda cans, 2. Pollution affects oxygen levels in the midnight zone and creates areas
biodegradable
old newspapers, boxes, and broken toys with no oxygen. Animals live in this area. What will happen to the animals?

are examples of .

2. When companies catch too many fish all the time, there aren’t enough
3. Imagine there are no more fish in the ocean. What will happen if there are
fish left to reproduce. This is called . no more fish?
3. Paper is . With time, it disappears.

4. Bottles and bags made out of are

not biodegradable. 4. In some places fishing boats catch too many fish.
What will happen if overfishing happens for a long time?
5. Big ships called tankers transport oil across the ocean. When they have

an accident and oil escapes, the result is an .

2 Play a game. Cut out seven pictures and the bingo card
2 Listen, talk, and stick. Work with a partner. TR: 6.6
in the back of the book. Listen and play. Discuss. TR: 6.8
Oil spills happen when tankers
This is not Plastic!
have accidents on the ocean.
Right. biodegradable.

1 2 3 4 5
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READING 2 Read. Complete the definitions.

1. Corals are made up of individual animals called .

1 Listen and read. TR: 6.9

Colorful Corals
2. Warm-water polyps get food from tiny plants called .

3. Cold-water polyps eat tiny animals called .

A coral reef looks like a colorful underwater garden. But corals
are not plants. Corals are made up of tiny animals called polyps. 4. Most corals live in very large groups called .
Polyps have soft, transparent bodies without bones.
What’s for dinner? Polyps have a mouth, stomach, and 3 Label. Look and read the text again.
Then write a label for each number. 2
tentacles to catch food. Some polyps live in warm, sunlit zones. In
daylight, these polyps get food from tiny plants called algae. After
dark, the polyps use their tentacles to catch food. Some corals can 1
1.
even catch fish! In contrast, polyps that live in cold, dark zones
have to work harder. There are no algae, so they have to use their
2. 3
tentacles to catch tiny animals called plankton in the water.
Underwater communities. Most corals live together in huge 3.
groups called colonies. Some build a protective skeleton around
themselves. Old generations die and new ones grow on top, slowly
building up coral reefs. Some are millions of years old. These
beautiful reefs are home to more than 4,000 kinds of fish and 4 Talk, listen, and write. Choose warm or cold corals to talk to a
thousands of other organisms.
partner about. Your partner will listen and complete the first column.
Save the reefs! Coral reefs provide food for communities. The Great Barrier Reef Then listen to your partner and fill in the second column.
They are also a source of tourism and jobs for local people. is more than 2,000 km
Scientists use reef animals to develop new medicines. But coral (1,200 mi.) long!
You can see it from
reefs are in danger from pollution. Coral reefs are disappearing. Type of coral
outer space!
Some experts predict that only 10 percent of the world’s corals
will exist in the year 2050. We must protect our corals now. They are
made up of
Okinawa, Japan

They live in

They eat

102 Unit 6 103

WRITING MISSION

Contrast Writing In contrast writing, you write about the differences between two
things. You can use facts and descriptive words to show differences. You can also Protect the oceans.
use words that show contrast, such as but and however, and expressions such as
in contrast.

1 Read. Read about land turtles and sea turtles. How does the writer Think. Pair. Share.
show differences? Underline the words and expressions.
• What will our oceans be
Land and Sea Turtles like in 20 years?
All turtles begin their lives on land. Mother turtles • Why must we protect
lay their eggs in holes and then cover them up to our oceans?
protect them. But after that, the baby turtles’ lives are
very different. The baby land turtles crawl away to live • What can we do to help?
in woods, swamps, grasslands, or deserts. In contrast,
the baby sea turtles crawl to the ocean to live their
lives in the water. land turtle
Land turtles and sea turtles look different, too. Land
turtles have hard, high, round shells. When they are
afraid, they hide in their shells. Sea turtles, however,
have soft, flatter shells. They can’t hide inside, but they
can swim away really fast. When cold weather comes,
land turtles dig holes in the ground and sleep. They are
too slow to move to warmer places. In contrast, sea
turtles simply swim away to find warmer waters. sea turtle

Sipadan Island, Malaysia

2 Write. Write about warm and cold corals. How are they different?
Use words and expressions that show contrast.

3 Share. Share your writing in a small group. Listen and take notes.
“With every drop of water you drink, every breath you take,
Name Warm corals Cold corals you’re connected to the ocean — no matter where on Earth
They get food They catch all you live. Taking care of the ocean means taking care of us.”
Jan
from algae. their food. Dr. Sylvia Earle, Oceanographer, National Geographic Explorer
104 Unit 6 105
PROJECT Now I can . . .
Make posters to help sea animals. name and describe sea life.

1 Research ways you can help sea animals. talk about how we can
protect the oceans.
2 Make posters.
talk about future events.
33 Make cards to hand out. write to describe how
things are different.
4 Invite people to a community clean-up.

5 At your event, take photos for a school newspaper article.

Our poster is about why it’s

important to protect coral reefs.

106 Unit 6 107

 Review 5 Look and read. Look at the pictures below. What’s wrong?
Match the sentences.

1 Listen. Weiwei is doing a survey. Write her questions

in the chart. TR: 6.10

Topic Question Jun Ming

Creature 1. octopus

Writer 2. Bruce Coville

Athlete 3. LeBron James 1. The stove is still hot. a. Adults should always put
medicine away.
2. The milk bottle is near the window. b. If the cat touches it, it will fall.
School 4. English c. He must not touch it, or he’ll
3. The girl is wearing a cast.
burn himself.
4. The medicine bottle is open. d. She shouldn’t climb a tree.
Illness 5. a broken arm

6 Look and write. Look at the pictures again. What else is wrong?
2 Listen again. Write Jun and Ming’s answers in the chart. TR: 6.11
1. The boy is running with scissors. He with scissors.

3 Write. Prepare five questions like Weiwei’s for your classmates. 2. The man isn’t wearing his hat. He a hat in the sun.

handsome cool actor TV show 3. The girl wants to touch the knife. She it.
popular funny person movie
pretty great hobby relative 7 Ask and answer. Work with a partner.
wonderful best / worst sport singer
1. Why shouldn’t you sneeze on people? What should you do instead?
2. You feel dizzy. Is it better to lie down or do some exercise?
3. Why shouldn’t we throw plastic in the ocean?
4 Ask and answer the questions you wrote. Work in a group
of three. Take turns. Do you have any favorite things in common?
8 Compare your answers with another partner. Are they the
same or different?
108 Review Units 4–6 109
EXTENDED READING
2 Read. Match to make sentences.
1 Listen and read. TR: 6.12
1. Plastic in our oceans a. more plastic than fish.
Oceans of Plastic: new biodegradable plastics. Many
communities are trying to use less 2. In 2050, our oceans could have b. are helping solve the problem.
TIME FOR ACTION plastic and recycle more. Kids and
young people are playing their part,
3. Each year millions of ocean animals c. is a very big problem.
Plastic is useful. It’s in a lot of too, from Boyan Slat, 23, who is 4. Kids and young people d. die because of plastic.
things we use every day, from clothes developing an ocean sweeping machine,
to pens, and bottles to toys. But to kids around the world working to
there’s a problem. Most plastic is not 3 Read. Answer the questions. Work with a partner.
make their schools “zero plastic.”
biodegradable, and a lot of it ends up 1. How do you think plastic gets into the oceans?
in our oceans. What can you do?
• Don’t use plastic bags. 2. Which do you think are harder to clean up—large plastic objects or
How big is the problem? • Don’t litter. tiny pieces? Which do more harm?
There are likely more than 5 trillion— • Don’t use plastic straws.
that’s 5,000,000,000,000!—bits of • Get a refillable water bottle. Don’t 3. How are people taking action? Which actions do you think are the
plastic in the world’s oceans. Every buy plastic bottles. most important?
ocean and every beach has plastic, • Recycle.
from large objects to tiny pieces called One person can’t solve 4 Read. Express yourself. Choose an activity.
microplastics. Tons of plastic enter the the problem alone, but
ocean every year. At this rate, by 2050 1. Choose a marine animal or seabird. Draw or paint a picture of it,
together we will
there will be more plastic than fish in then label it, showing how plastic affects it.
make a difference.
our oceans! 2. Write and act out a play about plastic pollution.
How does plastic harm animals? 3. Make a poster to persuade supermarkets to use less plastic.
Fish, sea turtles, and birds think
plastic is food, and they eat it. The
plastic stays in their stomachs. Dead
seabirds are found with stomachs full
of plastic. Whales, dolphins, and seals
get tangled up in plastic packaging
or fishing nets. It’s estimated that
millions of ocean animals die each year
because of plastic garbage in oceans
around the world.
Is there any good news?
Yes! Scientists, schools, businesses,
and everyday people are taking
action. Some countries have banned
plastic bags. Scientists are developing

110 Extended Reading 111